ITU 150 Historical Video
Summary
TLDRThe International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been pivotal in connecting the world since the 1830s. From the first telegraph services to the development of the internet, ITU has standardized technologies like Morse code, telephone, and radio. It has also addressed challenges like the digital divide and cyber security, promoting sustainable development and universal access to ICTs to ensure a safer, more peaceful, and progressive global society.
Takeaways
- đ The ITU's history is intrinsically linked to the evolution of global connectivity, starting with the telegraph in the 1830s and progressing through various technological advancements.
- đ The development of the telegraph and the standardization of Morse code at the International Telegraphy Congress in Paris were significant milestones, leading to the formation of ITU.
- đ The establishment of the International Telegraph Union in 1865, after an international agreement signed in Paris, marked the birth of what is now known as ITU.
- đ The 17th of May is celebrated annually as World Telecommunications and Information Society Day, commemorating the founding of ITU.
- đ Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876 and the subsequent development of telephone exchanges were pivotal in transforming telecommunications.
- đĄ The introduction of radio and the first audio broadcast by Reginald Fessenden in 1906 expanded the reach of telecommunications and led to the creation of radio regulations to prevent interference.
- đš The Titanic disaster in 1912 underscored the need for 24-hour radio communication on ships and the importance of interoperable standards, leading to international agreements on common distress signals.
- đ The ITU's role expanded into space services and radio astronomy, reflecting the organization's adaptability to new technological frontiers.
- đ Post-World War II, ITU played a critical role in restoring global telecommunications infrastructure and became a specialized United Nations Agency for telecommunications in 1947.
- đĄ The development of geostationary satellites and the allocation of orbital slots and radio frequency spectrum by ITU have been fundamental to the reliable operation of global telecommunications.
- đ The ITU has been instrumental in addressing the digital divide and promoting universal access to telecommunications, aligning with the UN's sustainable development goals.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)?
-The ITU's main purpose is to connect the world through telecommunications by setting global standards, facilitating international cooperation, and ensuring that telecommunications services are accessible to everyone.
When and where was the ITU founded?
-The ITU was founded in 1865 in Paris, where 20 nations gathered to sign an international framework, marking the birth of the International Telegraph Union, which later became the ITU.
What was the significance of the first commercial telegraph service in 1839?
-The first commercial telegraph service, opened in London in 1839, marked the beginning of rapid information transmission over wires, revolutionizing communication by enabling almost instantaneous message exchange across long distances.
How did ITU contribute to the standardization of Morse code?
-The ITU played a role in the standardization of Morse code at the International Telegraphy Congress in Paris, which later became an ITU standard, facilitating uniform telegraph communication worldwide.
What was the impact of the submarine telegraph cable between Britain and France?
-The submarine telegraph cable between Britain and France, which began operation in 1850, carried over 9,000 messages in its first year, dramatically enhancing cross-border communication and aiding in the swift transmission of news.
How did the Titanic disaster influence ITU regulations?
-The Titanic disaster in 1912 highlighted the need for 24-hour radio communication on ships and interoperable standards, leading to the establishment of a common wavelength for radio distress signals during an International Radio Telegraph Conference in London.
What role did ITU play during World War II?
-During World War II, ITU's role was affirmed as critical to war strategy, with developments in radio navigation and radar, which provided accurate air navigation and enemy detection, becoming integral to the war effort.
How did ITU contribute to the development of satellite communications?
-ITU allocated orbital slots and radio frequency spectrum for geostationary satellites, which became the backbone of global telecommunications. These satellites support meteorology, aeronautics, broadcasting, and other vital services.
What was the significance of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)?
-The WSIS, held in 2003 in Geneva and concluded in Tunis in 2005, was a significant international gathering that discussed the potential of ICTs. It led to the Geneva Action Plan and Tunis Agenda, which provided a roadmap to achieve universal accessibility and bridge the digital divide.
