Bagaimana cara melakukan penelitian sejarah? | Sejarah Kelas X - EDURAYA MENGAJAR
Summary
TLDRThe video script introduces the speaker as a historian at a cultural preservation institute, embarking on a historical research journey. They emphasize the importance of formulating research questions encompassing the 5Ws and 1H. The script delves into the methods of historical research, distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, and the necessity of verifying their authenticity. It also touches on the analysis of historical sources through interpretation and the concept of historiography, highlighting the researcher's responsibility to remain objective amidst the subjective nature of historical study.
Takeaways
- 🔍 The speaker is a historian who works at a cultural preservation center and is conducting historical research.
- 📝 They start by determining the historical topic and formulating the research question, which should include the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).
- 🚫 Historical research must follow a method, and it cannot be arbitrary.
- 🔬 The first method involves finding and identifying historical sources, which are divided into primary and secondary sources.
- 📚 Primary sources are direct evidence from historical actors, such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photos.
- 🌐 For primary sources related to archives, one can access them through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website.
- 📖 Secondary sources come from non-actors, such as research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books.
- 🏰 An example given is researching a temple, where one must understand its background through secondary sources and then gather primary data by visiting the temple directly.
- 🔍📖 The next step is to verify the authenticity of the historical sources through external criticism (checking accuracy and authenticity) and internal criticism (evaluating credibility).
- 🤔 The speaker then explains the method of analyzing historical sources by interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various sources, such as cause and effect or correlations.
- 🚫 The researcher must be careful not to introduce subjectivity into the interpretation process, as it is limited by the historical facts available.
- 📝 The final method mentioned is historiography, which is the study of the writing of history. For more details, the speaker suggests watching another video.
Q & A
What is the role of the speaker in the video?
-The speaker is a historian who works at a cultural preservation institution and is conducting historical research.
What is the first step in conducting historical research according to the speaker?
-The first step is to determine the historical topic and then formulate the research problem in the form of a question, ensuring it covers the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).
What are the two types of historical sources mentioned in the script?
-The two types of historical sources are primary sources and secondary sources.
Can you provide an example of a primary source from the script?
-Examples of primary sources include diaries, interview documents, historical photos, and objects directly related to historical actors.
How can one access primary sources related to archives, as mentioned in the script?
-One can access primary sources related to archives through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website, unri.co.id.
What are some examples of secondary sources according to the script?
-Examples of secondary sources include research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books that are not directly from the historical actors but from other parties.
What is the importance of visiting a historical site like a temple for research?
-Visiting a historical site directly allows the researcher to obtain primary data such as measurements, photos, and other actual details, which are crucial for the research.
What are the two types of criticism or verification mentioned for historical sources?
-The two types of criticism are external criticism (or authenticity), which checks the accuracy and authenticity of the source, and internal criticism (or credibility), which assesses the credibility of the source.
What is the purpose of the interpretative or explanatory method in historical research?
-The purpose of the interpretative method is to analyze historical sources by interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various historical sources, such as causality or correlation.
What is historiography and why is it important in historical research?
-Historiography is the study of the writing of history and its methods. It is important because it provides an understanding of how history has been interpreted and presented by different historians over time.
What is the potential risk for researchers when using the interpretative method in historical research?
-The potential risk is that researchers might introduce their subjective side into the analysis, which should be strictly based on historical facts and not deviate from them.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Historical Research
The speaker introduces themselves as a historian at a cultural preservation institute and outlines the steps of historical research. They emphasize the importance of identifying a topic, formulating research questions, and covering the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How). The speaker also mentions that historical research requires a methodical approach and cannot be based on conjecture.
🔍 Methods of Historical Research
The speaker explains the first method of historical research, which involves finding and identifying historical sources. They differentiate between primary and secondary sources, giving examples of each. Primary sources are direct evidence from historical actors, such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photographs, while secondary sources are interpretations from non-actors, like research reports and encyclopedias. The speaker also provides a website for accessing Indonesian national archives.
🔎 Verifying Historical Sources
After identifying historical sources, the speaker discusses the process of verifying their authenticity, known as external criticism or authenticity and internal criticism or credibility. External criticism assesses the accuracy and authenticity of the source, while internal criticism evaluates the reliability of the source's content. This step ensures that the historical research is based on reliable and credible evidence.
📝 Analyzing and Interpreting Historical Sources
The speaker moves on to the analysis of historical sources, which involves interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various historical sources. They highlight the importance of identifying causes, effects, and correlations within the verified sources. This process, known as interpretation or explanation, requires the researcher to use their imagination within the constraints of historical facts, being careful not to introduce subjectivity.
🗓️ Historiography in Historical Research
The final method discussed by the speaker is historiography, which involves understanding the history of historical writing itself. This method helps to contextualize the research within the broader scope of how history has been written and interpreted over time. The speaker suggests watching a follow-up video for a more detailed explanation of historiography.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Historian
💡Historical Research
💡5W and 1H
💡Heuristics
💡Primary Sources
💡Secondary Sources
💡National Archives
💡Critique or Verification
💡Interpretation
💡Historiography
💡Subjectivity
Highlights
Introduction to the speaker as a historian and researcher at a cultural preservation institute.
