La generación de los 30 en la literatura ecuatoriana.

SalomeVT

1 Jun 201703:27

Summary

TLDRThe Generation of the 30s in Ecuadorian literature was marked by social realism, focusing on the lives of marginalized groups such as indigenous people, peasants, and laborers. Inspired by societal issues, these writers used their work to protest injustice and exploitation, challenging traditional Spanish literary norms. Divided into two geographical groups, from the Sierra and Guayaquil, authors like Fernando Chávez, Joaquín Gallegos Lara, and Adalberto Ortiz highlighted the daily struggles of ordinary people. Their works, such as 'Plata y Bronce' and 'Las Cruces sobre el Agua,' became significant in the indigenist and social literature movements.

Q & A

What is the main literary movement associated with the Generation of 1930 in Ecuadorian literature?
-The main literary movement associated with the Generation of 1930 in Ecuadorian literature is social realism, particularly focusing on indigenous and rural communities.
What themes were central to the Generation of 1930's literary works?
-The central themes included the lives of ordinary people, indigenous populations, and rural communities, as well as topics like social injustice, exploitation, and political rebellion.
Which literary work is considered foundational for Ecuadorian indigenist literature?
-The work 'Plata y Bronce' by Fernando Chávez is considered foundational for Ecuadorian indigenist literature.
What characterized the writing style and ideology of the Generation of 1930?
-The Generation of 1930 shared a common literary style and ideology based on a commitment to social issues, reflecting the historical, sociopolitical, and cultural context of their time.
What was the main objective of the Generation of 1930 writers when portraying indigenous and rural characters?
-Their main objective was to denounce exploitation and injustice, representing indigenous and rural characters authentically, often using popular slang and strong scenes to raise awareness.
How did the Generation of 1930 challenge traditional literary norms in Ecuador?
-They rebelled against the traditional literary language inherited from Spanish literature by introducing vernacular expressions and focusing on harsh social realities.
How were the authors of the Generation of 1930 divided geographically?
-The authors were divided into two groups: one based in the Sierra region, including writers from Quito, Cuenca, and Loja, and another based in Guayaquil.
Who were some prominent authors from the Sierra region in the Generation of 1930?
-Notable authors from the Sierra region included Humberto Mata, Jorge Casa, Jorge Fernández, Enrique Terán, Alfonso Cuesta y Cuesta, Ángel Felicísimo Rojas, and Pablo Palacio.
Who were some prominent authors from the Guayaquil group in the Generation of 1930?
-Notable authors from the Guayaquil group included Joaquín Gallegos Lara, José de la Cuadra, Enrique Gilbert, Demetrio Aguilera Malta, and Alfredo Pareja.
What were some key works produced by the Generation of 1930?
-Key works include 'Un Hombre Muerto a Puntapiés,' 'Débora,' 'Vida del Ahorcado,' 'El Muelle,' 'Don Goyo,' 'Sangurimas,' 'Juyungo,' 'Las Cruces Sobre el Agua,' and 'El Éxodo de Yangana.'

Outlines

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📖 Social Realism in Ecuadorian Literature

The literature of the 1930s in Ecuador was marked by a strong influence of social realism. This intellectual movement drew inspiration from society, particularly focusing on the struggles of the working class and indigenous communities. Common characters in this narrative style include landowners, priests, soldiers, politicians, and indigenous peoples. The work 'Plata y Bronce' by Fernando Chávez opened the path to what would become known as indigenista literature, addressing the concerns of these marginalized groups.

✍️ The 1930s Generation: A Shared Ideology

The 'Generation of the 30s' was a group of Ecuadorian writers united by a shared literary style and ideology shaped by their common socio-political and cultural background. These writers, observing historical events, translated them into narratives using various literary and artistic techniques. Their works reflected their commitment to finding solutions to societal problems through a direct engagement with the issues of their time.

🌍 Focus on the Everyday Ecuadorian

The central theme of this generation's literature was the everyday person and their connection to the land of Ecuador. Their works aimed to define the national culture by portraying the human condition of marginalized groups like the indigenous, montubio (coastal peasants), and cholos (mixed-race people). These characters were represented with authentic language, often crude and vulgar, to highlight exploitation and injustice. This was a clear rebellion against the traditional Spanish literary norms.

🏞️ Geographic Division of the 1930s Writers

The writers of this generation were divided geographically into two main groups. From the Sierra (highlands), key figures included Humberto Mata, Jorge Casa, and Ángel Felicísimo Rojas, among others. Meanwhile, in Guayaquil, writers like Joaquín Gallegos Lara and José de la Cuadra made their mark. This division reflected different regional perspectives within their common focus on social issues.

📚 Notable Works and Social Reflection

The works of the 1930s generation, such as 'Un Hombre Muerto a Puntapiés', 'Débora', and 'Las Cruces Sobre el Agua', gained attention for their raw portrayal of social issues. These novels and stories exposed harsh realities, inviting readers to reflect and empathize with the struggles of marginalized communities. The strong social content of these works extended their influence beyond the literary sphere.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Generación de los 30

The 'Generación de los 30' refers to a group of Ecuadorian writers in the 1930s who focused on social realism. They were inspired by society and were particularly connected to indigenous and working-class communities. Their works depicted the struggles of these groups and challenged the literary traditions inherited from Spanish colonization.

