Layers of the atmosphere- Includes temperature and atmospheric pressure
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into Earth's protective atmosphere, detailing its four main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. It explains the composition of the troposphere, where weather occurs, and the temperature changes within each layer. The script highlights the ozone layer's role in the stratosphere, protecting us from ultraviolet rays, and the thermosphere's extreme temperatures. It also touches on the ionosphere and exosphere, emphasizing the atmospheric pressure's impact on Felix Baumgartner's record-breaking freefall jump, illustrating the layers' significance in our daily lives.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The Earth is enveloped by a protective atmosphere that maintains warmth and shields us from cosmic debris.
- 🏔️ The atmosphere is segmented into four main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, each with distinct temperature profiles.
- 🌬️ The troposphere, where we live and weather occurs, is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases like argon.
- ❄️ As altitude increases in the troposphere, the temperature decreases, known as the lapse rate, dropping about 3 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 feet.
- 🌡️ The stratosphere begins at the top of the troposphere and is notable for containing the ozone layer, which protects us from the Sun's ultraviolet rays.
- 🔥 The temperature in the stratosphere increases with altitude due to the warming effect of the ozone layer absorbing ultraviolet light.
- 🌌 Above the stratosphere lies the mesosphere, which is the coldest atmospheric layer, with temperatures dropping to around negative 90 degrees Celsius.
- 🛰️ The mesosphere plays a role in protecting Earth from space debris, as ice crystals can burn up incoming objects.
- 🌌 The thermosphere is the hottest layer, with temperatures ranging from 500 to 1500 degrees Celsius, and is home to the ionosphere and the auroras.
- 📡 The ionosphere, part of the thermosphere, contains electrically charged particles and reflects radio waves, while the exosphere is the outermost layer, extending into space with sparsely distributed gases.
- 🚀 Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, which was demonstrated by Felix Baumgartner's record-breaking freefall from the stratosphere in 2002.
Q & A
What is the primary function of Earth's atmosphere?
-The primary function of Earth's atmosphere is to keep our planet warm and protect us from comets and meteors.
How many layers is the Earth's atmosphere divided into?
-The Earth's atmosphere is divided into four main layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere.
What are the main components of the troposphere?
-The troposphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases including argon.
Why do we not typically notice the atmospheric pressure?
-We don't typically notice the atmospheric pressure because our bodies are accustomed to it, and it is a constant presence in our daily lives.
What is the lapse rate in the troposphere, and how does it affect temperature?
-The lapse rate in the troposphere is the rate at which temperature drops as you go upward, which is about three degrees Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet in elevation.
Where is the ozone layer located, and what does it protect us from?
-The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere and protects us from ultraviolet light rays given off from the Sun.
What is unique about the temperature profile in the stratosphere?
-In the stratosphere, the temperature actually gets warmer as you get higher, due to the absorption of ultraviolet rays by the ozone layer.
How does the mesosphere protect the Earth from space junk?
-The mesosphere protects the Earth from space junk because ice crystals in this layer burn up the space junk as it moves through.
What is the temperature range in the thermosphere?
-The temperature in the thermosphere can range between 500 and 1500 degrees Celsius.
What are the two additional layers of the atmosphere mentioned in the script?
-The two additional layers of the atmosphere mentioned are the ionosphere, which is full of electrically charged atoms and is home to the northern and southern lights, and the exosphere, which is the outermost layer and stretches almost 10,000 kilometers into space.
How does atmospheric pressure change with elevation?
-As you move from the troposphere to the thermosphere, or in other words, as you gain elevation, the atmospheric pressure decreases. Conversely, as you go down in elevation, the atmospheric pressure increases.
Outlines
🌍 Earth's Protective Atmosphere
This paragraph introduces the Earth's atmosphere, emphasizing its role in maintaining warmth and protecting the planet from celestial bodies like comets and meteors. It outlines the four main layers of the atmosphere: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, each distinguished by changes in air temperature. The troposphere, where we live and weather occurs, is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace gases like argon. The temperature in this layer decreases with altitude, a phenomenon known as the lapse rate, dropping approximately 3 degrees Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet of elevation. The paragraph provides a real-world example comparing the average high temperatures of Augusta and Blairsville, illustrating the impact of elevation on temperature. The troposphere extends approximately 10 kilometers from the ground, with temperatures dropping to around -50 degrees Celsius at its upper limit, transitioning into the stratosphere. This layer is notable for containing the ozone layer, which shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun. As one ascends through the stratosphere, temperatures increase due to the warming effect of the ozone layer absorbing UV rays. The stratosphere extends up to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Atmosphere
💡Troposphere
💡Stratosphere
💡Mesosphere
💡Thermosphere
💡Ionosphere
💡Exosphere
💡Lapse Rate
💡Atmospheric Pressure
💡Ozone Layer
💡Space Junk
Highlights
The Earth is surrounded by a protective atmosphere that keeps it warm and protects it from comets and meteors.
