NGAJI Ushul Fiqh untuk PEMULA sesi 5 - POSISI SUNNAH DI HADAPAN AL-QUR'AN

Summary

This script discusses the important role of the Sunnah in relation to the Qur'an within Islamic law. It outlines four key functions: reinforcing Qur'anic teachings, clarifying general Qur'anic instructions, abrogating certain Qur'anic rulings, and introducing new laws. Examples include the Sunnah reinforcing prayer, providing specific details on wudu, overriding the Qur'anic command for a will, and establishing the zakat fitrah obligation. The relationship between the Qur'an and Sunnah ensures a dynamic legal framework that adapts to different circumstances while preserving core Islamic principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Quran encourages bequests (wasiat) before death, but a hadith states that heirs do not need separate bequests, highlighting a conflict between the two sources.
• 😀 Sunnah plays a key role in reinforcing Quranic teachings, as in the case of obligatory prayers, where the Prophet's words confirm the Quranic directive.
• 😀 Explanatory Sunnah elaborates on general Quranic instructions, such as providing detailed guidance on the steps of wudu (ablution), which the Quran only mentions in broad terms.
• 😀 Abrogating Sunnah can override certain Quranic rulings, like the hadith which negates the Quranic order of making a will for heirs, claiming it's unnecessary for them.
• 😀 Some practices of the Prophet introduce new rules not mentioned in the Quran, such as the obligation of zakat fitrah, which was established through Sunnah.
• 😀 Sunnah is categorized into different types, with each serving a distinct purpose, such as reinforcing, explaining, abrogating, or innovating new rules in Islamic law.
• 😀 Affirmative Sunnah (Asunah Muakidah) confirms and strengthens what the Quran already states, ensuring consistency in Islamic teachings.
• 😀 Explanatory Sunnah (Asunah Mubayyinah) helps clarify general and ambiguous Quranic verses, offering specific details not found in the Quran.
• 😀 Abrogating Sunnah (Asunah An-Nasikah) serves to cancel or change certain Quranic laws, like the hadith regarding inheritance and bequests for heirs.
• 😀 Innovative Sunnah (Asunah Min Jadidin) introduces new laws or practices, such as zakat fitrah, which were not mentioned in the Quran but were instituted by the Prophet.

Q & A

What is the role of Hadith in relation to the Quran in Islamic law?

Hadith serves various functions in relation to the Quran, including reinforcing, explaining, abrogating, or introducing new rulings that are not mentioned in the Quran.

What does the Quran say about making a will before death?

The Quran encourages making a will before death, specifically in relation to bequeathing wealth to family members, as seen in verses about sakaratul maut (the final moments before death).

How does Hadith contradict the Quran regarding the issue of a will?

The Hadith contradicts the Quranic instruction about making a will, with a narration stating that there should be no will for heirs, as they will already inherit under Islamic inheritance laws.

What is the function of 'Sunah Mu'akkidah'?

'Sunah Mu'akkidah' refers to the role of Hadith in reinforcing what is already stated in the Quran, emphasizing and confirming the commands found in the Quran.

What is 'Sunah Mubayyinah' and how does it relate to the Quran?

'Sunah Mubayyinah' refers to the Hadith that explains general, broad Quranic commands in greater detail, offering specifics on how to perform certain acts, such as wudu (ablution).

Can you give an example of 'Sunah Mubayyinah' from the script?

An example of 'Sunah Mubayyinah' is the Hadith that explains the details of performing wudu, such as how to wash the hands, face, feet, and how many times each part should be washed.

What is the purpose of 'Sunah Nasikah'?

'Sunah Nasikah' refers to the Hadith that abrogates or replaces the laws stated in the Quran, such as the ruling on making a will, which the Hadith says is not required for heirs.

How does 'Sunah Nasikah' apply to the ruling about making a will?

'Sunah Nasikah' abrogates the Quranic command to make a will for heirs, stating instead that there should be no will for them, as they will receive their share through inheritance.

What is the function of 'Sunah Min Jadid'?

'Sunah Min Jadid' introduces new legal rulings that are not found in the Quran, such as the obligation of zakat fitrah, which is mandated by Hadith but is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran.

How does the Hadith regarding zakat fitrah demonstrate 'Sunah Min Jadid'?

The Hadith requiring zakat fitrah, particularly the obligation to give a certain amount of dates or dry fruits, is an example of 'Sunah Min Jadid', as this specific ruling does not appear in the Quran.