Could China's Chang'e-6 moon mission have a military goal? | DW News
Summary
TLDR中国最近发射了名为“嫦娥六号”的无人探测器,执行了一项前所未有的任务,目标是月球的远侧。探测器从海南岛南部发射升空,预计将在大约两个月后返回地球,并带回约2公斤的月球样本。这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国相媲美。2019年,中国成为第一个在月球远侧着陆探测器的国家,创造了历史。嫦娥六号旨在从月球远侧收集月岩材料并带回地球,这将涉及多个机器人模块协同工作。8米长的航天器将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到从未从地球上可见的区域,目标是月球南极的艾特肯盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑。使用机械钻和铲子,着陆器将收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将返回月球轨道,并将样本转移到返回舱,如果一切顺利,它将安全地将货物带回地球。科学家们希望这些样本将揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球远侧的地质情况与我们从地球上看到的一侧不同,它有更厚的地壳,表面岩石的化学成分也不同。嫦娥六号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,包括来自瑞典的光谱仪,将研究太阳风与月球表面之间的相互作用。当太阳风扫过月球时,它们会产生可能危及宇航员和设备电荷。这种效应在极地区域的撞击坑边缘最为显著。这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。萨娜·贝纳克是约翰霍普金斯大学专门研究太空安全的助理教授,她从华盛顿加入了我们的讨论。
Takeaways
- 🚀 中国发射了嫦娥六号探测器,目的是从月球背面采集样本并返回地球,这是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展。
- 🌕 嫦娥六号任务将涉及多个机器人模块协同工作,包括一个8米长的航天器,它将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到月球背面。
- 📍 着陆器将瞄准月球南极的南极-Aitken盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑,使用机械钻和铲子收集约2公斤的土壤和岩石样本。
- 🔬 科学家希望这些样本能够揭示月球早期演化的新信息,因为月球背面的地质情况与我们在地球上看到的月球正面不同。
- 🧪 嫦娥六号还携带了欧洲制造的仪器,包括一个瑞典的质谱仪,用于研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。
- 🏆 中国在2019年成为第一个在月球背面着陆探测器的国家,现在与美国的太空探索计划相媲美。
- ⏳ 嫦娥六号预计在大约两个月后返回地球,如果一切顺利,它将把样本安全带回。
- 🛰️ 这次研究之旅将为中国在2030年前实现首次载人登月铺平道路,美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。
- 📉 尽管目前存在太空竞赛的说法,但月球本身并非终点,而是作为未来太空探索任务的垫脚石。
- 🚧 根据国际空间法,所有国家在探索和使用外层空间,包括月球时,应遵循合作和相互援助的原则。
- 🏅 尽管存在关于月球资源开采和使用的规则讨论,但目前尚未有明确的国际规则来规定谁可以拥有从月球带回的资源。
- ❓ 关于月球资源的所有权和开采权利,目前仍在联合国讨论中,尚未有明确的国际规则。
Q & A
中国的嫦娥六号探月任务的主要目标是什么?
-嫦娥六号的主要目标是收集月球背面的岩石和土壤样本,并将其带回地球。这将有助于科学家们了解月球的早期演化,因为月球背面的地质特征与我们从地球上看到的月球正面有所不同。
嫦娥六号任务的复杂性体现在哪些方面?
-嫦娥六号任务的复杂性体现在它涉及多个机器人模块协同工作,包括轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回舱。着陆器将首先在月球背面的南极艾特肯盆地着陆,使用机械钻和铲子收集样本,然后上升器将样本送回轨道器,最终由返回舱将样本安全带回地球。
为什么月球背面的样本对科学家来说很有价值?
-月球背面的样本对科学家来说很有价值,因为它们可能揭示了有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球背面的地质结构与月球正面不同,它拥有更厚的地壳,表面的岩石化学成分也不同,这些差异可能为研究月球的形成和历史提供重要线索。
嫦娥六号上搭载的欧洲制造的仪器有哪些用途?
-嫦娥六号上搭载的瑞典制造的质谱仪将用于研究太阳风与月球表面之间的相互作用。太阳风在月球表面产生的电荷可能会对宇航员和设备构成危险,特别是在月球的极地区域和撞击坑边缘。
中国计划何时实现首次载人登月?
-中国计划在2030年前实现首次载人登月。
为什么各国都在加速进行月球探测活动?
-各国加速进行月球探测活动的原因包括支持和增强国内服务、基础设施发展、安全,以及提升国际声望和民族自豪感。此外,月球探测也是未来太空探索任务的垫脚石。
目前是否存在将月球军事化的国际趋势?
