Mujeres en la Batalla de Pichincha | La Chulla Historia
Summary
TLDRThis video script tells the overlooked stories of courageous women in the Battle of Pichincha, a pivotal event in Ecuador's fight for independence. Despite societal restrictions, these women played crucial roles as spies, fundraisers, and even soldiers, often disguising themselves as men to participate in combat. The script highlights figures like Ramona Castillo, a volunteer nurse, and Manuelita Sáenz, who actively supported military operations. It also recounts the story of Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez, who fought as men until their true identities were discovered. The video emphasizes the significant yet often unacknowledged contributions of these women to the independence movement, and the harsh consequences they faced post-independence, urging a reevaluation of their place in history.
Takeaways
- 🎭 The Battle of Pichincha is a significant event in Ecuador's history, often recounted with stories of brave men fighting for independence, but the role of women has been largely overlooked or erased from historical records.
- 📚 In the early 19th century, women faced societal restrictions, with limited options such as marriage or entering a monastery, and were barred from activities like education and managing their own properties.
- 💪 Despite societal constraints, there were women who played a crucial role in the fight for independence, breaking gender limitations and contributing to the revolutionary cause in various ways.
- 🕵️♀️ Women acted as spies, gathering valuable civil and military intelligence, and organized conspiratorial activities in their homes, which were instrumental in planning the liberation of Quito.
- 👥 The connection between the Guayaquil revolution of October 9, 1820, and the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, is highlighted, with women from Guayaquil donating money and jewels to finance the cause and making uniforms for the troops.
- 👩🔬 Many women joined the liberating army as nurses, cooks, and camp assistants, enduring harsh military campaign conditions and performing vital support roles such as transporting supplies and burying the dead.
- 🌟 Ramona Castillo, a Guayaquileña, is remembered for her significant effort and sacrifice as a volunteer nurse in the Yaguachi Battalion, though she tragically died from her wounds before reaching Quito.
- 👮♀️ Several women, like Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez, disguised themselves as men to participate in the battles, with some even fighting in the Battle of Pichincha, where their bravery was recognized and rewarded.
- 👸 Manuelita Sáenz, known as the 'Cavalier of the Sun,' actively participated in the preparations for the Battle of Quito and performed intelligence operations, despite not being allowed to take up arms due to lack of permission from her father or husband.
- 🏆 After the Battle of Ayacucho, where she played a significant role in supporting the troops, Manuelita Sáenz was recognized by Simón Bolívar for her bravery and was recommended for the rank of Colonel in the Colombian Army.
- 🏠 Quito women also took on the role of heads of households, managing family businesses and protecting the family's economic interests, which was crucial for sustaining the war effort.
- 😢 Post-independence, the society returned to its previous state, and the women who participated in the liberation campaigns faced persecution, maltreatment, and defamation, with many suffering severe consequences such as exile, execution, imprisonment, or death.
Q & A
What is the main theme of the video script about the Battle of Pichincha?
-The main theme of the video script is to highlight the overlooked role of women in the Battle of Pichincha and their significant contributions to the independence of territories that now form Ecuador.
Why have the roles of women in the independence process been largely ignored or forgotten?
-The roles of women have been ignored or forgotten due to societal norms and historical narratives that have relegated their contributions to a secondary role or erased them completely from history books.
What was the societal status of women in the early 19th century in Quito?
-In the early 19th century, women in Quito lived in a state of subordination, with limited rights and options such as studying, managing their own properties, or freely going out on the streets. Society offered them only two choices: marriage or entering a monastery.
How did some women break the societal limitations imposed on their gender during the time of the independence struggles?
-Some women broke societal limitations by participating in the independence campaigns, organizing conspiratorial activities in their residences, acting as spies, and providing valuable information for the patriot army's plans.
What connection is mentioned between the Guayaquil revolution of October 9, 1820, and the Battle of Pichincha?
-The connection mentioned is that women from Guayaquil donated money and jewels to finance the independence cause, made uniforms for the troops, and encouraged their family members to join the Protectora Division led by Luis Urdaneta.
What was the role of women who joined the liberating army during the journey to Quito?
