Masa Pemerintahan Daendels (1808 - 1811) Di Indonesia || Materi Sejarah Lengkap
Summary
TLDRThe script narrates the historical period of Dutch East India Company (VOC), its collapse in 1799, and Indonesia's subsequent transition into the era of the Batavian Republic under French influence. It focuses on the tenure of Herman Willem Daendels as Governor-General of Java from 1808-1811, detailing his military and administrative reforms, including the construction of fortifications, roads, and judicial systems. Daendels' efforts to strengthen Java's defenses against British attacks and his impact on the region's governance and economy are highlighted, culminating in his replacement by Willem Janssens and the eventual British occupation of Java in 1811.
Takeaways
- 🏴☠️ The Dutch East India Company (VOC) collapsed in 1799, leading to a period of decline for the Dutch in Indonesia.
- 🌍 After the VOC's fall, Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, entered a new phase of its history under the governance of the Batavian Republic, influenced by the French Revolution and Napoleon's rise to power.
- 👑 Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in France led to the establishment of the Batavian Republic, which included the Netherlands and its colonies, including Indonesia.
- 🛡️ Herman Willem Daendels, known as the Marshal Guntur or Mas Galak, was appointed as the Governor-General of Java from 1808 to 1811, with a focus on strengthening defenses against potential British attacks.
- 🏰 Daendels initiated the construction of new fortifications, military schools, and arms factories to bolster Java's defenses.
- 🛤️ A significant achievement of Daendels was the construction of the 'Jalan Raya Pos' or 'Korto Pos Swag', a 1000 km road from Anyer to Panarukan, built within a year.
- 👥 The construction of the road involved forced labor from the Indonesian population, resulting in many deaths.
- 🏛️ Daendels reformed the administrative system in Java, dividing it into prefectures and districts, with European and Indonesian officials in various positions.
- 👑 He limited the power of traditional rulers in the archipelago, transforming local governance and introducing a salaried bureaucracy.
- 📚 Daendels established a centralized system of governance and a judicial system with three types of courts for different groups: Europeans, foreign Asians, and indigenous people.
- 💰 To increase revenue, Daendels implemented tax collection, land sales to private individuals, and compulsory agricultural deliveries, as well as maximizing forest management through a forestry agency.
- 🏁 Daendels was eventually replaced by Willem Janssens after the British attacked Java, and he surrendered it to the British under the Treaty of Tuntang in August 1811.
- ⚰️ Herman Willem Daendels passed away on May 2, 1818, at the age of 55, with some suggesting his death was due to malaria.
Q & A
What event marked the beginning of a new chapter in Indonesia's history?
-The dissolution of the Dutch trading company, VOC, in 1799 marked a new chapter in Indonesia's history.
Who took control of Indonesia after the collapse of the VOC?
-After the collapse of the VOC, Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, came under the control of the Batavian Republic, which was under French influence.
Why was Herman Willem Daendels sent to Java, and what was his main responsibility?
-Herman Willem Daendels was sent to Java to strengthen defenses against a potential British invasion, with his main responsibility being the fortification of Java.
What was Herman Willem Daendels' nickname, and what role did he play in Java?
-Herman Willem Daendels was nicknamed 'Marsekal Guntur' (Marshal Thunder). He served as the Governor-General of Java from 1808 to 1811.
What important infrastructure project did Daendels initiate in Java, and what was its significance?
-Daendels initiated the construction of the Great Post Road (Jalan Raya Pos) from Anyer to Panarukan, a 1,000 km road built to improve communication and defense in Java.
What was the impact of building the Great Post Road on the local population?
-The construction of the Great Post Road led to the death of many Indonesian laborers due to harsh working conditions.
How did Daendels reorganize the administrative system in Java?
-Daendels implemented a centralized administrative system, dividing Java into nine prefectures led by Europeans, with local regents becoming salaried government officials.
What changes did Daendels introduce in the judicial system?
