Tema 02 - O Potencial Elétrico | Experimentos - Máquina de indução eletróforo de volta

Summary

This experiment demonstrates the process of charge induction and grounding using basic materials like a PVC plate, an aluminum tray, and a PET bottle to create a Leyden jar. The method is based on the principle of the electrophore, invented by Alessandro Volta. The experiment begins by rubbing a PVC plate with paper towel to generate static charges. The plate induces opposite charges in the aluminum tray. By touching the tray with a hand, the upper part is neutralized, leaving the tray charged with positive charges. This process, known as induction and grounding, is the fundamental principle behind electrostatic induction machines.

Takeaways

• 😀 The experiment uses a PVC plate, an aluminum tray with an insulated wire, and a Leyden jar made from a PET bottle.
• 😀 The principle of the experiment is based on electrostatic induction, similar to the electrophore method invented by Alessandro Volta.
• 😀 Friction between the PVC plate and paper towel causes the transfer of electrons, charging the PVC plate negatively.
• 😀 The object losing electrons becomes positively charged, while the object gaining electrons becomes negatively charged.
• 😀 The PVC plate, when rubbed, ends up negatively charged, while the aluminum tray is polarized when placed on it.
• 😀 The lower part of the aluminum tray becomes positively charged, and the upper part becomes negatively charged due to the induced charges.
• 😀 When the top of the tray is touched, the charge is neutralized or discharged, as the human body acts as a grounding path.
• 😀 After the hand is removed, the tray remains positively charged, with charges opposite to the ones on the PVC plate.
• 😀 A small spark can be observed when the tray is approached near a Leyden jar, indicating the presence of electrical charge.
• 😀 The method of electrification demonstrated here is called 'electrification by induction and grounding,' which is the working principle of electrostatic induction machines.

Q & A

What materials are used in the experiment described in the transcript?

The experiment uses an insulating board made of PVC, an aluminum tray with an insulated cable attached to its center, and a Leyden jar made from a PET bottle.

What is the principle behind the electrostatic induction machines mentioned in the transcript?

The electrostatic induction machines work based on the principle of the electrophore, invented by Alessandro Volta, which involves transferring electrical charges between two bodies by induction.

What was used in the original electrophore, as mentioned in the transcript?

The original electrophores used metal discs with an insulated handle and glass plates that were rubbed with wool to generate static charges.

How does the PVC board become electrified in the experiment?

The PVC board becomes electrified by rubbing it vigorously with paper towels, which generates energy that removes electrons from one body and transfers them to another.

What happens to the PVC board when it loses electrons?

When the PVC board loses electrons, it becomes positively charged.

What happens to the object that gains electrons in the experiment?

The object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, which in this case is the PVC board.

What role does the aluminum tray play in the experiment?

The aluminum tray, with the help of the insulated cable, is placed on the PVC board, and through induction, it acquires a polarization of charges, with the bottom becoming positively charged and the top negatively charged.

What does the hand do when it touches the top of the aluminum tray?

When the hand touches the top of the aluminum tray, it acts as a connection to the ground, discharging or neutralizing the negative charges on the tray.

How is the aluminum tray charged after the hand is removed?

After the hand is removed, the aluminum tray retains a positive charge, which is opposite to the charge of the PVC board.

What is the term used for the method of electrization described in the transcript?

The method described is called 'electrification by induction and grounding,' which is the principle behind electrostatic induction machines.