Class 11th – Protozoans – Sarcodina | Biological Classification | Tutorials Point

TutorialsPoint

24 Jan 201803:44

Summary

TLDRThis tutorial video introduces Sarcodina, a group of protozoans also known as amoeboid protozoans. Characterized by their amoeba-like cells, they can be uni- or multi-nucleated and are commonly found in freshwater or marine environments. Sarcodina are endoparasites and pathogenic, relying on host organisms for nutrition. They move and capture food using pseudopodia or 'false feet.' They reproduce sexually through binary or multiple fission, and sometimes through syngamy, where two cells fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Takeaways

🐠 Sarcodina, also known as amoebae-like protozoans, are characterized by their amoeboid cells.
🌿 These protozoans can be either uni-nucleate or multi-nucleate.
💧 Sarcodina are commonly found in freshwater environments, and some species exist in marine environments.
🐛 They are endoparasites, relying on host organisms for nutrition and residing inside their bodies or cells.
🚫 Sarcodina are pathogenic, meaning they can cause harm to their host organisms.
🦶 The locomotory organ of Sarcodina is called pseudopodia, also known as false feet.
🍽️ Pseudopodia aid in both locomotion and capturing food by engulfing particles.
🌱 Sarcodina are heterotrophic, lacking photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll, and thus cannot produce their own food.
🍖 They have a predatory feeding habit, similar to animals, consuming food whole.
🔗 The primary mode of reproduction for Sarcodina is sexual reproduction, which can occur through binary or multiple fission.
🤝 Sexual reproduction can also occur through the process of syngamy, where two cells fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Q & A

What is the second group of protozoans discussed in the video?
-The second group of protozoans discussed in the video is called Sarcodina.
Why are Sarcodina also known as amoebae-like protozoans?
-Sarcodina are also known as amoebae-like protozoans because they share characteristics with amoebae, including their amoeba-like cells.
What are the two types of nuclei that Sarcodina can have?
-Sarcodina can be either uninucleate, meaning they have a single nucleus, or multinucleated, meaning they have multiple nuclei.
Where are Sarcodina commonly found?
-Sarcodina are commonly found in freshwater environments, but some types can also be found in marine environments.
What does it mean for Sarcodina to be endoparasites?
-Being endoparasites means that Sarcodina are dependent on host organisms for nutrition and reside inside the body or cells of these hosts.
How do Sarcodina move and capture food?
-Sarcodina move and capture food using pseudopodia, also known as false feet, which are extensions of the cell's protoplasm.
Can you describe the process of how pseudopodia capture food?
-Pseudopodia capture food by growing out and engulfing food particles, eventually bringing them inside the organism's body.
What type of nutrition do Sarcodina have?
-Sarcodina have heterotrophic nutrition, meaning they cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms for sustenance.
What is the mode of reproduction for Sarcodina?
-The mode of reproduction for Sarcodina is mostly sexual reproduction, which can occur through binary fission or multiple fission.
What is binary fission and how does it differ from multiple fission?
-Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides into two equal daughter cells. Multiple fission results in more than two cells being formed from a single parent cell.
Is there a sexual reproduction process mentioned for Sarcodina?
-Yes, sexual reproduction can occur through the process of syngamy, where two cells fuse together to form a diploid zygote.

Outlines

00:00

🐛 Introduction to Sarcodina

This paragraph introduces Sarcodina, the second group of protozoans, following the discussion of the first group, the Zooflagellates. Sarcodina, also known as amoeboid protozoans, are characterized by their amoeba-like cells. They can be either uni-nucleate or multi-nucleated and are commonly found in freshwater environments, although some species exist in marine environments. These protozoans are endoparasites, relying on host organisms for nutrition and often residing inside their host's body or cells. They are also pathogenic, meaning they can cause harm to their host. The locomotory organ of Sarcodina is the pseudopodia or false feet, which aids in movement and capturing food. The pseudopodia extend from the cell and engulf food particles. Sarcodina are heterotrophic, lacking photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll, and reproduce sexually through binary or multiple fission. Sexual reproduction can also occur through the process of syngamy, where two cells fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Protozoans

Protozoans are single-celled microorganisms belonging to the kingdom Protista. They are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have complex cells with a defined nucleus. The video discusses two groups of protozoans: the first group, zooflagellates, which have a whip-like structure called flagella for locomotion, and the second group, sarcodines, which are the focus of this video.

