🥇 SISTEMA DIGESTIVO en 16 Minutos!!. ¡Fácil y Sencillo!
Summary
TLDREste video de 'Easy Anatomy by Juan José Sánchez' ofrece una introducción general al sistema digestivo, explicando que consiste en un conjunto de órganos encargados de la digestión y absorción de nutrientes de los alimentos. Se describe el proceso de digestión desde la boca hasta el intestino grueso, incluyendo la función de las glándulas salivales, hígado, y páncreas, y cómo estas estructuras contribuyen a la disminución de la acidez y la digestión de lípidos, proteínas y carbohidratos. El objetivo es destacar la importancia del sistema digestivo para la supervivencia y la captura de nutrientes esenciales.
Takeaways
- 🍲 El sistema digestivo es un conjunto de órganos encargados del proceso de digestión de los alimentos.
- 🌱 La digestión es la transformación de los alimentos para aprovechar sus nutrientes, como glucidos, proteínas y lípidos.
- 🐄 Los sistemas digestivos varían entre los organismos vivos, adaptándose a su dieta, ya sea herbívora, carnívora o omnivora.
- 👄 El tracto digestivo comienza en la boca, donde los dientes y la lengua comienzan el proceso de trituración y mezcla de los alimentos.
- 👅 Las glándulas salivales producen saliva que ayuda a compactar los alimentos formando la bolus, preparándolos para la deglución.
- 🔄 El proceso de peristaltismo es una serie de movimientos rítmicos que empujan la bolus a lo largo del tracto digestivo.
- 🔪 El estómago actúa como una dilatación del tracto, donde los ácidos clorhídricos ayudan a la disolución de los alimentos y a la neutralización de microorganismos.
- 🧪 El intestino delgado tiene tres secciones principales: el duodeno, el yeyuno y el ileón, donde ocurre la mayor parte de la absorción de nutrientes.
- 🌀 El intestino grueso, incluyendo el colon y el recto, tiene funciones de absorción, principalmente de agua, y tiene una función inmunológica.
- 🏭 Las glándulas anexas, como las glándulas salivales, hígado, vesícula y páncreas, producen sustancias que ayudan en la digestión.
- 📈 El sistema digestivo es un sistema abierto que comienza en la boca y termina en el ano, y es esencial para la supervivencia de las especies.
Q & A
¿Qué es el sistema digestivo y qué función cumple?
-El sistema digestivo es el conjunto de órganos encargados del proceso de digestión, es decir, la transformación de los alimentos consumidos para aprovechar los nutrientes que los constituyen.
¿Por qué es importante la dentadura en el proceso digestivo?
-La dentadura es importante porque inicia el proceso de trituración de los alimentos; los dientes incisivos cortan y los moles trituran la comida, facilitando su posterior digestión.
¿Qué papel juega la lengua en la digestión y cómo?
-La lengua tiene una función motora que impulsa el bolo hacia atrás y ayuda a organizar el bolo en la boca, además de contener las papilas gustativas que nos permiten seleccionar los alimentos que ingerir.
¿Cómo es importante la saliva en el proceso digestivo?
-La saliva es crucial ya que compacta los alimentos masticados formando el bolo, y contiene enzimas que ayudan a iniciar la digestión.
¿Qué sucede en la faringe durante la deglutación y cómo evitamos que la comida entre en la traquea?
-Durante la deglutación, la epiglotis se baja y cierra la entrada a la laringe, evitando que la comida entre en la traquea y permitiéndola pasar al esófago.
¿Cuál es la función principal del esófago en el sistema digestivo?
-El esófago es un tubo muscular que propulsa el bolo hacia el estómago a través de movimientos peristálticos.
¿Cómo ayuda el estómago en la digestión de los alimentos?
-El estómago almacena el bolo y lo somete a un ambiente ácido mediante las jugos gástricos, lo que ayuda a la disolución y digestión de los alimentos.
¿Cuáles son las tres partes principales del intestino delgado y cuál es su función principal?
-Las tres partes principales del intestino delgado son el duodeno, el yeyuno y el ileon. Su función principal es la absorción de nutrientes y la digestión continua de los alimentos.
¿Qué es el papel de la vesícula biliar y la bilis en la digestión?
-La vesícula biliar almacena la bilis producida por el hígado. La bilis se vacía en el duodeno y ayuda en la digestión de las grasas y a reducir la acidez de los alimentos.
¿Cuál es la función del páncreas en el sistema digestivo?
-El páncreas produce jugos pancreáticos que ayudan en la digestión de lípidos, proteínas y carbohidratos, y también tiene una función endocrina importante.
¿Qué sucede en el intestino grueso y cuál es su función principal?
-El intestino grueso absorbe principalmente agua y electrolitos, y tiene una función inmunológica al contener bacterias y prebióticos que ayudan a mantener la salud digestiva.
¿Qué es el apéndice y cuál es su función en el cuerpo?