What initiatives does ITU have in place to ensure digital inclusion?
-ITU promotes digital inclusion by ensuring access to ICTs for all, including people with disabilities and marginalized communities. It works to bridge the digital divide, improve education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability, and contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Outlines
đ The Birth of Global Telecommunications
Paragraph 1 traces the origins of telecommunications, beginning with the invention of the telegraph in the 1830s. It highlights key milestones, such as the first commercial telegraph service in London, Samuel Morseâs contributions in the U.S., and the establishment of the International Telegraph Union (ITU) in 1865. This organization standardized international telegraphy, marking the beginning of cross-border communication. The story continues with the introduction of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, telephone exchanges, and the development of international telephone regulations by ITU.
đ» The Rise of Radio and Early Broadcasting
Paragraph 2 covers the development of radio communication, starting in the 1890s with contributions from scientists across the world. It mentions the first audio broadcast by Reginald Fessenden in 1906 and the role of radio during the Titanic disaster, leading to the introduction of distress signal standards. The ITU expanded to regulate radio, merging telegraphy and radio conventions and adopting its current name, the International Telecommunication Union. The paragraph emphasizes how telecommunications grew in importance during World War II, including the advent of radar and its critical role in military operations.
đ Telecommunications and Space: New Horizons
Paragraph 3 explains how telecommunications entered the space age, with satellites becoming essential for communication. The ITU played a key role in regulating satellite frequencies and managing interference-free communications for sectors like meteorology and aeronautics. It highlights pivotal moments like the first phone call from space in 1964 and the broadcast of the Tokyo Olympics via satellite. ITUâs work continued after World War II, moving to Geneva and integrating into the United Nations as a specialized telecommunications agency.
đ¶ The Internet Revolution and Digital Transformation
Paragraph 4 explores ITUâs role in the digital revolution, focusing on the advent of the internet. It mentions how ITU helped shape standards for telecommunications that supported the growth of the internet, including protocols for converging voice, video, and data services. The paragraph also highlights ITUâs role in the mobile communication revolution, setting global standards for mobile networks, including 3G and the subsequent development of 5G technologies.
đ Bridging the Digital Divide and Future Innovations
Paragraph 5 discusses ITUâs mission to bridge the digital divide and make telecommunications accessible to everyone, particularly marginalized communities. It details ITUâs ongoing efforts to promote digital inclusion, expand broadband access, and support sustainable development goals. The paragraph highlights ITUâs work on cybersecurity, child online protection, and providing a platform for small and medium enterprises to innovate. The ITUâs continued influence in shaping global ICT policies is underscored, as well as its contribution to global peace and progress.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄITU (International Telecommunication Union)
đĄTelegraph
đĄMorse Code
đĄRadio Communication
đĄSatellite Communication
đĄCybersecurity
đĄDigital Divide
đĄIMT-2000 (3G)
đĄSustainable Development
đĄWorld Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
Highlights
The world's first commercial Telegraph service opened in London in 1839.
Samuel Morse started a Telegraph service in the United States in 1844.
Morse code was standardized at the international telegraphy Congress in Paris, later becoming an ITU standard.
Telegraph service linked Britain and France with a submarine cable, carrying over 9,000 messages in its first year.
The Reuters news agency began sending news via Telegraph lines.
20 Nations gathered in Paris in 1865 to sign an international framework, forming the International Telegraph Union, ITU.
The 17th of May is observed annually as World Telecommunications and Information Society Day.
Alexander Graham Bell gained the US Patent for the telephone in 1876.
ITU drew up the first International Telephone regulations to facilitate telecommunication worldwide.
Radio practical systems were developed in the 1890s.
The Titanic disaster in 1912 highlighted the lack of 24-hour radio communication on ships.
ITU defined the term 'telecommunication' for the first time.
Radio waves helped observe celestial objects, and radio astronomy became part of ITU's responsibilities.
ITU helped restore telecommunications infrastructure after World War II.