-Daendels created three types of courts: one for Europeans, one for foreign Asians, and one for native Indonesians.
What actions did Daendels take to combat corruption during his administration?
-Daendels introduced measures to combat corruption without discrimination, targeting officials involved in corrupt practices.
What happened to Daendels after his time as Governor-General of Java?
-Daendels was replaced by Jan Willem Janssens, and after leaving Java, he passed away on May 2, 1818, at the age of 55, reportedly due to malaria.
Outlines
📜 The Collapse of VOC and Rise of the Bataaf Republic
The Dutch trading company VOC went bankrupt and was dissolved in 1799, marking a significant shift in Indonesian history. After the VOC's fall, Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, entered a new phase under the rule of the Bataaf Republic, which was controlled by France. To defend Java from potential British attacks, Herman Willem Daendels was sent to govern the region. Daendels, known as the 'Thunder Marshal,' governed Java from 1808 to 1811. His rule was tied to the broader European political landscape, including the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power. In 1795, the French invaded the Netherlands, forcing King Willem V to flee to England, leading to the establishment of the Bataaf Republic, a part of France. This new republic had a short but impactful existence, influencing both the Netherlands and its colonies, including Indonesia. The political changes in France, especially with Napoleon's rise, eventually led to the dissolution of the Bataaf Republic and its replacement by the Kingdom of Holland in 1806, under the leadership of Napoleon's brother, Louis Napoleon.
🛡️ Daendels' Reforms and Military Focus in Java
Herman Willem Daendels arrived in Batavia (now Jakarta) on January 5, 1808, to assume the role of Governor-General. His primary mission was to strengthen Java's defenses against potential British attacks. Daendels initiated various military and administrative reforms, including building new fortresses, establishing a military school in Batavia, constructing weapons factories in Surabaya and Semarang, and setting up a naval base in Ujung Kulon. He also expanded the military by recruiting local Indonesians and encouraged the formation of the Mangkunegaran Legion. One of Daendels' most famous projects was the construction of the 1,000 km Great Post Road from Anyer to Panarukan, completed in just one year (1808-1809). This project, however, led to the death of many Indonesians. Daendels also centralized the government, dividing Java into nine prefectures, each headed by a European, with Indonesian regents now serving as salaried government employees rather than traditional rulers. His reforms extended to the judiciary, where he established separate courts for Europeans, foreign Orientals, and natives. To combat corruption, Daendels introduced strict measures, including the collection of taxes, land sales, and the regulation of forestry. Despite his efforts, Daendels' tenure ended in 1811 when he was replaced by Jan Willem Janssens, who failed to defend Java from the British invasion, leading to the island's cession to Britain in the Treaty of Tuntang. Daendels died in 1818, with some accounts suggesting he succumbed to malaria.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie)
💡Republik Bataaf (Batavian Republic)
💡Herman Willem Daendels
💡Napoleon Bonaparte
💡Great Post Road (Jalan Raya Pos)
💡British Invasion of Java
💡Legiun Mangkunegaran
💡Centralized Administration
💡Anti-Corruption Measures
💡Perjanjian Tuntang (Treaty of Tuntang)
Highlights
The Dutch trading company VOC went bankrupt and was dissolved in 1799, leading to a new era in Indonesian history under the Batavian Republic controlled by France.
The Batavian Republic ruled Indonesia after the fall of the VOC, marking a significant shift in governance due to the French control of the Netherlands.
Herman Willem Daendels was appointed Governor-General of Java from 1808 to 1811, known as the 'Thunder Marshal' for his authoritative rule.
Daendels was sent to Java to strengthen its defenses against a possible British invasion, a priority during the Napoleonic Wars.
Daendels constructed new military fortifications, including Fort Cornelis, and built a military school in Batavia and a weapons factory in Surabaya.
The most famous of Daendels' efforts was the construction of the Great Post Road, a 1,000-kilometer road from Anyer to Panarukan, built between 1808 and 1809.