💡Realismo social

Social realism is a literary and artistic movement that focuses on depicting the everyday lives of ordinary people, particularly marginalized groups. In the context of the 'Generación de los 30,' it involves portraying the social and political realities of Ecuador, including the exploitation and injustices faced by indigenous communities, peasants, and workers.

💡Literatura indigenista

Indigenista literature is a genre that highlights the lives, struggles, and cultures of indigenous peoples. In Ecuador, this movement was exemplified by works like 'Plata y bronce' by Fernando Chávez. The writers of the 'Generación de los 30' often focused on indigenous characters and themes, using their work to protest against the mistreatment and marginalization of these communities.

💡Plata y bronce

'Plata y bronce' is a novel by Fernando Chávez and is considered one of the first significant works of Ecuadorian indigenista literature. It opened the door for other writers to explore indigenous themes in their work and is a key reference point for understanding the movement's focus on indigenous life and struggles.

💡Montubio

The Montubio refers to the rural, often mestizo, communities living in the coastal regions of Ecuador. In the works of the 'Generación de los 30,' the Montubio is a recurring figure, representing the everyday struggles of rural laborers and their relationship with the land. These characters are often used to symbolize the broader social issues faced by the Ecuadorian lower class.

💡Cholo

Cholo is a term used in Ecuador to refer to people of mixed indigenous and European ancestry, often associated with coastal regions. In the literature of the 'Generación de los 30,' the cholo is another figure representing marginalized communities. Writers aimed to authentically portray their lives and struggles, often focusing on the injustices they faced.

💡Rebeldía

Rebellion, or 'rebeldía,' in the context of the 'Generación de los 30,' refers to the literary rebellion against traditional forms of writing and the Spanish literary heritage. The authors sought to break away from these conventions by using popular slang, vulgar words, and focusing on the harsh realities of Ecuadorian life. This was a way to protest against both social injustice and the dominance of colonial literary norms.

💡Personajes recurrentes

'Recurrent characters' refer to the archetypal figures that appear throughout the works of the 'Generación de los 30.' These include hacendados (landowners), curas (priests), politicians, and indigenous or rural laborers. These characters embody the social and political dynamics of Ecuador at the time and serve to critique the exploitation and corruption inherent in the system.

💡Protesta social

Social protest is a central theme in the literature of the 'Generación de los 30.' Through their works, these writers aimed to denounce the exploitation of marginalized groups like indigenous people, cholos, and montubios. Their writing was a form of activism, bringing attention to societal injustices and calling for change.

💡Lenguaje vulgar

Vulgar language refers to the use of colloquial and coarse language in the literature of the 'Generación de los 30.' This was a deliberate break from the refined language of traditional Spanish literature. By using the everyday speech of the common people, the writers sought to reflect the harsh realities of life for the lower classes and to make their literature more accessible to a wider audience.

Highlights

The Generation of the 1930s in Ecuadorian literature was framed within social realism.

This intellectual movement was inspired by society, with a particular focus on popular sectors and indigenous communities.

Recurring themes and characters in their narrative include landowners, priests, political figures, indigenous people, and montubios (Ecuadorian coastal peasants).

The work that marked the beginning of what is known as indigenous literature (literatura indigenista) is 'Plata y Bronce' by Fernando Chávez.

The Generation of the 1930s was a group of writers united by similar characteristics, shared political and social ideologies, and a common socio-political and cultural environment.

These authors aimed to capture historical events and describe them through various literary, poetic, and artistic resources.

Their central theme was the everyday man and his land, focusing on Ecuador and its people.

The goal of this movement was to define the national identity of Ecuadorian culture by reflecting the human condition of the montubio, cholo, indigenous, and working-class populations.

Characters in their works often used colloquial language, vulgar expressions, and portrayed intense scenes to denounce exploitation and injustice.

This movement represented a rebellion against the traditional literary language inherited from Spain.

The Generation of the 1930s is divided into two geographical groups: one from the Sierra (highlands) and another from the coastal city of Guayaquil.

The Sierra group included notable authors such as Humberto Mata, Jorge Casa, Jorge Fernández, Enrique Terán, Alfonso Cuesta y Cuesta, Ángel Felicísimo Rojas, and Pablo Palacio.

The Guayaquil group included Joaquín Gallegos Lara, José de la Cuadra, Enrique Gilbert, Demetrio Aguilera Malta, and Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco, with Adalberto Ortiz joining later.

These writers were deeply committed to social issues and aimed to depict the reality of the cholo, montubio, and indigenous peoples as they were.

Their works, such as 'Un Hombre Muerto a Puntapiés,' 'Débora,' 'Don Goyo,' 'Juyungo,' and 'Las Cruces sobre el Agua,' are known for their strong social content and raw portrayal of reality.