ITU became a specialized United Nations Agency for telecommunications in 1947.
ITU's standardization sector, the International Telegraph and telephone consultative committee (CCITT), was formed in 1956.
ITU allocated orbital slots and radio frequency spectrum for reliable transmission.
ITU provided a networking platform to explore new directions in ICTs, leading to the digital Revolution.
ITU developed the technical standards that allow the internet to run effectively on the telecommunication platform.
ITU allocated radio spectrum dedicated to mobile Communications, leading to the global standard 3G.
The World Summit on the Information Society in 2003 was one of the largest gatherings of the United Nations.
ITU's Global cybersecurity agenda addresses the global response to cyber attacks.
ITU promotes the roll out of broadband to connect the world and ensure digital inclusion.
ITU celebrates its 150th anniversary in 2015, continuing to strengthen as the United Nations specialized agency for ICTs.
Transcripts
the world is more connected than ever
before and the story of itu is the story
of connecting the
world in the 1830s electricity powered a
huge Revolution soon not only voltage
but also information transmitted over
the
wires in 1839 the world's first
commercial Telegraph service opened in
London in 1844 Samuel Mo started a
service in the United States
and soon after the morse code was
standardized at the international
telegraphy Congress in Paris later
becoming an itu
standard the telegraph spread like
wildfire Telegraph service began by
linking Britain and France with a
submarine cable carrying over 9,000
messages in its first year and the
Reuters news agency began sending the
latest news racing over the
wires as Telegraph lines crossed na
borders New International agreements had
to be forged in 1865 20 Nations gathered
in Paris to sign an international
framework and formed the international
Telegraph Union itu was born the 17th of
May is now observed annually as World
telecommunications and Information
Society
[Music]
day The Next Step transmitting speech
over the line
in
1876 Alexander Graham Bell gained the US
Patent for the telephone Mr Watson come
here and launched the first telephonic
service 2 years
later new inventions like telephone
exchanges transform telecommunications
and within 10 years some 100 million
phone calls had been made in the 50 itu
member countries itu Drew up the first
International Telephone regulations to
facilitate telecommunic
worldwide more inventions were on the
way the radio practical systems were
developed in the 1890s by poof in Russia
Jagdish Chandra Bose in India and by
Marone in Britain in December 1906
Reginal fessenden made the world's first
audio broadcast to banana boats in the
Atlantic with Christmas music and
readings the first radio regulations
aimed at preventing radio interference
were agreed at an international radio
Telegraph conference that same
year the Titanic disaster in 1912
highlighted the lack of 24-hour radio
communication on ships as well as the
lack of interoperable Standards the
international radio Telegraph conference
in London agreed on a common wavelength
for radio distress
[Music]
signals the international radio
Telegraph conference in 1927 created a
radio consultative committee similar to
the Committees on the Telegraph and the
telephone soon after the conventions on
telegraphy and radio telegraphy were
merged and a new name was adopted the
international telecommunication Union
and itu defined the term
telecommunication for the first time New
Frontiers in technology reached the
stars as radio waves helped observe
celestial objects radio astronomy and
other space Services became part of
itu's
responsibilities with the onset of World
War II the role of telecommunications
was affirmed as critical to war strategy
radio navigation and Direction finding
developed into radar providing accurate
air navigation and detection of enemy
aircraft shortwave broadcasts shored up
the propaganda
War following the war itu helped restore
the immense damage that had been caused
to telecommunications infrastructure
working alongside the newly created
United Nations in 1947 itu became a
specialized United Nations Agency for
telecommunications and in 1948 moved its
headquarters from Baron to Geneva The
Hub of international organizations in
Europe in 1956 the international
Telegraph and telephone consultative
committee ccit was formed Forerunner of
itu's standardization sector to develop
standards related to the Telegraph and
telephone as the space race heated up
sending the first humans into space
satellite communication Services began
with the first phone call from space in
1964 the first geostationary satellite
