Production of Speech Sounds_Lesson 1
Summary
TLDRThis introductory lecture delves into the speech production mechanism, explaining how language is communicated through speech sounds. It covers the basics of phonetics, distinguishing between vowels and consonants, and the role of various organs in speech. The lecture highlights the importance of the vocal cords, air stream, and mouth cavity shape in sound articulation, providing insights into the creation of voiced and voiceless sounds. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of the air stream, vocal cord state, and positions of the soft palate, tongue, and lips in speech sound production.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ Language is a system of communication that includes speech, written language, visual symbols, and nonverbal cues.
- 📚 The smallest meaningful unit in language is called a morpheme, which is composed of phonemes or distinct sounds.
- 🎶 Phonetics is the scientific study of speech sounds and is intrinsic to understanding the speech mechanism.
- 🌬️ Speech sounds are produced by an air stream from the lungs, passing through the vocal apparatus.
- 🎙️ The vocal cords vibrate to produce voice, which is a key component in the production of speech sounds.
- 📊 Speech sounds are categorized into vowels and consonants, with vowels being voiced and consonants being either voiced or voiceless.
- 👄 The shape of the oral cavity, which affects sound production, is determined by the position of the tongue and lips.
- 🔊 Vowel sounds are produced with an unobstructed air passage, allowing for continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration.
- 🔧 Consonant sounds involve the obstruction or narrowing of the air passage, which may or may not involve vocal cord vibration.
- 👅 The tongue has three sections (blade, tip, and body) that interact with the roof of the mouth to produce different consonant sounds.
- 🏭 To describe a speech sound, one must consider the air stream, the state of the vocal cords, and the positions of the soft palate, tongue, and lips.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the introductory lecture on speech mechanism?
-The lecture focuses on understanding how speech sounds are produced and the basic difference between vowel and consonant sounds in terms of articulation.
What is language according to the lecture?
-Language is a system of communication that includes speech, written language, visual symbols, and various aspects of nonverbal communication such as body language, facial expressions, gestures, and postures.
What are morphemes in the context of language?
-Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a particular language, which are used to construct words.
What is phonetics and how does it relate to speech mechanism?
-Phonetics is the scientific and systematic study of speech sounds. The speech mechanism is an intrinsic part of phonetics, dealing with the production of speech sounds.
What provides the energy for the production of speech sound?
-The energy for the production of speech sound is provided by the air stream that comes out of the lungs.
What is the glottis and its role in speech production?
-The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords. It plays a crucial role in speech production as it can be tightly closed or held open, affecting the passage of air and the production of sound.
How are vowel sounds different from consonant sounds in terms of voice production?
-Vowel sounds are always voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their production. Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, depending on whether the vocal cords vibrate or not.
What are the two main categories of speech sounds?
-The two main categories of speech sounds are vowel sounds and consonant sounds.
How does the shape of the mouth cavity affect speech sound production?
-The shape of the mouth cavity, which depends on the position of the tongue and lips, affects the production of speech sounds by altering the resonance and the flow of air.
What are the three sections of the roof of the mouth?
-The three sections of the roof of the mouth are the alveolar ridge (just behind the upper teeth), the hard palate, and the soft palate, with the end of the soft palate being called the uvula.
How do the positions of the tongue and lips contribute to the production of different sounds?
-The tongue can be positioned in various ways (e.g., against the teeth, near the palate, etc.) and the lips can be brought together or kept apart, spread, neutral, open, or rounded, all of which contribute to the articulation of different consonant and vowel sounds.
Outlines
🗣 Introduction to Speech Mechanism
This paragraph introduces the lecture's focus on the production of speech sounds and the distinction between vowels and consonants. It explains that language is a complex system involving speech, written symbols, and nonverbal cues. Morphemes, the smallest meaningful units in language, are composed of phonemes or distinct sounds, which are the core of phonetics—the scientific study of speech sounds. The paragraph also describes the physiological process of speech production, involving the organs of speech and the role of the vocal cords in creating voiced sounds. Vowels and consonants are differentiated based on the presence or absence of vocal cord vibration and the shape of the oral cavity during articulation.
👄 Articulation and Speech Sound Production
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of articulation, discussing the role of the oral cavity, including the hard and soft palates, and how the position of the soft palate affects nasal sounds. It details the functions of the lips and tongue in sound production, describing the various positions and movements that create different consonant sounds. The tongue is divided into sections—the blade, tip, front, and back—which interact with the roof of the mouth to articulate speech sounds. The summary concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding the air stream, vocal cord state, and positions of the soft palate, tongue, and lips in describing the articulation of both vowel and consonant sounds.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Speech Mechanism
💡Phonetics
💡Morphemes
💡Vowel Sounds
💡Consonant Sounds
💡Voiced and Voiceless
💡Oral Cavity
💡Articulation
💡Glottis
💡Air Stream
💡Nasal Sounds
Highlights
Introduction to the lecture on speech mechanism and production of speech sounds.
Explanation of language as a system of communication involving speech, written language, and nonverbal cues.