The process of selecting a historical research topic and formulating it into a question.
The necessity of covering the 5Ws and 1H in historical research questions.
The prohibition of arbitrary research in history, emphasizing the need for a methodological approach.
Introduction to the heuristic method of finding historical sources.
Explanation of primary and secondary sources in historical research.
Examples of primary sources such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photos.
Direction on accessing primary sources through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website.
Examples of secondary sources including research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books.
The importance of understanding the background of historical objects like temples through secondary sources.
The necessity of obtaining primary data through direct visits to historical sites.
The process of verifying the authenticity of historical sources through external and internal criticism.
External criticism focuses on the accuracy and authenticity of sources.
Internal criticism assesses the credibility of the sources.
Analyzing historical sources by interpreting and understanding the connections and correlations.
The method of interpretation or explanation in historical research, requiring limited imagination based on historical facts.
The risk of researchers incorporating their subjectivity in the interpretation process.
Introduction to historiography as the final method in historical research.
Encouragement to watch a video for a clearer understanding of historiography.
Closing remarks expressing hope for the usefulness of the information shared and a sign-off.
Transcripts
hai hai
[Musik]
perkenalkan Aku seorang peneliti sejarah
di balai pelestarian cagar budaya di
daerah ku kali ini aku akan melakukan
penelitian sejarah Yap setelah aku
menentukan topik sejarah apa yang benar
aku teliti Aku kemudian membuat rumusan
masalah dalam bentuk pertanyaan
penelitian
pertanyaanku ini tentunya harus mencakup
5W dan 1H ya
oke setelah itu aku bisa mulai melakukan
penelitian sejarah it's tunggu ternyata
dalam penelitian sejarah itu tidak boleh
sembarangan loh harus ada metode yang
dilakukan
kira-kira apa saja ya metode nya metode
pertama yang dilakukan para peneliti
sejarah sepertiku ini yaitu mencari dan
menemukan sumber-sumber sejarah yang
bukan metode ini bisa kamu sebut dengan
heuristik sumber yang bisa digunakan itu
terbagi menjadi dua yaitu sumber primer
dan sumber sekunder yuk akan aku
tunjukkan Apa itu sumber-sumber tersebut
nah di atas meja go ini ada catatan
harian dokumen-dokumen hasil wawancara
dan foto-foto sejarah barang-barang
inilah yang merupakan contoh dari sumber
primer dimana sumber primer ini
merupakan sumber yang berasal langsung
dari para pelaku sejarah apabila kamu
memerlukan sumber primer terkait dengan
arsip kamu bisa mengakses melalui
website lembaga Arsip Nasional Republik
Indonesia Yaitu
unri.co.id seperti ini ya sedangkan yang
aku bawa ini berupa laporan penelitian
ensiklopedia catatan lapangan peneliti
dan buku Kalau barang-barang ini
Hai dari sumber sekunder loh sumber
sekunder ini merupakan sumber yang
berasal dari pihak yang bukan pelaku
sejarah melainkan pihak lain di luar
para pelaku sejarah sebagai contohnya
misalnya nih Kamu ingin meneliti satu
Candi kamu harus mengetahui latar
belakang Candi tersebut melalui laporan
penelitian atau hukum
lalu untuk mendapatkan ukuran foto dan
hal-hal lain yang aktual kamu perlu
mendapatkan data primer sehingga kamu
harus mengunjungi Candi tersebut secara
langsung
oke setelah selesai selanjutnya yang
akan aku lakukan yaitu membuktikan
keaslian sumber sejarah yang diperoleh
atau kamu biasa menyebutnya dengan
kritik atau verifikasi ada dua macam
kritik yang perlu kamu ketahui ada
kritik ekstern atau otentisitas
dimana kritik ini dilakukan terhadap
keakuratan dan keaslian sumber sedangkan
kritik intern atau kredibilitas ini
merupakan kritik terhadap kredibilitas
sumber langkah selanjutnya yaitu aku
akan menganalisis sumber sejarah dengan
menafsir dan memahami makna keterkaitan
dari berbagai sumber sejarah Apakah ada
sebab akibatnya ataupun ada korelasinya
dari sumber sejarah yang telah
diverifikasi nah metode penelitian
sejarah ini bisa kamu sebut dengan
interpretasi atau explain pada metode
ini peneliti dituntut untuk berimajinasi
yang terbatas artinya batasan disini itu
berupa fakta-fakta sejarah yang ada
tidak boleh menyimpang sehingga peneliti
harus sangat berhati-hati karena Disini
sangat rentan bagi peneliti untuk
memasukkan Sisi subjektivitasnya dan
metode terakhir dari penelitian sejarah
ini berupa historiografi Apa itu ya
untuk lebih jelas ia simak video
Selanjutnya ya semoga bermanfaat sampai
jumpa di
[Musik]
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