-El apéndice es una estructura en forma de gusano que se encuentra en el ceco. Aunque históricamente se pensaba que no tenía función, se le atribuye una función inmunológica.
Outlines
😀 Introducción al sistema digestivo
El primer párrafo presenta un video educativo sobre el sistema digestivo, dirigido a estudiantes de anatomía. El canal 'Easy Anatomy by Juan José Sánchez' busca abordar temas generales para satisfacer a un público interesado en anatomía más básica. Se define el sistema digestivo como un conjunto de órganos encargados del proceso de digestión, esencial para la obtención de nutrientes de los alimentos. Se menciona la importancia de este sistema en la supervivencia de las especies y cómo los diferentes organismos tienen sistemas digestivos adaptados a sus necesidades alimentarias específicas.
🦷 Proceso de la digestión oral
Este párrafo se enfoca en la importancia de la boca en el proceso digestivo, destacando la función de las estructuras bucales como los labios, los dientes y la lengua en la masticación y el movimiento del bolo alimentario. Se discuten las funciones específicas de los diferentes tipos de dientes y la importancia de la saliva para facilitar la deglución. Además, se menciona el papel de las glándulas salivales y las papilas gustativas en la selección de alimentos y la protección del sistema digestivo.
🍲 Funciones del estómago y las intestinos
El tercer párrafo describe el proceso que sigue a la ingesta oral, comenzando con el estómago, donde los ácidos clorhídricos en las jugos gástricos tienen un papel crucial en la neutralización de microorganismos y la disolución de los alimentos. Seguidamente, se explora el rol del intestino delgado, dividido en duodeno, yeyuno e ileón, donde ocurre la mayor parte de la absorción de nutrientes y se menciona su función inmunológica. Finalmente, se introduce el intestino grueso, con sus diversas secciones, y su función principal en la absorción de agua y otros nutrientes, culminando en el canal anal.
📚 Conclusión y funciones de los órganos annexos
El último párrafo resume los componentes adicionales del sistema digestivo, enfocándose en los órganos annexos como las glándulas salivales, hígado, vesícula biliar y páncreas. Se explica cómo la bile y los jugos pancreáticos contribuyen a la digestión de lípidos, proteínas y carbohidratos, y se enfatiza su importancia en la reducción de la acidez del contenido estomacal. El video concluye con una llamada a suscriptores y un recordatorio de seguir al canal para contenidos adicionales.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema digestivo
💡Tracto digestivo
💡Órganos asociados
💡Digestión
💡Glándulas salivales
💡Estómago
💡Intestino delgado
💡Intestino grueso
💡Apendice
💡Peristaltismo
💡Bilis
Highlights
El sistema digestivo se refiere al conjunto de órganos encargados del proceso de digestión.
La digestión es la transformación de los alimentos para aprovechar sus nutrientes.
Los sistemas o aparatos son siempre un conjunto de órganos que trabajan juntos.
Los seres vivos tienen sistemas digestivos diferentes, lo que afecta cómo metabolizan los alimentos.
Los herbívoros tienen sistemas digestivos adaptados para procesar plantas, mientras que los carnívoros están adaptados para carne.
El sistema digestivo está compuesto por dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y los órganos asociados.
El tracto digestivo es un tubo muscular que comienza en la boca y termina en el ano.
Los órganos asociados son aquellos que no forman parte del tracto digestivo pero que ayudan en la digestión.
Las glándulas salivales son importantes para la compactación y formación del bolo alimenticio.
La lengua tiene una función motora crucial para mover el bolo y tiene receptores gustativos.
El estómago es un dilatado del tracto digestivo que contiene ácidos clorhídricos para ayudar en la digestión.
El intestino delgado tiene tres secciones principales: el duodeno, el yeyuno y el ileon.
El intestino grueso absorbe principalmente agua y otros nutrientes no absorbidos en el intestino delgado.
El apéndice no tiene una función digestiva pero se le atribuye una función inmunológica.
El hígado produce bilis, que es esencial para la digestión de las grasas.
El páncreas tiene una función exocrina y endocrina, produciendo jugos pancreáticos que ayudan en la digestión.
El sistema digestivo es un sistema abierto que comienza en la boca y termina en el canal anal.
La importancia de las glándulas salivales, el estómago, el intestino delgado y el intestino grueso en el proceso digestivo.
Transcripts
Hello, hello, my dear anatomy students, how are you? Welcome to a new
anatomical video on this channel, easy anatomy by Juan José Sánchez, today I bring you a video about
the generalities of the digestive system, remember that we also call systems
apparatuses, that is why you can also get them over there with the name of the
digestive system and the name of the digestive system ok, so what is the digestive system itself
? See that I am making a series of general videos about the systems because I see that
most of my videos are about deep anatomy, but there is a certain audience that is interested in this
type of videos from the most general point of view, from the systematic point of view,
so when we talk about the digestive system, we are referring to the set of organs,
remember that the devices or systems are always a set of organs, so they are the set
of organs that are in charge of the digestion process and that is this digestion process?