-虽然太空军事化自太空时代开始以来就一直存在,但目前所有宣布的月球探测任务都是以科学探索为目的,旨在学习和准备未来人类在月球和更远太空的定居。根据国际空间法,使用太空进行进攻性目的是被禁止的。
如果中国在月球上建立基地,是否意味着它可以宣称月球为其领土?
-根据国际空间法,任何国家都不能对太空中的任何物体进行国家占有。即使中国决定违反国际空间法,这样做也会加剧其在国际社会中的地位风险,并且实际上在太空中单独实现任何目标都是非常困难的。
月球上发现的资源归谁所有,有相关的国际规则吗?
-月球上发现的资源的所有权和使用规则目前仍在联合国等国际层面上进行探讨和定义。目前,已有的月球样本返回任务,如中国的嫦娥五号和美国的阿波罗任务,已经展示了我们可以从月球带回样本,但具体的资源提取和使用规则仍在讨论之中。
哪个国家或实体最接近在月球上建立基地?
-根据目前的宣布,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的阿尔忒弥斯三号任务计划在2022年使用SpaceX的星舰进行首次月球着陆任务。中国也计划在2026年至2030年间实现月球着陆。因此,目前来看,美国和中国的计划都处于领先地位。
除了国家,是否有私人企业参与月球探测和未来的月球基地建设?
-是的,除了国家主导的探测任务,私人企业如杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源公司也在参与月球探测和未来的月球基地建设。这表明未来的月球探测和开发将越来越多元化,涉及国家和私营部门。
月球探测和未来的月球基地建设对地球上的普通人有何影响?
-月球探测和基地建设不仅能够推动科学和技术的发展,还可能对地球上的普通人产生积极影响。例如,通过月球探测获得的知识和技术可以应用于地球上的通信、导航、遥感等领域,提高人们的生活质量。此外,月球基地的建设也可能为未来的太空旅游和资源开发铺平道路。
Outlines
🚀 中国探月新任务:嫦娥六号
中国启动了一项前所未有的探月任务,即嫦娥六号,这是一次无人探月任务。嫦娥六号探测器从海南省南部岛屿发射升空,预计在大约两个月后返回地球,并带回约2公斤的月球样本。这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国的空间探索计划相媲美。中国在2019年创造了历史,成为第一个在月球背面着陆的探测器的国家。嫦娥六号旨在从月球背面收集岩石和尘土样本,并将其带回地球。这是一个复杂的任务,涉及多个机器人模块的协同工作。8米长的航天器首先将绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到地球上永远不可见的一侧,目标是月球南极的南极-Aitken盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑。使用机械钻和铲子,着陆器将收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将把样本送回月球轨道,并转移至返回舱。如果一切顺利,它将安全地将货物带回地球。科学家们希望这些样本能够揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球背面在地质上与我们在地球上看到的一侧不同,它有更厚的地壳,表面岩石的化学成分也不同。嫦娥六号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,包括瑞典的光谱仪,将研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。当太阳风扫过月球时,它们会产生可以危及宇航员和设备电荷。这种效应在极地地区的撞击坑边缘最为显著。这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。
🌟 空间探索的国际竞争与合作
过去几年,中国、美国和印度都在月球上进行了着陆,这背后的加速行动引发了关于太空竞赛的讨论。空间能力通常支持和增强了国内的服务、基础设施发展和安全,同时也增加了国家的国际声望和民族自豪感。尽管目前似乎存在一种竞争态势,因为各国都试图在同一时间框架内到达月球南极,但月球本身并不是最终目标,而是作为未来太空任务和探索的垫脚石。尽管如此,有关太空军事化的讨论从未停止,自太空时代之初就开始了。国际空间法禁止在天体上建立军事基地、军事设施、进行任何类型的武器测试和军事演习。然而,使用军事人员进行科学研究和其他目的是被允许的。尽管存在国际规则,但有关月球资源的所有权和开发规则仍在讨论之中。目前,所有宣布的任务都是科学性的,旨在探索、学习和为最终的人类定居做准备。
🏆 月球基地竞赛:谁将率先登陆?