relayed live pictures of the Tokyo
Olympic Games geostationary satellites
are now the Mainstay of
telecommunications worldwide and itu
allocates orbital slots and radio
frequency spectrum to ensure reliable
interference-free transmission for
meteorology Aeronautics and Broadcasting
against the background of new
Innovations and the coming internet
Revolution itu provided a networking
platform to explore new directions in
information and communication
Technologies in
1971 itu Telecom World opened its doors
as an industry showcase and highlevel
Forum even as icts grew exponentially
itu identified a missing link Gap and
access between countries communities and
people Bridging the digital divide and
making telecommunications universally
accessible became a top priority for itu
itu had a pivotal role in forging the
digital Revolution new technologies were
spawn highdef TV jpeg digital telephones
fiber optic
networks recognition came from Hollywood
in three Emmy Awards for HDTV and
loudness metering and broadcast audio
and a prime time award for itut h.264
video coding for online streaming on
mobile devices the internet Revolution
transformed the world Tim burner Lee
working at CERN created the worldwide
web and made it freely available the
rest is
history itu developed the technical
standards that allow the internet to run
effectively on the telecommunication
platform the itu h.323
standard made it possible for voice
video and data to converge transforming
the world of
telecommunications in 1992 itu's Federal
structure was reinforced as itu became
the third pillar of the Union along with
radio communication itur and
telecommunication standardization
it telecommunication development
received a boost worldwide especially in
developing countries
today mobile devices connect billions
around the globe in 1992 itu allocated
radio spectrum dedicated to mobile
Communications IMT 2000 or 3G became the
global standard The Next Step IMT
advanced was announced in 2012 and work
is underway on developing IMT 2020
setting the stage for 5G Technologies
[Music]
in 2003 the first ever International
Gathering to discuss the potential of
icts took place in Geneva the world
Summit on the Information Society one of
the largest Gatherings of the United
Nations with over 19,000 participants
including nearly 50 heads of government
the second phase of the summit concluded
in Tunis 2 years later with the Geneva
action plan and Tunis agenda providing a
road map to achieve Universal
accessibility and Bridge the digital
divide the wises Forum is held annually
to monitor
progress focused on saving lives the
taree convention facilitated rapid
response and more effective assistance
in the aftermath of natural
disasters as climate change reeks Havoc
around the world with an increase in the
intensity and frequency of natural
disasters icts provide smart solutions
to mitigate those effects itu was
working on green standards aimed at
sustainable development and allocates
radio frequency spectrum for Earth
monitoring satellites and oceanographic
Radars in an increasingly networked
Society strengthening cyber security has
become a priority and itu standards make
networks more resilient and resistant to
attacks itu's Global cyber security
agenda addresses the global response to
cyber
attacks itu's child online protection
initiative aims to ensure a safe online
experience for young people
everywhere fast high capacity
connections to the internet are vital in
achieving the UN sustainable development
goals and itu promotes the roll out of
broadband to connect the world digital
inclusion is an essential part of itu's
mission this means ensuring everyone has
access to to icts especially people with
disabilities and the future in 2015 as
itu celebrates its 150th anniversary a
new team led by Secretary General hulin
Xiao is at the helm enunciating the
vision of itu's membership with a common
action plan strengthening itu as the
United Nations specialized agency for
icts itu provides a high-tech Park
platform for small and medium-sized
Enterprises smmes and young
entrepreneurs recognizing that even tiny
startups in the remotest corners of the
world can come up with the next big
thing in ICT itu steps up the global
effort to bridge the digital divide
connecting people who still do not have
access to Modern communication tools and
reach us out to marginalized communities
and remote settlements eliminating the
stumbling blocks to socioeconomic growth
improving education
healthare and environmental
sustainability by connecting the world
to Communications itu helps make our
world safer more peaceful and
Progressive and contributes to achieving
a sustainable future for all
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