The construction of the Great Post Road led to significant suffering for the local Indonesian population, with many deaths due to forced labor.
Daendels implemented a centralized government system in Java, dividing the island into nine prefectures headed by Europeans.
Under Daendels' rule, the traditional authority of local regents was diminished as they were converted into salaried government employees.
Daendels sought to limit the power of local rulers, which led to resistance from figures like Raden Rangga and Sultan Hamengkubuwono.
In an effort to enforce the rule of law, Daendels established separate courts for Europeans, foreign Asians, and native Indonesians.
Daendels introduced anti-corruption measures to ensure transparency in governance, targeting officials without discrimination.
To increase revenue, Daendels imposed taxes, encouraged the cultivation of cash crops, and sold land to private parties.
Daendels also reformed forestry management, establishing a forestry department to maximize the exploitation of natural resources.
After three years as Governor-General, Daendels was replaced by Jan Willem Janssens in 1811, just before the British successfully invaded Java.
Transcripts
Hai kongsi dagang Belanda yakni VOC
bangkrut dan dibubarkan pada tahun
1799
sejak saat itu Indonesia yang kalah itu
bernama hindia-belanda mengalami babak
baru dalam perjalanan sejarahnya sejak
VOC runtuh maka Indonesia masuk pada
masa pemerintahan Republik Bataaf di
bawah kendali Perancis Kemudian untuk
mempertahankan wilayah Jawa dari
serangan Inggris Maka dikirimlah Herman
Willem Daendels
hai hai
yo yo
Kyuhyun menggenggam
[Musik]
Hai Herman Willem Daendels adalah
Gubernur Jenderal yang mendapat julukan
Marsekal Guntur atau Mas galak ia
memerintah Jawa sekitar tiga tahun yakni
dari tahun
1808-1811
pemerintahan Daendels di Jawa diawali
dengan pembentukan Republik Bataaf yang
juga erat kaitannya dengan peristiwa
Revolusi Perancis dan naiknya Napoleon
Bonaparte sebagai Kaisar Perancis
Hai
sejak tahun 1795 pasukan Perancis
menyerbu Belanda pada saat itu raja
Willem 5 melarikan diri ke Inggris
Belanda kemudian dikuasai oleh Perancis
Belanda pun mengalami revolusi
pemerintahan dari kerajaan menjadi
Republik
Hai pemerintahan baru tersebut merupakan
bagian dari Perancis yang dinamakan
Republik Bataaf
Hai riwayat Republik Batavia sendiri
berlangsung singkat namun pengaruhnya
amat terasa bagi Belanda maupun
negara-negara jajahannya termasuk Hindia
Timur atau Indonesia
Hai kembali berubahnya situasi politik
di Perancis dengan berdirinya ke kisaran
dibawah pimpinan Napoleon Bonaparte
sejak tahun
1814 dampak terhadap eksistensi Republik
Batavia
Hai Republik di Belanda yang baru
berumur sebelas tahun itu dibubarkan
pada tahun
1866 polyone menggantinya dengan kingdom
Holland atau kerajaan hollandia
Napoleon menugaskan adik kandungnya
yakni Louis Napoleon untuk memimpin
kerajaan oleh India ia kemudian mengirim
Herman Willem Daendels kentara dengan
begitu dapatlah dipahami Bahwa saat itu
Indonesia khususnya Jawa berada dibawah
kekuasaan Perancis
Hai dendels tiba di Batavia atau Jakarta
pada 5 Januari tahun
1808 dan mengambil alih jabatan gubernur
jenderal dari Albert Ways
di dalam buku orang Indonesia dan orang
Perancis dari abad ke-16 sampai dengan
abad 20 disebutkan bahwa tugas utama
