Extensive vs Intensive Properties of Matter - Explained
Summary
TLDRMr. Millington's lesson distinguishes between intensive and extensive properties of matter. Intensive properties, like boiling point, density, and hardness, remain constant regardless of the substance's quantity. Extensive properties, such as volume, mass, and length, vary with the amount of matter. Examples provided for each clarify the concepts, making the lesson engaging and informative.
Takeaways
- 🔬 Intensive properties are characteristics of a substance that do not depend on the amount of matter present.
- 🌡 Examples of intensive properties include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, and condensation point.
- 💧 The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, regardless of the quantity of water.
- 📏 Density is an intensive property; water's density is one gram per milliliter, irrespective of the amount.
- 💠 Hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness are all intensive properties.
- 🔥 Flammability, such as that of gasoline, is consistent regardless of the quantity.
- 🧪 Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present, including volume, mass, length, and weight.
- 📦 Volume is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of substance you have.
- 🏺 Mass is also an extensive property, as it changes with the quantity of the substance.
- ⏱ The length of a copper bar is an extensive property because it depends on the size of the bar.
- 🔗 To determine if a property is intensive or extensive, consider whether it changes with the amount of substance.
Q & A
What are intensive properties?
-Intensive properties are characteristics of a substance that do not depend on the amount of matter present. Examples include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, density, hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness.
Why does the boiling point of water remain the same regardless of the amount of water present?
-The boiling point of water is an intensive property, which means it is constant at one hundred degrees Celsius under standard conditions and does not change with the quantity of water.
How does the density of water illustrate the concept of intensive properties?
-The density of water is an intensive property, which is always one gram per milliliter, regardless of the amount of water present.
What is the significance of hardness as an intensive property in earth science?
-Hardness is an intensive property that indicates the resistance of a mineral to scratching. Diamond, being the hardest mineral, maintains this property regardless of its size.
Can you give an example of an intensive property related to flammability?
-Yes, flammability is an intensive property. For instance, gasoline is flammable whether you have a large quantity or just a small amount.
What is an extensive property and how does it differ from intensive properties?
-Extensive properties are characteristics of a substance that depend on the amount of matter present. They include volume, mass, length, and weight, and they vary with the quantity of the substance.
How does the volume of water demonstrate the concept of extensive properties?
-Volume is an extensive property because it depends on how much water you have. More water means a larger volume.
Why is mass considered an extensive property?
-Mass is an extensive property because it is directly proportional to the amount of substance present; more substance results in greater mass.
How does the length of a copper bar relate to extensive properties?
-The length of a copper bar is an extensive property because it depends on the size of the bar; a longer bar has a greater length.
What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties in terms of their dependence on the amount of substance?
-Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance, while extensive properties are directly related to the quantity of the substance.
Can you provide a real-world example of how intensive properties remain constant regardless of the amount?
-Yes, the flammability of gasoline is an example of an intensive property that remains constant whether you have a large tank or a small bottle of gasoline.
Outlines
🔬 Intensive vs Extensive Properties
In this segment, Mr. Millington introduces the concepts of intensive and extensive properties of matter. Intensive properties, such as boiling point, freezing point, melting point, density, hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness, are those that remain constant regardless of the amount of substance present. Examples given include the boiling point of water being 100 degrees Celsius, the density of water being one gram per milliliter, and the hardness of diamonds. Extensive properties, on the other hand, depend on the amount of substance present, such as volume, mass, length, and weight. The video script uses the analogy of water in beakers to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing that intensive properties do not change with quantity.
🔍 Summary of Intensive and Extensive Properties
This paragraph summarizes the key points from the previous discussion on intensive and extensive properties. It reiterates that intensive properties, such as the boiling point of water, flammability of gasoline, and combustibility of oxygen, remain the same no matter the quantity of the substance. The paragraph also clarifies that extensive properties, like volume and mass, vary with the amount of substance. The summary serves as a recap, reinforcing the understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Intensive Properties
💡Extensive Properties
💡Boiling Point
💡Density
💡Hardness
💡Flammability
💡Corrosiveness
💡Freezing Point
💡Melting Point
💡Volume
💡Mass
Highlights
Intensive properties are independent of the amount of matter present.
Boiling point is an intensive property; it remains constant regardless of the quantity of water.
Density is an intensive property; it remains constant even with varying amounts of water.
Hardness, such as that of diamonds, is an intensive property and does not depend on size.
Color is an intensive property and remains consistent irrespective of the amount of substance.
Flammability is an intensive property; gasoline remains flammable irrespective of quantity.
Corrosiveness is an intensive property; battery acid is corrosive regardless of its amount.
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present.
Volume is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of water.
Mass is an extensive property; it changes with the quantity of copper.
Length is an extensive property; it depends on the size of the copper bar.
Weight is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of copper.
Examples are provided to differentiate between intensive and extensive properties.
