Sistema Educativo en España - ¿Cómo funciona? ¿Cuáles son los niveles? | Explicación Completa🇪🇸

Summary

In this video, Marta Tardáguila takes viewers on a journey through the Spanish educational system, from early childhood to adulthood. She explains the division of educational responsibilities between the state and autonomous communities, the structure of each education level, including preschool, primary, secondary, and higher education, as well as the different paths available after high school, like vocational training and university. Marta also shares an insightful Spanish proverb, 'Despacio y buena letra', which emphasizes the importance of patience and quality in completing tasks, reflecting the Spanish approach to education and life.

Takeaways

• 😀 In Spain, education is a shared responsibility between the state and the autonomous communities, with the state setting the general structure and the communities determining educational content.
• 😀 Autonomous communities with their own official language, like Catalan or Basque, have a different educational content distribution compared to those without a regional language.
• 😀 Early childhood education in Spain (ages 0-6) is not mandatory but partially free. The second cycle (ages 3-6) is free of charge.
• 😀 Primary education (ages 6-12) in Spain is both mandatory and free, divided into three two-year cycles.
• 😀 Secondary education (known as ESO) is mandatory for students aged 12-16 and free of charge, culminating in a graduation certificate for further educational or career opportunities.
• 😀 After completing ESO, students can either pursue Bachillerato (optional, ages 16-18), vocational training, or enter the workforce.
• 😀 Bachillerato is a two-year, non-mandatory stage that allows access to university or higher vocational training, based on performance in a final exam.
• 😀 Vocational training in Spain consists of two levels: 'grado medio' (middle level, leading to a technical qualification) and 'grado superior' (higher level, leading to further education or employment).
• 😀 To access university, students must pass the 'PAU' exam (known as selectividad), which evaluates their knowledge and determines their eligibility for specific university programs.
• 😀 University degrees in Spain were reformed and are now structured as four-year 'grados' (bachelor's degrees), replacing previous three-year diplomaturas and five-year licenciaturas.

Q & A

What is the role of the state and autonomous communities in the Spanish education system?

In Spain, the education system is a shared responsibility between the state and the autonomous communities. The state defines the general structure of the education system, including the types, levels, and requirements, while the contents of education are determined jointly by the state and the autonomous communities. In communities with their own language, the state sets 55% of the content, while in those without, it sets 65%.

What is meant by 'autonomous communities with their own language' in Spain?

Autonomous communities with their own language are regions in Spain where there is an additional official language besides Spanish. For example, in communities like Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia, Catalan, Basque, and Galician are co-official languages alongside Spanish.

Is early childhood education mandatory in Spain?

No, early childhood education in Spain is not mandatory. It includes two cycles: from 0 to 3 years and from 3 to 6 years. The latter is free of charge.

What is the age range for primary education in Spain, and is it mandatory?

Primary education in Spain is mandatory and free of charge. It lasts from age 6 to 12 and is divided into three cycles, each lasting two years.

What is the 'Educación Secundaria Obligatoria' (ESO) in Spain?

The 'Educación Secundaria Obligatoria' (ESO) is compulsory and free education in Spain, covering ages 12 to 16. It consists of four courses and includes both mandatory and elective subjects. Completing ESO grants the title of 'Graduado en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria' (Graduated in Compulsory Secondary Education).

What options are available after completing the ESO in Spain?

After completing the ESO, students in Spain can either pursue the Bachillerato (pre-university education), enter vocational training (Formación Profesional de Grado Medio), or enter the workforce.

What is the Bachillerato, and is it mandatory in Spain?

Bachillerato is a two-year, non-mandatory educational stage in Spain for students aged 16 to 18. It offers different specializations and prepares students for university or vocational education.

What is the difference between Formación Profesional de Grado Medio and Grado Superior?

Formación Profesional de Grado Medio is a vocational education cycle that grants the title of 'Técnico' and provides access to higher vocational training or the workforce. Formación Profesional de Grado Superior grants the title of 'Técnico Superior' and allows students to enter the workforce or access university education without additional exams, provided the university aligns with their professional training.

How do students access university education in Spain?

To access university education in Spain, students must take the 'Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad' (PAU), also known as 'Selectividad.' Admission to most university programs depends on the score achieved in this exam, which is combined with the student's Bachillerato grades to form the 'nota de corte' (cut-off grade).

What are the changes in university degrees in Spain after the university reform?

Before the university reform, university degrees in Spain were divided into diplomas (3 years) and licenciaturas (5 years). After the reform, all degrees are now classified as 'grados' (4-year degrees).

What does the Spanish proverb 'Despacio y buena letra' mean, and how is it related to education?

The Spanish proverb 'Despacio y buena letra' translates to 'Slowly and with good handwriting,' which advises taking time and care in completing a task to ensure it is done well. It is often used in the context of education to suggest that rushing through tasks may lead to mistakes, and that careful, deliberate effort yields the best results.