-Women who joined the liberating army served as nurses, cooks, and camp assistants. They were known as guarichas, rabonas, or soldaderas and bravely endured the harsh conditions of military campaigns.
Who was Ramona Castillo and why is she remembered?
-Ramona Castillo was a Guayaquileña who volunteered as a nurse in the Yaguachi Battalion and intervened in the conflict. She is remembered for her great effort and sacrifice, but tragically died in Riobamba from the severity of her wounds.
Why did many women have to dress as men to participate in the battles?
-Many women had to dress as men to be accepted into combat because societal norms and military regulations did not allow women to officially serve as soldiers.
What is the story of Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez, and how did they participate in the independence campaign?
-Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez were women from Loja who participated in the independence campaign dressed as men. They registered in Babahoyo under male names and fought in the Battle of Pichincha. Nicolás Ha Jurado was severely wounded and later recognized as a woman when she was treated at the hospital.
Who was Manuelita Saenz and what was her role in the independence battles?
-Manuelita Saenz was a companion of Marshal Antonio José de Sucre. She actively participated in the preparations for the Battle of Quito, traveled with a battalion that included her brother, and carried out intelligence operations. Despite her contributions, she was not allowed to take up arms in battle due to lack of permission from her father or husband.
What was the aftermath for women who participated in the independence battles after the war?
-After the independence, women who participated in the battles faced persecution, maltreatment, defamation, and had their properties confiscated. Many suffered from exile, execution, imprisonment, or death, as they were considered to have transgressed social norms.
How did the women of Quito contribute to the war effort while their husbands were fighting?
-The women of Quito became heads of households and took charge of family businesses, protecting the family's economic interests and multiplying their wealth, which was vital for sustaining the war effort.
Outlines
💪 Women's Role in the Battle of Pichincha
This paragraph tells the story of the Battle of Pichincha and how it has been traditionally recounted, highlighting only the bravery of men. However, it emphasizes the often-overlooked contributions of women in the fight for Ecuador's independence. The video aims to correct this historical oversight by introducing viewers to the courageous women who participated in the battle on May 24, 1822. The script invites viewers to subscribe and follow social media for more fascinating historical insights. It sets the stage by describing the societal limitations placed on women in the early 19th century, yet notes the significant roles some women played in the independence movement. These women organized conspiracies, acted as spies, and supported the patriot army with valuable information. The paragraph also mentions the connection between the Guayaquil revolution of 1820 and the Battle of Pichincha, where women from Guayaquil financially supported the cause and encouraged their male relatives to join the army.
🌟 Celebrating Unsung Heroines of South American Independence
The second paragraph continues the narrative by focusing on the recognition of women's bravery during the Battle of Pichincha and their subsequent roles in the fight for South American independence. It recounts the story of women like Ramona Castillo, who served as a nurse and made significant sacrifices, and others who disguised themselves as men to join the battlefield. The paragraph highlights the case of Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez, who fought in the battle and were later honored for their courage. It also mentions Manuelita Sáenz, who actively participated in the preparations for the Battle of Quito and performed intelligence operations, despite not being allowed to fight due to societal norms. The script acknowledges the vital economic roles women played as heads of households during the war and the harsh consequences they faced after independence, including persecution and social erasure. The video concludes by urging viewers to remember and appreciate the contributions of these women, whose actions were crucial to the success of the independence movements.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Battle of Pichincha
💡Independence
💡Women's Role
💡Subordination
💡Espionage
💡Guaraquichas, Rabonas, or Soldaderas
💡Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez
💡Manuelita Sáenz
💡Homefront
💡Post-Independence Persecution
💡Social Relegation
Highlights
The story of the Battle of Pichincha is often recounted as an event where only men fought for freedom, but the role of women in Ecuador's independence has been largely overlooked.
Women in the early 19th century faced significant societal restrictions, including being unable to study, manage their own property, or freely go out on the street.
Despite societal limitations, some women played a key role in the fight for independence, breaking gender barriers and contributing to the revolutionary efforts.
Women organized conspiratorial activities in their homes, where new political ideas were discussed and plans for independence were made.
