Curso completo de Raciocínio Lógico para Concursos Públicos 2019 - Pedro Evaristo, Aula 01

Summary

Professor Pedro Favaretto introduces a captivating web class on logical reasoning, emphasizing its importance for cognitive development and problem-solving. He connects logic with subjects like mathematics, Portuguese, and philosophy, highlighting the need for clear communication and structured thinking. The class covers theoretical aspects and exercises, including logical sequences, truths and lies, propositional algebra, and logical diagrams. Examples of numerical sequences, like arithmetic and geometric progressions, are explored to demonstrate the predictive power of logic in various contexts, including nature's patterns and the golden ratio.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script is a lecture by Professor Pedro Favaretto, introducing the topic of logical reasoning as an exciting and empowering cognitive development tool.
• 📚 The course aims to develop students' thinking power through logical reasoning, which is not only important for exams but also for forming better thinking habits.
• 🔗 The professor highlights the connection between logic, mathematics, Portuguese language, and philosophy, emphasizing the importance of clear communication and logical thought.
• 📈 The lecture covers various aspects of logical reasoning, including logical sequences, truths and lies, propositional algebra, logical diagrams, and propositional logic analysis.
• 🔢 The script explains the concept of sequences, both arithmetic and geometric, and how they can be represented not only numerically but also through objects or figures.
• 💡 The importance of creating hypotheses and logical patterns to predict the next element in a sequence is discussed, with examples provided to illustrate different reasoning methods.
• 📉 The script also touches on the idea that not all sequences follow simple arithmetic or geometric patterns and that some may require more complex logical reasoning to solve.
• 🎓 The professor uses various examples to demonstrate how different people might approach the same sequence with different reasoning but arrive at the same result, emphasizing the importance of well-structured logical problems.
• 🌐 The Fibonacci sequence is mentioned as an example of a naturally occurring pattern with numerous applications and significance in art, architecture, and nature.
• 🎨 The 'golden ratio' (1.618) is introduced as a divine proportion found in various aspects of nature and human-made structures, highlighting its aesthetic and functional importance.
• 📝 The script concludes with an example of a logic puzzle from a competition, where the task is to find the sum of elements in the last cycle of a sequence based on a logical pattern.

Q & A

Who is the host of the web class in the script?

The host of the web class is Professor Pedro Favaretto.

What is the main subject of the web class described in the script?

The main subject of the web class is logical reasoning, which is described as a beautiful, contagious, exciting, and divine subject.

What are the three disciplines that the professor mentions as having a strong connection to logical reasoning?

The three disciplines mentioned are Mathematics, Portuguese (the language), and Philosophy.

What is the role of Philosophy in the context of logical reasoning as per the script?

Philosophy is considered the science of thinking, specifically thinking in a logical and organized manner to reach conclusions.

How is the course on logical reasoning structured according to the script?

The course is divided into a theoretical part and an exercise part, covering important aspects directly linked to logical reasoning such as logical sequences, truths and lies, propositional algebra, and logical diagrams.

What is an arithmetic sequence, as mentioned in the script?

An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers where the same number is consistently added to the previous term to get the next term.

What is a geometric sequence and how is it represented in the script?

A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers where each term is consistently multiplied by the same number to get the next term. In the script, it is represented by a sequence starting with 2 and then each term is tripled.

What is the significance of the Fibonacci sequence mentioned in the script?

The Fibonacci sequence is significant because it has numerous applications in nature and is known for its appearance in the movie 'The Da Vinci Code'. It also has a connection to the golden ratio, which is approximately 1.618.

What is the golden ratio and why is it considered divine in the script?

The golden ratio is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 1.618. It is considered divine because it is found in various proportions in nature and is believed to represent aesthetically pleasing and harmonious proportions.

How does the script describe the process of discovering the next term in a sequence?

The script describes the process as creating a hypothesis, trying different approaches, and using logical reasoning to predict the next term without necessarily needing to know all the previous terms.

What is the significance of the 'last cycle' in the context of the final example in the script?

The 'last cycle' refers to the final set of numbers in a sequence that follows a specific logical pattern. The task is to determine the sum of the elements in this last cycle based on the identified pattern.