关于哪个国家或实体最接近在月球上建立基地的问题,目前有几个关键的太空探索计划正在进行中。美国的阿尔忒弥斯3号计划预计将在2022年使用SpaceX的星舰进行首次载人登月任务。中国及其合作伙伴计划在2026年至2030年间实现载人登月。其他国家,包括印度、以色列和日本,也成功或尝试在月球上着陆。此外,私营企业如贝索斯的蓝色起源也在积极参与太空探索。随着越来越多的国家和公司参与到月球探索中,月球上的空间将变得越来越拥挤。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡月球探测
💡月球样本
💡月球背面
💡机械钻和铲斗
💡上升器模块
💡国际合作
💡太空法
💡月球基地
💡太空竞赛
💡月球资源
💡月球岩石的化学成分
Highlights
中国发射了前所未有的任务,无人探测器嫦娥6号从海南岛南部发射升空,预计将在大约2个月后带回约2公斤的月球样本。
这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国相媲美。
2019年,中国成为第一个在月球背面着陆探测器的国家,创造了历史。
嫦娥6号的目标是从月球背面收集物质并带回地球,这是一个涉及多个机器人模块协同工作的复杂任务。
8米长的航天器将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到地球上永远看不见的月球南极艾特肯盆地。
着陆器将使用机械钻和铲子收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。
附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将把样本送回月球轨道,并转移至返回舱。
科学家希望样本能揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息,月球背面的地质情况与我们在地球上看到的一侧不同。
嫦娥6号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,瑞典的光谱仪将研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。
太阳风扫过月球时会产生电荷,可能危及宇航员和设备。
这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年前实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。
美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。
空间能力支持和增强了国内的服务、基础设施发展和安全,同时也增加了国际声望和民族自豪感。
目前,许多国家都在月球上进行了着陆,包括中国、美国和印度,这似乎已经形成了一种加速的月球行动。
尽管有人将目前的情况描述为一场竞赛,但月球本身并不是终点,而是未来太空探索任务的一个跳板。
根据国际空间法,所有国家在探索和使用外层空间,包括月球时,都应遵循合作和相互援助的原则。
尽管国际法禁止任何国家对太空中的任何事物进行国家占有,但中国不能仅仅因为想要就声称拥有某物。
联合国正在探讨和讨论有关开采和使用月球资源的规则。
目前,包括中国在内的国家已经从月球带回了样本,但关于月球资源的规则仍在国际层面上定义和讨论中。
基于各种实体目前的说法,埃米斯3计划是第一个计划在2022年9月26日登陆月球的任务。
中国计划在2026年至2030年之间登陆月球,并希望在2030年前实现载人登月。
Transcripts
now China has launched an unprecedented
mission to The Far Side of the
Moon the unmanned Chang R6 a probe
lifted off from the southern iseland
province of hinan it's expected to
return in around 2 months with around 2
kilos of lunar samples the launch is the
latest advancing China's ambitious space
exploration program which now Rivals
that of the United States China made
history in 2019 when it became the first
country to land a Rover on the moon's
Far Side so here's more about beijing's
latest moon
mission chung6 aims to collect Luna
material from The Far Side of the Moon
and bring it back to Earth it's a
complex mission that will involve
several robotic modules working
together the 8 m long spacecraft will
first orbit the Moon and then deploy a
Lander to the side that is never visible
from
Earth it will Target the South Pole 8kin
Basin the largest known impact crater in
the solar system using a mechanical
drill and scoop the Lander will collect
2 kilos of soil and
[Music]
rocks and Ascender module attached to
the Lander Will Blast back into lunar
orbit and transfer the samples to to the
re-entry
vehicle if all goes well it will carry
the cargo safely back to
[Music]
earth scientists hope the sample will
reveal new information about the moon's
early
Evolution its Far Side is geologically
different from the one we see from Earth
it has a thicker crust and its surface
Rock has different chemical
composition Chung earth6 also has
instruments made in Europe on board a
spectrometer from Sweden will
investigate the interaction between
solar winds and the lunar surface when
solar winds sweep across the moon they
create an electric charge that can
endanger astronauts and Equipment the
effect is most pronounced on the crater
edges in the polar regions
This research trip will pave the way for
China's first crude moon landing which
it hopes to achieve by
[Music]
2030 both the US and China want to
establish bases at the Moon South
Pole Sana benak is an assistant
professor specializing in space security
at Johns Hopkins University she joins us
from Washington welcome to D W the last
couple of years has seen China and the
US and India all landing on on the moon
what do you think is behind this
accelerated lunar
action um thank you for having me and
for inviting me um to your show uh well
uh space in general space capabilities
support and enhance Services
infrastructures development security
back at home and at the same time they
add to uh those countries International
Prestige and a sense of national pride
uh domestically uh they also help
development back home um so I think
there's several drivers behind those
recent um events in space it does seem
to have accelerated though over these
last few years it seems to have sort of
reached a
race yes uh many would uh many have
described uh what is happening currently
as a race um and one could potentially
see that as a race because we are all
trying to get to the same place uh the
South Pole of the Moon around the same
time frame uh and uh various countries
developing um capabilities to that end
um however the moon in itself is not an
end point per se as perhaps we'll have
more time to discuss it is just a
stepping stone toward future missions
toward future exploration of space uh so
it is very very difficult to describe it
as a race if there's no end inide right
now you you mentioned in in the the list
of reasons why countries might be going
up there at Science and Technology but
buried within that was the the military
uh aspect should we presume that there
are militaries around the world looking
at how they can actually use the
moon absolutely actually the
militarization of space has been with us
since the dawn of the Space Age the
1950s uh the militarization of space is
simply using space to support uh
military missions back on Earth uh what
we should be worried about is actually