Volume and mass are confirmed as extensive properties.
Density is confirmed as an intensive property, with a constant value of one gram per milliliter.
Flammability is confirmed as an intensive property, unaffected by the amount of gasoline.
Corrosiveness is confirmed as an intensive property, consistent regardless of the amount.
Boiling point is confirmed as an intensive property, constant at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.
Combustibility is confirmed as an intensive property, consistent regardless of the amount of oxygen.
Freezing and melting points are intensive properties, unaffected by the amount of substance.
The video provides a clear explanation of intensive and extensive properties.
Transcripts
hey you guys this is mr. Millington
today we're going to learn about
intensive versus extensive properties of
matters so let's take a look here at
what intensive properties are it says
that intensive properties are properties
of a substance that do not depend on the
amount of matter present so what does
that mean well let's suppose we have a
beaker here and this beaker is filled
with a lot of water and we have a beaker
here and this beaker right here is not
filled with very much water at all and
our to ask you hey what is the boiling
point of this water if I ask you what
the boiling point of beaker one's water
is you might say it's a hundred degrees
Celsius right and if I ask you what the
boiling point of beaker twos water is
you might also say that it's 100 degrees
Celsius that is because things like
boiling point are intensive properties
of matter it doesn't matter how much
substance you have the boiling point of
water is going to be the same whether
you have a lot or just a little bit the
boiling point of water is going to be a
hundred degrees Celsius right so things
like boiling point freezing point
melting point and condensation point all
these are examples of intensive
properties properties of a substance
that do not depend on the amount of
matter present if I were to ask you hey
what is the density of this water right
here in beaker one you might tell me
that the density of the water and beaker
one is one gram per mil one gram per
milliliter and if I were to ask you what
the density of the water and beaker two
is you might also tell me that it's also
one gram per milliliter so it really
doesn't matter how much water you have
the density of water is going to be one
gram per milliliter whether you have a
lot of it or just a little bit that is
because density is an intensive property
of matter a property that doesn't depend
on the amount of a matter present what
about hardness in earth science you
learned about the hardness scale in
regard to different minerals and you
learned that diamond is the hardest
mineral there is right and so it doesn't
matter how much diamonds you have
whether you have a big diamond or little
diamonds they both have the same
hardness to them things like color also
is an intense
property things like flammability or
combust ability or corrosiveness these
are also intensive properties for
example if you have a lot of gasoline
it's going to be equally as flammable as
if you have just a little quantity of
gasoline for example oxygen is
combustible regardless of whether you
have a lot or a little bit it's going to
be combustible and last but not least
battery acid is going to be corrosive
regardless of whether you have a lot of
matter e acid or a little bit of battery
acid that too is going to be corrosive
okay so intensive properties once again
are properties of a substance that do
not depend on the amount of matter
present let's now take a look at
extensive properties and see how they
work okay so extensive properties of
matter are properties of a substance
that do depend on the amount of matter
present for example if I were to ask you
hey what is the volume of water you
might say to me well it depends on how
much water you have that is because
volume is an extensive property of
matter if I were to ask hey what is the
mass of copper you might say well it
really depends on how much copper you
have that is because mass is an
extensive property of matter if I said
hey what is the length of copper or a
copper bar you might say well it depends
on how big the copper bar is it depends
on how much you have and last but not
least if I were to say hey what is the
weight of this copper here you might say
or of copper in general you might say it
depends on how much copper you have so
things like volume mass length and
weight are going to be extensive
properties of matter properties of a
substance that depend on the amount of
matter present so let's take a look at a
few examples and determine whether or
not they are intensive or extensive
properties of matter okay just to
summarize here we're just going to work
through a few example properly
properties of matter and determine
whether or not they're extensive or
intensive so volume if we take a look
volume if I said hey what is the volume
of water like we just said it's going to
depend on how much you have so that's
going to be an extensive property of
matter volume is extensive so is mass
it's going to depend on how much you
have so that two will be an extensive
property of matter what about density
the density of water is always one gram
per milliliter
no matter how much you have so that is
going to be an intensive property
what about flammability once again
gasoline is flammable regardless of how
much you have so that's going to be
intensive corrosive same thing doesn't
matter how much you have that's going to
be in an intensive property as well
whoops I misspelled that no big deal is
cross that out an intensive property as
well what about boiling point
well boiling point water boils at 100
degrees Celsius at sea level regardless
of how much you have so that too is
going to be intensive combust ability if
we take a look at combust ability oxygen
is combustible regardless of how much
you have doesn't matter how much you
have so it's going to be intensive
freezing point same thing and melting
point doesn't matter how much you have
they're going to freeze and boil at the
same temperature so that is going to be
intensive as well okay so most of these
are going to be intensive properties of
matter doesn't matter how much you have
okay so that that's an explanation of
intensive and extensive properties and
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