They acted as spies, using their proximity to influential figures to gather crucial information that aided the patriot army's planning.
A connection exists between the Liberal Revolution in Guayaquil and the Battle of Pichincha, with women from Guayaquil donating money and jewels to support the cause.
Women also encouraged their family members to enlist in the army, contributing to the Protectora Division led by Luis Urdaneta.
Many women joined the liberating army as nurses, cooks, and camp assistants, enduring harsh military campaign conditions and performing essential tasks.
Ramona Castillo, a Guayaquileña, volunteered as a nurse and is remembered for her efforts and sacrifices, although she tragically died before reaching Quito.
Some women, like Nicolás Ha Jurado and Inés Jiménez, disguised themselves as men to participate in the battle, with Jurado being recognized as a sergeant after being wounded.
Manuelita Sáenz, known as the 'Caballerosa del Sol,' actively participated in the preparations for the Battle of Quito and provided intelligence to the patriot generals.
Despite her contributions, high-ranking officials did not allow Sáenz to take up arms in battle due to lack of permission from her father or husband.
Manuelita Sáenz is falsely credited with participating as a soldier in the Battle of Pichincha, which she herself refuted in her diary.
In the Battle of Ayacucho, Sáenz was recognized for her bravery and organizational skills, earning her a special commendation from Simón Bolívar.
Quito women became heads of households, managing family businesses and protecting their economic interests, which was crucial for sustaining the war effort.
Post-independence, society returned to its previous state, and women who participated in the independence campaigns faced persecution, property confiscation, and social oblivion.
The video calls for the reclamation of women's contributions to history, which have been silenced and forgotten.
Transcripts
la historia de la batalla de pichincha
ha sido contada por varias generaciones
como un hecho en el que sólo
participaron hombres que con valentía y
amor a la libertad lograron derrotar a
las tropas españolas consolidando de
esta forma la independencia de los
territorios que hoy conforman el ecuador
lastimosamente el rol de las mujeres en
el proceso de independencia ha sido
relegado a un segundo plano o en el peor
de los casos borradas totalmente de los
libros de historia
es por eso que en este primer vídeo de
nuestra serie por el bicentenario de la
batalla de pichincha les presento a la
historia de mujeres valerosas y
ejemplares que participaron en el campo
de batalla aquel 24 de mayo de 1822 no
sin antes invitarte a que te suscribas a
mi canal y que me sigas en mis redes
sociales para que conozcas más datos
interesantes sobre nuestra maravillosa
historia
comenzamos
[Música]
para comprender de mejor manera la
trascendencia de las historias que vamos
a conocer en este vídeo viajemos en el
tiempo hasta principios del siglo 19
donde las mujeres de la época vivían en
un estado de subordinación no podían
realizar actividades que ahora son
esenciales como por ejemplo estudiar
administrar sus propios bienes e incluso
no poder salir libremente a la calle la
sociedad únicamente les daba a escoger
dos opciones el matrimonio o entrar a un
monasterio
pero por supuesto también existieron
mujeres que no se apegaron a estas
imposiciones de la sociedad quiteña y
desempeñaron un importante protagonismo
en las campañas libertarias sus acciones
rompieron las limitaciones a su género
organizaron actividades conspirativas en
sus residencias mediante reuniones y
tertulias donde se discutía las nuevas
ideas políticas y planificaban las
acciones libertarias actuaron además
como espías valiéndose de la cercanía
con personajes importantes relacionados
con el poder de la ciudad obteniendo
información valiosa tanto civil como
militar que sería de vital importancia
para que el ejército patriota planifique
la liberación de quito
hay que mencionar que existe una
conexión entre la revolución liberal del
9 de octubre de 1820 en guayaquil y la
batalla de pichincha del 24 de mayo de
1822 las mujeres guayaquileñas donaron