the weaponization of space using space
for offensive purposes uh now I I must
say that all the missions that have been
announced that have been conducted so
far including um those to the Moon uh so
all those missions uh are and have been
announced the scientific missions with a
goal to explore to learn and to prepare
for eventual human settle on the moon
and Beyond in fact the outer space
treaty ratified by all major space
fairing countries actually specifically
forbids the establishment of military
bases of military installations of any
sort of military
fortifications as well as the testing of
any types of weapons and the conduct of
military Maneuvers on celestial bodies
including the moon so um so the
offensive side of that the offensive use
of space is forbidden in intern space
law however the use of military
personnel for scientific research and
for any other purposes is actually
allowed um so according to current
International Space law in the
exploration and use of outer space
including the moon all countries should
be guided by the principle of
cooperation and mutual assistance and so
far all announced missions um
are with the go to explore to learn and
to
I mean but but that sounds great in
theory and it's good to know that there
are rules governing who can do what up
there but excuse me if we look at at
China who's just sent this uh this
latest Mission up if we look at what
China is doing down here on Earth in the
South China Sea well you look at the
idea that they want to establish a base
upon the moon and you would ask yourself
well why wouldn't they want to claim it
for their own
well uh that's a very good question uh
first of all anybody can claim anything
um in space even individuals have
claimed uh asteroids actually in space
uh as it was the case of Aeros uh that
was claimed by by an American individual
so anybody can go plant a flag and claim
a space even without the planting a flag
anybody can claim anything uh but really
uh the the the reality is that space is
very difficult and to um assert uh sort
of ownership of something in space you
also have to be able to defend it um to
hold on to that position um and and
first we have to say that international
law the outer space law forbids uh the
national appropriation of um of anything
in space uh so China cannot just claim
um something because um because it wants
to do so uh but even if it does even if
it decides to go against International
Space law that risks aggravating is
standing in the International Community
and as I said before space is very hard
it is very difficult to actually achieve
anything in space alone which is one of
the reasons actually China partnered
China is not going alone to the Moon it
is actually going together with 10 other
states and several non-governmental
entities just a quick word on because we
know that when these missions go up
there they they gather up kilos of dust
and bring it down to earth and examine
it what
happens uh what are the rules around
Treasures found on the moon if they
bring back some uh some fantastic super
conducting Rare Earth do they get to
just is it Finders Keepers or are there
more rules that say no you can't do that
and then how do you enforce those
rules this is Phil this is an excellent
question it's a question actually that
is currently being explored and
discussed uh at the United Nations uh
what exactly are the rules of extracting
and using in2 elements um inc2 uh
resources uh what exactly is a space
resource how much can we extract uh do
we have the right to extraction how much
uh can we do uh if we do um the matter
of the fact is that we have brought back
samples from the Moon before including
China with Changi 5 in 2020 actually
four pounds of it uh at that time the
Apollo Astronauts also brought samples
from the moon so um president show has
shown have pres have shown that we can
bring samples back from the moon at
least four pounds and that will be that
that that hasn't posed a problem uh
however the rules are still being
defined uh and discussed at
International level uh so we see how
that that goes and so which country do
you think or which Super which
individual is closest uh to establishing
a base on the
moon this is uh this is this is an
excellent question and I'm I'm very
happy that you actually opened it up not
only for States but uh just based on
what the various entities have said
right now emis 3 that is slated to be
the first crude Mission uh on the moon
landing on the moon uh from the emis
program so this one is scheduled for
September 202 26 they plan to use a
Starship ler developed by SpaceX that is
still actually undergoing testing uh
China uh and the China lead block has
quoted actually several dates between
2026 and
2030 uh it definitely plans to land tyon
on the Moon by
2030 So based on those very preliminary
announcements it would seem like it
could be the emis block but as you
pointed out um there have been other um
countries that they've also landed
successfully on the moon including India
in 2023 and several others that
attempted to land on the moon including
um Israel and Japan and then of course
we have individuals um actually uh Jeff
bess's blue origin is very interesting
it's all gonna
getat it's all gonna get very crowded up
there um thank you so much for guiding
us through that
uh Sana benac from John's Hopkins
University thank you so
much thank you
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