💡Sarcodines

Sarcodines, also known as amoeboid protozoans, are characterized by their amoeba-like cells. They are a group of protozoans that lack flagella and instead use pseudopodia for movement. The video explains that sarcodines can be either uni-nucleate or multi-nucleated and are commonly found in freshwater environments.

💡Amoeboid

Amoeboid refers to the cell structure and movement of certain protozoans, resembling that of the genus Amoeba. These cells have a flexible, flowing shape and move by extending pseudopodia. The video emphasizes that sarcodines are amoeboid because they exhibit characteristics similar to amoebas, such as the use of pseudopodia for locomotion.

💡Pseudopodia

Pseudopodia, also known as 'false feet,' are temporary, cytoplasmic extensions used by amoeboid cells for locomotion and capturing food. The video describes how pseudopodia extend from the cell body to engulf food particles, illustrating their role in both movement and feeding.

💡Uni-nucleate

Uni-nucleate refers to cells that contain a single nucleus. The video mentions that sarcodines can be uni-nucleate, meaning they have one genetic control center within their cell, which is typical for most eukaryotic cells.

💡Multi-nucleated

Multi-nucleated cells contain more than one nucleus. The video points out that sarcodines can also be multi-nucleated, which is an unusual characteristic among eukaryotic organisms and suggests a unique biological adaptation.

💡Endoparasites

Endoparasites are organisms that live inside a host, often causing harm to the host. The video describes sarcodines as endoparasites because they reside within the body or cells of host organisms, obtaining nutrition at the host's expense.

💡Pathogenic

Pathogenic organisms are capable of causing disease. The video explains that sarcodines are pathogenic, meaning they can harm the host organisms in which they reside, potentially leading to illness.

💡Heterotrophic

Heterotrophic organisms obtain their nutrition by consuming other organisms. The video clarifies that sarcodines are heterotrophic because they cannot produce their own food, such as through photosynthesis, and must ingest other organisms for sustenance.

💡Binary Fission

Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. The video uses binary fission as an example of how sarcodines reproduce, with the parent cell dividing its cytoplasmic content equally between the new cells.

💡Multiple Fission

Multiple fission is a form of asexual reproduction where a single parent cell divides into more than two daughter cells. The video contrasts binary fission with multiple fission, explaining that in multiple fission, numerous cells are produced from a single parent cell.

💡Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two cells to form a diploid zygote, which can develop into a new organism. The video mentions that sexual reproduction can occur in sarcodines through the process of syngamy, where two cells fuse to form a zygote.

Highlights

Introduction to the second group of protozoans, Sarco Deena.

Sarco Deena are also known as amoeba-like protozoans.

They can be either uni-nucleate or multi-nucleated.

Mostly found in freshwater environments.

Some types can also be found in marine environments.

Sarco Deena are endoparasites, dependent on host organisms for nutrition.

They are pathogenic and can harm their host organisms.

Pseudopodia, or false feet, are their locomotory organs.

Pseudopodia help in locomotion and capturing food.

They engulf food particles by extending pseudopodia.

Sarco Deena are heterotrophic, lacking photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll.

They have animal-like feeding habits, taking in food as a whole.

Sexual reproduction can occur by binary fission.

Binary fission involves equal division of cytoplasmic content into two daughter cells.

Multiple fission results in numerous cells from a single parent cell.

Sexual reproduction can also occur through the process of syngamy.

Syngamy involves the fusion of two cells to form a diploid zygote.

Summary of Sarco Deena characteristics and reproduction methods.