Biologi - Sistem Ekskresi Hewan Invertebrata

Summary

In this video, Aldiva Rahadian explores the excretory systems of invertebrate animals, highlighting the diversity and simplicity compared to vertebrates. He explains that Porifera, like corals, lack excretory organs, while Cnidaria and Tenophora, such as jellyfish, excrete waste through diffusion. Platyhelminthes use flame cells for excretion, and Nematoda expel ammonia through body pores. Annelida, exemplified by earthworms, possess metanephridia for waste removal. Mollusca utilize protonephridia as kidneys, while Arthropoda employ Malpighian tubules. Echinodermata, including starfish, have no clear excretory system, relying on amoeboid cells for gas exchange. Aldiva encourages viewers to identify local invertebrates and sets the stage for discussing vertebrate excretory systems next.

Takeaways

• 🐢 Invertebrate animals share common excretory organs like lungs, liver, skin, and kidneys, but their systems differ from humans.
• 🔍 The animal kingdom is divided into two subkingdoms: Invertebrata and Chordata, with a focus on invertebrate excretory systems in this discussion.
• 🌊 Phylum Porifera, like corals, has a very simple excretory system, relying on diffusion to expel waste through pores.
• 🪼 In phylum Cnidaria, such as jellyfish, waste products are also expelled through diffusion, with no specialized respiratory organs.
• 🔥 Flame cells are found in phylum Platyhelminthes, serving as a basic filtration system to remove waste and maintain homeostasis.
• 💧 Nematoda lacks specialized excretory organs, excreting waste directly through the body wall as ammonia.
• 🐍 Annelida, including earthworms, has metanephridia that filter body fluids, absorbing nutrients and expelling waste through nephridiopores.
• 🐚 Mollusca use protonephridia as kidneys, expelling waste in different forms depending on their environment—ammonia in water and uric acid on land.
• 🕷️ Arthropoda, such as insects and spiders, have Malpighian tubules to excrete nitrogenous waste and regulate water and salt.
• ⭐ Echinodermata, like starfish, lack complex excretory systems, excreting carbon dioxide through amoeboid cells and papula.

Q & A

What are the main excretory organs found in humans?

Humans have lungs, liver, skin, and kidneys as their primary excretory organs.

How do Porifera (like sponges) excrete waste?

Porifera do not have specialized excretory organs. They expel waste products through diffusion, releasing carbon dioxide and water through openings called oscula.

What is the excretory mechanism of Cnidaria and Tenopora animals?

These animals lack specialized respiratory and excretory structures; they excrete waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia through diffusion across their body surface.

What are flame cells in Platyhelminthes, and what is their function?

Flame cells are specialized excretory structures that filter body fluids. They help in excreting waste through nephridiopores, using cilia to move fluids.

How do Nematoda excrete waste?

Nematoda do not have specialized excretory organs. They excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia through their body wall and have structures to manage osmosis.

What role do metanephridia play in Annelida?

Metanephridia are excretory organs in Annelida that consist of a funnel-like opening (nephrostome) and tubules. They filter body fluids and excrete waste through nephridiopores.

What is the excretory system in Mollusca, and how does it function?

Mollusca have protonephridia, which function like kidneys. They collect and excrete waste products like ammonia and uric acid through the mantle cavity.

How do arthropods, like insects and spiders, excrete waste?

Arthropods use Malpighian tubules for excretion, which remove nitrogenous waste and excess salts from the hemolymph and expel them with feces.

Do Echinodermata have an excretory system?

Echinodermata lack specialized excretory systems. They excrete carbon dioxide and waste through the skin gills and ameboid cells in their body cavity.

What are the differences in excretion between aquatic and terrestrial Mollusca?

Aquatic Mollusca excrete ammonia, while terrestrial Mollusca excrete uric acid to conserve water, adapting to their environment.