The atmosphere is divided into four individual layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
The troposphere contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases, including argon.
Weather occurs in the troposphere, which is where we live.
Atmospheric pressure in the troposphere is significant, but often goes unnoticed.
The lapse rate in the troposphere causes a temperature drop of three degrees Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet in elevation.
The troposphere extends from the ground up to about 10 kilometers.
Temperatures in the stratosphere get warmer with elevation due to the ozone layer absorbing ultraviolet rays.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects us from harmful ultraviolet light rays from the Sun.
The mesosphere is the coldest layer, with temperatures as low as negative 90 degrees Celsius.
The mesosphere protects the Earth from space junk by burning up meteors due to ice crystals.
The thermosphere is the hottest layer, with temperatures ranging from 500 to 1500 degrees Celsius.
The ionosphere, above the thermosphere, contains electrically charged atoms and is home to the northern and southern lights.
The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, stretching almost 10,000 kilometers into space.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with elevation from the troposphere to the thermosphere.
Felix Baumgartner's 2002 freefall parachute jump from the stratosphere broke the sound barrier due to thin atmosphere and low friction.
Moomoomath provides daily math and science videos, including information about atmospheric layers.
Transcripts
the earth is surrounded by a protective
atmosphere it keeps our earth warm and
protects us from comets and meteors this
atmosphere can be divided into four
individuals layers separated by changes
in air temperatures these layers are the
troposphere the stratosphere the
mesosphere and the thermosphere welcome
to moomoomath and science and the layers
of the atmosphere along with the
temperature and atmospheric pressure the
troposphere is composed of 78% nitrogen
21% oxygen and 1% other gases including
argon it is a layer where we live and
it's a layer in which weather occurs the
atmosphere in the troposphere presses
down with a great deal of pressure each
day but many times we don't even notice
this in fact this coat can is crushed by
our atmosphere as you go upward in the
troposphere the temperature drops this
is called the lapse rate and the
temperature drops three degrees
Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet in
elevation for example in my state
Augusta with an elevation of 136 feet
has an average high temperature of 77
degrees and Blairsville is over 3,000
feet in elevation and has an average
high temperature of 68 degrees the
troposphere extends from the ground
about 10 kilometers this is equal to 25
laps around a track at the very top of
the troposphere temperatures drop to
around negative 50 degrees Celsius this
begins our next layer called the
stratosphere the ozone layer is found in
the stratosphere the ozone layer
protects us from ultraviolet light rays
given off from the Sun and as you get
higher in the stratosphere the
temperature actually gets warmer this is
because of the ozone layer absorbs
ultraviolet rays and warms up the
stratosphere at 50 kilometres above the
earth we move to the next layer called
the mesosphere the mesosphere gets
colder as you go up in fact it is the
coldest layer you can have temperatures
as low as negative 90 degrees Celsius
this mesosphere protects the earth from
space junk because of the ice crystals
burn up the Spade space jump as it moves
and extends to about 80 kilometers high
and finally you have the thermosphere
this is very hot in fact it's the
hottest layer and you can have
temperatures between 500 and 1500
degrees Celsius at the very top two
additional layers our atmosphere our the
ionosphere which is full of
electronically electrically charged
atoms and is the home of the northern
and southern lights and it also reflects
back radio waves the exosphere is the
outermost layer of our atmosphere and
stretches almost 10,000 kilometers into
space it is composed of helium and
several heavier molecules including
nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide but
they're spread very far apart it is also
home to the satellite each layer is
classified according to temperature as
you gain elevation in the troposphere
the temperature actually drops the
temperatures range is from around 15
degrees Celsius to negative 45 to 50
degrees Celsius at the top the
temperature of the stratosphere actually
gets warmer with elevation and ranges
from minus 45 to 50 degrees Celsius at
the bottom to zero degrees Celsius at
the top the mesosphere is similar to the
troposphere and the temperature
decreases with elevation the temperature
ranges from zero degrees Celsius to
negative ninety degrees Celsius at the
top and finally the thermosphere
actually gets warmed with elevation the
temperature ranges from negative ninety
degrees at the bottom to over fifteen
hundred degrees at the very very top
also as you move from the troposphere to
thermosphere in other words to get
higher in elevation the atmospheric
pressure decreases so as you go up in
elevation the atmospheric pressure
decreases and as you go down in
elevation the atmospheric pressure
increases in fact in 2002 Felix
Baumgartner completed a freefall
parachute jump from the stratosphere and
during this jump he reached speeds of
over 8,800 miles an hour and even broke
the sound barrier he was able to reach
these speeds because
atmosphere was so thin that there was
very little friction to slow them down
if you'd like to know more about the
atmospheric layers this playlist will
help hennas always thanks for watching
and moomoomath uploads a new math and
science video every day please subscribe
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