su dinero y sus joyas para financiar la
causa libertaria también ofrecieron su
trabajo y confeccionaron los uniformes
para vestir a las tropas este acto de
solidaridad lo mencionó el prócer josé
joaquín de olmedo en una carta enviada
al mariscal sucre
además alentaron a sus hijos esposos o
hermanos a enrolarse en el ejército
llamado la división protectora de kito
liderado por luis urdaneta y que fue
creado por los patriotas de la ciudad
portuaria para llevar la libertad desde
la sierra hasta llegar finalmente a
quito
en el camino se unieron al ejército
libertador muchísimas mujeres que
acompañaron a los hombres en calidad de
enfermeras cocineras y asistentes de
campaña se les conocía como guarichas
rabonas o soldaderas quienes soportaron
con valentía las duras condiciones de la
campaña militar entre sus principales
funciones estaba el transporte de
alimento ropa y material bélico también
preparaban las armas armaban los
campamentos y enterraban a los muertos
la guayaquileña ramona castillo era una
de ellas se ofreció como enfermera
voluntaria en el batallón yaguachi e
intervino en el conflicto es una de las
mujeres a la que se le recuerda por su
gran esfuerzo y sacrificio
lamentablemente no pudo llegar a quitó
murió de forma trágica en riobamba
producto de la gravedad de sus heridas
muchas valerosas mujeres se listaron
como soldados de batalla la gran mayoría
tuvieron que vestirse de hombres para
ser aceptadas en el combate
un caso muy particular que ha
trascendido en el tiempo es la historia
de nicolás ha jurado e inés jiménez
originarias de loja y gertrudis esparza
originaria de ambato quienes
participaron en la campaña libertaria
hasta la ciudad de quito vestidas de
hombres se registraron en babahoyo el 21
de agosto de 1821 con los nombres de
manuel jurado manuel jiménez y manuel
esparza juntas avanzaron por el duro
recorrido hasta la gran batalla del
pichincha en esta batalla nicolás ha
jurado quedó gravemente herida y fue
trasladada al hospital san juan de dios
para que sea atendida de urgencia ahí
descubrieron que aquel soldado valeroso
era mujer al abrirle su camisa con la
intención de curar una de sus heridas el
mariscal antonio josé de sucre al
conocer de esta historia le ascendió al
grado de sargento recomendándole a las
damas de quito quienes se esmeraron en
curar sus heridas sus compañeras de
lucha inés jiménez y gertrudis sparza
siguieron participando en las batallas
libertarias e incluso llegaron hasta
ayacucho al mando de sucre esta batalla
sería el último gran paso para darle
libertad a toda sudamérica
luego de este glorioso triunfo al pasar
revista de las tropas fueron
descubiertas el mariscal también las con
decoro reconociendo el coraje que
demostraron en el campo de batalla
no podemos dejar de mencionar a nuestra
caballeresa del sol manuelita sáenz
quien entabló una amistad con antonio
josé de sucre permitiéndole participar
activamente en los preparativos de la
batalla de quito manuela viajó desde
lima quito junto a un batallón al cual
pertenecía a su hermano siguió la
difícil ruta trazada por sucre para
avanzar al arribar a la ciudad se
presentó al ejército patriota para
participar voluntariamente como soldado
con la obligación de tomar las armas a
su vez realizó operativos de
inteligencia con sus fieles compañeras
de toda la vida con latas y natan con el
objetivo de conocer las posiciones
estrategias y formaciones del ejército
enemigo y así informar a los generales
patriotas
pese a su importante desempeño apoyando
a la independencia los altos oficiales
no aprobaron su pedido de participar en
la lucha armada debido a que manuela no
tenía el permiso pertinente de su padre
o el de su esposo para tan inusual
solicitud esto lo escribiría en su
diario de la siguiente forma los señores
generales del ejército patriota no nos
permitieron unirnos
y jónatas y natan sienten como yo el
mismo vivo interés de hacer la lucha
porque somos criollas y mulatas a las
que nos pertenece la libertad de este
suelo saints
1822
este hecho de que no lo autorizaron a
tomar las armas e ir al frente de la
batalla no la detuvo más bien la motivó
a seguir participando en apoyo del
ejército libertario en la ayuda de