Daendels adalah memperkuat pertahanan
sebagai antisipasi jika Inggris datang
menyerang maka kebijakan utama Daendels
di Indonesia khususnya di Jawa berfokus
pada pertahanan dan keamanan serta
membenahi sistem administrasi di Jawa
hai hai hai hai
di dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas
mempertahankan Jawa dari serangan
Inggris dan Los membangun
benteng-benteng pertahanan baru seperti
benteng Mister Cornelis membangun
sekolah militer di Batavia membangun
pabrik senjata di Surabaya bangun pabrik
meriam di Semarang membangun pangkalan
Angkatan Laut di Ujung Kulon dan hanyar
kemudian Daendels pun meningkatkan
jumlah tentara dengan merekrut
orang-orang Indonesia
di atas juga mendorong Mangkunegara dua
untuk membentuk pasukan militer yang
dikenal dengan legiun Mangkunegaran
Hai upaya yang paling terkenal yang
dilakukan Daendels dalam pertahanan
adalah membangun jalan raya pos atau
kroto pos Swag dari Anyer sampai
Panarukan
Hai jalan sepanjang 1000 km itu dibangun
dalam waktu satu tahun yakni tahun
1808-1809
Hai pembangunan Jalan Raya Pos ini
melibatkan rakyat Indonesia oleh karena
itu tidak heran banyak sekali rakyat
Indonesia yang mati akibat pembangunan
Jalan Raya Pos
Hai kendos juga melakukan berbagai
perubahan di bidang pemerintahan pada
masa pemerintahannya ia menerapkan
sistem pemerintahan sentralistik
Daendels membagi Jawa ke dalam 9
prefektur yang dikepalai oleh orang
Eropa di bawah perfektur tersebut
terdapat beberapa kebupaten yang
dikepalai oleh orang Indonesia
pada masa Daendels kedudukan Bupati
bukan lagi sebagai penguasa tradisional
tetapi diubah menjadi pegawai pemerintah
yang digaji
Hai bendos juga membatasi kekuasaan para
raja di nusantara
Hai campur tangan Daendels dalam
pemerintahan Ini menimbulkan penentangan
salah satunya yang dilakukan oleh Raden
Rangga dan Sultan Hamengkubuwono
hai hai
Hai untuk menertibkan hukum Daendels
membentuk lembaga peradilan ia membentuk
tiga jenis lembaga peradilan yang
pertama adalah peradilan untuk orang
Eropa yang kedua adalah peradilan untuk
orang-orang Timur asing dan yang ketiga
adalah keadilan untuk orang-orang
pribumi
Hai selain itu denors juga menerapkan
aturan untuk memberantas korupsi tanpa
pandang bulu
hai hai
Hai untuk meningkatkan pemasukan uang
Daendels melakukan pemungutan pajak dan
penjualan tanah kepada swasta
meningkatkan penanaman tanaman yang laku
di pasar dunia rakyat juga diharuskan
untuk melaksanakan penyerahan wajib
hasil pertanian mereka serta melakukan
penjualan tanah kepada pihak swasta
Selain itu Daendels juga mengatur urusan
hutan ia membentuk lembaga pengurus
hutan agar dapat memaksimalkan hasil
pengolahan hutan
23 tahun menjabat sebagai Gubernur
Jendral di Jawa Herman Willem Daendels
akhirnya digantikan oleh yang Willem
janssens yang terusir dari Tanjung
Harapan Afrika karena kalah dari Inggris
masih yang sama terulang kembali Inggris
masuk dan menyerang Jawa dansen tak
mampu Menghadang Inggris Bahkan ia
menyerahkan Jawa kepada Inggris lewat
perjanjian Tuntang pada Agustus tahun
1811 Sejak saat itulah Jawa menjadi
wilayah kekuasaan Inggris sementara itu
Daendels sendiri meninggal pada dua Mei
tahun
1818 Pada usia lima puluh lima tahun
mengenai kematian Yang Tersendiri ada
yang menyebutkan ia m Gegana tiba
terserang malaria
hai hai
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