Tendencias musicales del s.XX (1ªparte)

Summary

This video script by Professor Sacco Lladó from the Valencian Community's Distance Education Center explores the diverse musical currents of the 20th century. It highlights the century's political and economic instability, technological advancements, and the rise of leisure activities, all of which contributed to a boom in artistic and musical trends. The script discusses the shift of focus to sound as the central interest in music and the emergence of commercial arts. It distinguishes between popular urban music, such as jazz, pop, and rock, and academic or cultured music, including both traditional tonal music and avant-garde compositions. The script also touches on the characteristics of popular music, such as the rise of iconic singers and groups, and the global spread of rhythms and styles, as well as the evolution of tonal music and the avant-garde's rejection of traditional norms in favor of new sounds and instruments.

Takeaways

• 🎵 The 20th century is characterized by a multitude of artistic and musical trends that coexisted and rapidly evolved, a stark contrast to previous centuries where trends were more sequential.
• 🌐 The century was marked by political and economic instability, primarily due to the two World Wars, which fueled a strong artistic rebellion against established norms.
• 💡 There was a significant technological and communication development that enabled new artistic procedures and techniques to emerge in the artistic field.
• 🎶 The 20th century saw the rise of leisure activities, particularly in music, with a focus on consumer music and the expansion of commercial arts like fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema.
• 🎼 The search for new forms of expression and resources led to a rupture with previous beliefs and values, resulting in a multitude of artistic and musical trends.
• 📣 Informalism emerged, where art works do not aim to narrate or transmit but simply exist, leaving interpretation open to the viewer.
• 🎵 In the realm of music, sound became the central focus of musical works, diverging from the traditional tonal world.
• 🎶 Two main musical currents are highlighted: popular urban music (consumption music) and academic or cultured music.
• 🎤 Popular urban music, including jazz, pop, and rock, gained prominence in the 20th century due to improved communication and reproduction media, and social changes that sought distinctive music.
• 🎼 Academic or cultured music saw two main trends: music rooted in tonal tradition and avant-garde music, with the former maintaining a more diluted tonal system and the latter rejecting traditional tonality, rhythm, and form.
• 🎵 Avant-garde music sought to use new sounds and instruments, incorporating what were previously considered noises into the composition, representing a significant shift in musical language.

Q & A

What is the main characteristic of the 20th century in terms of artistic and musical trends?

The 20th century is characterized by a period of great artistic and musical diversity, with a multitude of trends that coexist and give rise to new artistic and musical tendencies.

How did the political and economic instability of the 20th century influence artistic expression?

The political and economic instability, particularly due to the two World Wars, led to a strong reaction against established norms and a search for new forms of expression that broke with the past.

What role did technological advancements and communication media play in the art of the 20th century?

Technological advancements and communication media facilitated the emergence and application of new procedures and techniques in the artistic field.

What is 'informalism' in the context of 20th-century art?

Informalism is an artistic movement where the artwork does not aim to narrate or transmit a specific message but simply exists, leaving it open for the viewer to contribute and provide interpretation.

How did the 20th century redefine the central focus of a musical work?

In the 20th century, the sound itself became the central focus of musical works, moving away from traditional tonality and exploring new sonic worlds.

What is the significance of commercial arts in the 20th century?

Commercial arts such as fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema gained importance in the 20th century, reflecting the rise of leisure and consumer culture.

What are the two main currents in music during the 20th century mentioned in the script?

The two main currents in music during the 20th century are popular urban music, which includes genres like jazz, pop, and rock, and academic or cultured music.

How did the development of communication and reproduction media impact popular urban music in the 20th century?

The development of media such as radio, television, and the proliferation of the magnetophone allowed popular urban music to spread globally and gain significant importance.

What are the characteristics of traditional tonal music within the academic or cultured music of the 20th century?

Traditional tonal music of the 20th century maintains the tonal system but in a more diluted form, with vaguer relationships between tonics and dominants and a loss of the traditional sense of dissonance and consonance.

What are some examples of composers associated with neoclassicism and new national currents in the 20th century?

Examples of composers associated with neoclassicism and new national currents include Stravinsky, Ravel, Prokofiev, Copland, and Rodrigo.

What is the approach of avant-garde music in the 20th century?

Avant-garde music in the 20th century seeks to reject traditional tonality, rhythm, and melody, incorporating new sounds and instruments, and making sound the central material of the work.