01 FISIOLOGIA DO CANTO

Summary

This video explains the intricate process of breathing and voice production, starting with the inhalation of air through the nose or mouth, traveling through the trachea to the lungs, and the role of the diaphragm in this process. It highlights the importance of the larynx in both speech and breathing, detailing how vocal cords vibrate to produce sound. The video also covers the anatomical structures involved in voice production, such as the cartilages, muscles, and resonating cavities, and explains how these contribute to the timbre and tone of the voice, emphasizing the role of the soft palate in controlling airflow.

Takeaways

• 😀 Breathing involves air entering through the nose or mouth, passing through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, reaching the lungs where expansion occurs.
• 😀 The expansion of the lungs is facilitated by the floating ribs and the diaphragm, which contracts during inspiration, allowing the lungs to expand.
• 😀 The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen and plays a crucial role in both inspiration and expiration.
• 😀 During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, and the lungs expel air, completing the respiratory cycle.
• 😀 The larynx is an important organ for both speech and breathing. It is located in the neck and contains the vocal cords.
• 😀 Air from the lungs passes through the trachea and causes the vocal cords to vibrate, producing sound. The pressure below the vocal cords opens them, and they close due to elasticity and Bernoulli's principle.
• 😀 The action of the vocal cords involves opening from bottom to top and closing in the same manner.
• 😀 Key structures in the larynx include the thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cuneiform and corniculated cartilages, and the epiglottis.
• 😀 Various muscles control the vocal cords during phonation, including the cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid muscles, which influence pitch and tone.
• 😀 The vocal tract's resonators, including the mouth and nasal cavities, modify the sound, affecting the quality, timbre, and resonance of the voice.

Q & A

What happens when we inhale air?

When we inhale, air enters through the nose or mouth, passes through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and finally reaches the lungs, causing them to expand. This expansion is facilitated by the floating ribs in the ribcage and the diaphragm.

How does the diaphragm assist in breathing?

The diaphragm contracts during inhalation, lowering itself and allowing the lungs to expand. This contraction also causes the organs below the diaphragm to adjust, influencing the abdominal and ribcage area.

What is the role of the diaphragm in exhalation?

During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, which leads to the lungs emptying as the air is pushed out of the body.

Why is the larynx so important for both speech and life?

The larynx is crucial for both speech and breathing. It is located within the neck, surrounded by tissues, and is involved in sound production when air from the lungs vibrates the vocal cords.

How do vocal cords work to produce sound?

Air from the lungs passes through the trachea and causes the vocal cords to vibrate. The pressure below the vocal cords causes them to open, but they close again due to their elasticity and the negative pressure from Bernoulli's effect, continuing the cycle of vibration.

What is the Bernoulli effect in relation to the vocal cords?

The Bernoulli effect creates negative pressure that causes the vocal cords to be drawn together after they open due to air pressure. This continuous cycle of opening and closing is essential for sound production.

What are the main anatomical structures involved in the larynx?

The larynx includes various structures such as the thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cuneiform cartilage, and corniculates. These structures together form the housing for the vocal cords.

What muscles are involved in vocalization and how do they affect the voice?

Key muscles involved in vocalization include the cricoarytenoid posterior (opens the vocal cords), lateral cricoarytenoid (closes the vocal cords), transverse and oblique arytenoids (also close the vocal cords), and the thyroarytenoid (affects pitch by making the voice deeper). The cricothyroid muscle stretches the vocal cords, producing higher-pitched sounds.

What is the role of the vocal tract’s resonators in speech?

The resonators, such as the mouth and nasal cavities, shape the sound and influence the voice's timbre. These spaces amplify and modify the sound produced by the vocal cords, contributing to the overall tone of the voice.

How does air movement between the oral and nasal cavities affect voice production?

Air can exit through either the oral or nasal cavities, or both, depending on the action of the soft palate. This controls whether the sound is more oral or nasal, directly affecting the sound's quality and resonance.