Definition of morphemes as the smallest meaningful units in language, composed of phonemes or distinct sounds.
Introduction to phonetics as the scientific study of speech sounds.
Description of the speech mechanism involving various organs like lips, teeth, tongue, and mouth.
Explanation of the air stream from the lungs as the energy source for speech sound production.
Details on the larynx, vocal cords, and the process of voice production through vocal cord vibration.
Classification of speech sounds into vowels and consonants with examples.
Differentiation between voiced and voiceless sounds, with all vowels being voiced.
Discussion on the oral cavity's role in speech sound production, including the division into three sections.
Importance of the soft palate in distinguishing between nasal and non-nasal sounds.
Articulation of sounds using the lips in various positions such as close, apart, spread, neutral, open, or rounded.
Division of the tongue into three sections and its role in producing different consonant sounds.
Summary of the factors needed to describe speech sound articulation: air stream nature, vocal cord state, and positions of the soft palate, tongue, and lips.
Anticipation of more lectures in the area of phonetics to deepen understanding.
Conclusion and thanks for listening to the introductory lecture on speech mechanism.
Transcripts
dear students welcome to this
introductory lecture on the speech
mechanism that is production of speech
sounds this lecture shall enable the
students to understand how speech sounds
are produced as well as the basic
difference between vowel sounds and
consonant sounds as far as articulation
is concerned so let us begin language is
a syst system of communication through
speech written language visual symbols
as well as different aspects of
nonverbal communication like body
language facial expressions gestures and
postures when we speak we utter
sentences these sentences are made up of
words words are again made up of
morphemes now what are morphemes
morphe is the smallest meaningful unit
in a particular language and the
morphemes are again made up of smaller
units known as phes or distinct sounds
in a
language this lecture will primarily
deal with the mechanism of the
production of speech sounds in a
particular language the scientific and
systematic study of speech sounds is
known as phonetics th speech mechanism
is an intrinsic part of the area of
study which is known as
phonetics now let us consider a single
utterance a single utterance is the
result of a series of operations
involving the different organs of speech
like lips teeth tongue mouth Etc the
energy for the production of speech
sound is provided by the Air Stream that
comes out of the lungs just at the top
of the wind pipe or the tracha is the
larynx containing the vocal cords or the
vocal folds the vocal cords can be
brought together or kept apart and the
opening between them is called the
glotus g l o t t i s for instance when
we cough the glotus is tightly closed
and the air from the lungs is unable to
pass through and is held up beneath it
and then suddenly released whereas while
we breathe out the glaus is held open
that is the vocal cords are kept apart
and not brought
together when the vocal cords are very
closely held together and when the air
from the lungs passes between them the
vocal cords
vibrate this vibration of the vocal
cords produces
Voice Now speech sounds are broadly
classified into two important categories
that is the vowel sounds and the
consonant sounds for example in the word
bad b a d bad the initial and the final
sounds are two consonant sounds B and du
and the middle sound is a v Vel sound
that is a similarly in the word hot h o
t hot the initial and the final sounds
are the two consonant sounds H and T and
the middle sound is a vowel sound
o now in the production of the vowel
sounds the air from the lungs comes out
in a continuous stream through the mouth
and the vocal cords vibrate to produce
voice speech sounds can either be voiced
or voiceless th we may see that all
vowel sounds are
voiced unlike the consonant sounds there
is no closure of the air passage and
also no narrowing that would cause
friction in case of the vowel sounds
whereas the consonant sounds are either
voiced or voiceless depending upon
whether the vocal cords vibrate or do
not
vibrate now let let us try to get the
picture of our oral cavity our mouth
cavity the shape of the mouth cavity
always depends on the position of the
tongue and lips if we stand in front of
the mirror and open our mouth widely we
will notice that the roof of our mouth
is divided into three parts or three
sections they are the alular rich or the
ti rich which is just behind the upper
teeth the hard pallet and the soft
pallet the end of which is called the
uula when the soft pallet is lowed the
air from the lungs escapes through the
nose this is the normal position in
breathing if no air escapes through the
mouth then a nasal sound is produced for
instance m
n in the word
man now let us try to understand the two
organs of articulation that is lips and
tongue while articulating various sounds
the lips can be held close together or
kept far apart those lips can be spread
it can be neutral it can also be open or
rounded if we observe our tongue closely
we will notice that the tongue can be
said to have three
sections the part that is opposite to
the teeth Rd is called the blade of the
tongue the end of which is called the
tip of the tongue the part that is
opposite to the heart pallet is called
the front of the tongue and the part
opposite to the soft pallet is called
the back of the tongue the various parts
of the tongue can make a contact with or
can be brought very near towards the
roof of the mouth in order to produce
different consonant
sounds thus to sum up this introductory
lecture on speech mechanism it can be
said that in order to describe the
production or the articulation of a
speech sound either a vowel sound or a
consonant sound we have to indicate
firstly the nature of the Air Stream
secondly the state of the vocal cords
and finally the position s of the soft
palette the tongue as well as the
lips Hope to come up with more lectures
in the area of Fanatics thanks for
listening
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)