heridos en muchos libros de historia se
dice que manuelita saenz participó como
soldado en la batalla de pichincha lo
cual es falso esto lo confirma ella
misma en una de las páginas de su diario
escritas del mismo 24 de mayo donde
describe la vista privilegiada que
tuvieron los habitantes de quito desde
sus casas todos miramos a través de las
rendijas y los visillos de las ventanas
los godos corren a las faldas del
pichincha para detener el avance del
general sucre con su tropa quien ya se
encuentra arriba y les ha madrugado en
posiciones
en
1822
dos años más tarde manuela se
convertiría en leyenda al ser
protagonista de la batalla de ayacucho
el mariscal antonio josé de sucre dio
parte al libertador simón bolívar de los
pormenores del combate a quien resaltó
la valerosa y decidida actuación de en
los siguientes términos se ha destacado
particularmente doña manuela sáenz por
la valentía incorporándose desde el
primer momento a la división de húsares
y luego a la de vencedores organizando y
proporcionando el avituallamiento de las
tropas atendiendo a los soldados heridos
batiéndose a tiro limpio bajo los juegos
enemigos doña manuela merece un homenaje
particular por su conducta por lo que
ruego a su eminencia que le otorga el
grado de coronel del ejército colombiano
un dato muy interesante que hay que
mencionar y que los libros de historia
olvidan es el hecho que las mujeres
quiteñas se convirtieron en las jefas
del hogar haciéndose cargo además de los
negocios familiares mientras sus esposos
luchaban en los campos de batalla el
hecho de que las mujeres protegieron los
intereses económicos de la familia y los
multiplicarán fue de vital importancia
para el sostenimiento de la guerra
muchas de ellas se encargaron de estas
responsabilidades hasta el final de sus
días debido al fallecimiento de sus
seres queridos como consecuencia de los
enfrentamientos armados
después de la independencia la sociedad
volvió a ser igual que antes las mujeres
que participaron en las campañas
libertarias fueron perseguidas
maltratadas o difamadas confiscaron sus
bienes y propiedades condenándolas a la
miseria muchas de ellas sufrieron
situaciones más adversas como el
destierro el ajusticiamiento la cárcel o
la muerte
ese fue el alto precio que pagaron por
lo que en su tiempo se consideró como
una transgresión social en el contexto
de la guerra se aprovechó de su valentía
en la paz fueron recluidas nuevamente
sus hogares
exterior condenándolas a morir
socialmente con el olvido de sus
acciones estamos a tiempo de reivindicar
la contribución de las mujeres que han
sido calladas por la historia su apoyo a
veces silencioso solventó y permitió a
la gesta libertaria hacerse realidad
aquí terminó la lluvia historia de esta
semana si te gustó y nos quieres apoyar
no olvides darle like y compartirlo en
tus redes sociales saludos equinocciales
nos vemos pronto con otro nuevo vídeo
Weitere verwandte Videos ansehen
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F4B0Jj0ZzR0/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEXCJADEOABSFryq4qpAwkIARUAAIhCGAE=&rs=AOn4CLCuRbGdgqlK00uF6zqDsIsxYWsRng)
Talented Women who were Overshadowed by their male relatives - BBC News
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9EgofXqf8OQ/hq720.jpg)
Women WILL NEVER LOVE This TYPE of Man - Accept Female Nature 101 (hypergamy value secrets)
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2SvaFP5kv3Y/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEmCIAKENAF8quKqQMa8AEB-AH-CYAC0AWKAgwIABABGH8gJChGMA8=&rs=AOn4CLCDj4KWK0HrSWA3xdRnpfNWtcPqSQ)
(Kelompok 11) Feminisme dan Disorientasi Sesksual Dalam Perspektif Islam
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xzqkuW3QSrw/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEXCJADEOABSFryq4qpAwkIARUAAIhCGAE=&rs=AOn4CLD89xZ9mych_rI9cKx9fNWpCZIVAQ)
Other men want your girlfriend too
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5A_o-nU5s2U/hq720.jpg)
Haitian Revolutions: Crash Course World History #30
![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FkVQA4QrQK0/hq720.jpg)
Female Dating Strategy Can Literally Get You Dead | Grunt Speak
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)