Well, it is nothing more than the transformation that we can give to the foods we consume in order to take
advantage of the nutrients that constitute that food. Ok, a food can have many
nutrients but if we did not have the set of organs that are responsible for
breaking down the food, grinding it, absorbing the nutrients, there is no way
we could take advantage of them, so this device in charge of extracting those nutrients
from the food is what we know as the digestive organs, so that the self can
absorb these nutrients from these foods. I can take advantage of them from an energetic point of view
or from a metabolic point of view. Remember that all living organisms
have different digestive systems, which is why not all of us can metabolize the same thing.
For example, we see animals that are herbivores. They have a digestive system that
is made to be able to take advantage of the nutrients from herbs, from plants. We who are
carnivores, our digestive system is capable of taking advantage of nutrients mainly from
meat of animal origin, because we are predominantly carnivorous organisms,
However, there are certain other foods, certain fruits, certain vegetables that we can also
take advantage of because our digestive system is a little more developed, but it is more or less
so that they understand what the system consists of and what is the purpose of this digestive system?
Simply the organism as such, needs the nutrients that food has to be able to
live, we need glucose, we need proteins, we need the lipids that
foods can provide us ok, then we must have some system to
be able to capture these nutrients from food because in some other way we could not
survive as a species and that is why it is the purpose of us having a digestive system, this is a
fairly long system, it is made up of two large portions, we are talking about the first portion
which is the main one in fact. , which is the digestive tract, why do they call it the digestive tract? why
it is a muscular tube that begins in the mouth and finally ends in the anus, it is a single tube, it
is a single tube, it is important that you know that, we are changing its name according to the portion
where it is and each portion That tube that has a different name will have a
specific function for the digestive process that I will explain in a general way below,
the next part of the digestive system apart from the digestive tube, are the attached organs,
what do I mean? with attached organs? Those organs that are not the digestive tract, that is,
they are not part of the digestive tract, but that produce substances that help digestion,
there are many annexed organs, I am going to name the main annexed organs,
so let's start by first talking of the digestive tract and its components,
but before you do not go away from the video [Music] it is vitally important that you
subscribe to the channel, down here where you see that it says subscribe, click on it and you will be subscribed
to the more than 320 videos anatomical, we continue doing every day, do not forget to write to me from
What university do you see me from or what country do you see me from? And if there is any video that you don't find on the channel, you
can write it to me in the comments. I still take them into account when making the
videos. We had stayed at the first components of the system. digestive or the first
component that was the digestive tube, then the digestive tube can be said to begin at the level
of the oral cavity, remember that the oral cavity forward has what we call
the lips, which are the structures that help us or that We see, they do not really help us,
they are what we see that form the first sphincter, so to speak, of the digestive system, because
I can close my mouth or open it in relation to these lips, they are fleshy structures,
within the oral cavity processes occur that They are very important for digestion but
sometimes they go unnoticed, for example in the oral cavity, first we have the teeth,
the dental arches that are quite important to begin the process of grinding food
, ok it is very important that the teeth are undamaged , each tooth has a particular function
, I am not going to go into the depths, but for example the incisors, you see the shape
and they are like for cutting, but you see the molars, the molars and their function is more
of crush, then each group of teeth so to speak mainly has the function
of starting the crushing process, the disintegration process, so to speak
of food, also in this oral cavity we find the tongue, a very
important structure since the tongue first has a motor function that is responsible for
propelling the bolus backwards ok, if we have tongue paralysis we will not be able to
swallow because simply what we swallow has to be on top of the tongue first,
see that with the movements of the tongue we begin how to arrange the bolus and put it on top
and secondly because when we swallow the tongue rises and is pushed backwards and everything that
is above it will go backwards, so in tongue paralysis the patient
will have difficulty to swallow, apart from that in the oral cavity mainly in the tongue,
but not only there, we find the taste buds, they are very important since well
apart from giving us taste, or giving us pleasure when eating, It allows us to select the
foods that we are going to introduce to our digestive system, if a food is in poor condition,
is decomposing, is very acidic, is very spicy, it is probably a food that is going to
damage our digestive system and therefore thank you I can realize the taste buds
before deciding to swallow, this is the importance from the evolutionary point of view of these
taste buds, also the mouth is where the salivary glands excrete, saliva is
very important because it is what compacts ok, it is what gives the shape of what we are chewing,
the compaction and forms the bolus ok, if we did not have saliva it would be very difficult to swallow
the food, then look at the amount of important things that happen inside the oral cavity,
a Once food passes through the oral cavity, which is the first part of the digestive system,
it enters the vicinity of the pharynx, but specifically in an area of the pharynx that is
where the food begins to come into contact, which is in the oropharynx. They also call it the oropharynx,
after the oropharynx comes the laryngopharynx, which is also part of the digestive system, and then
from the laryngopharynx comes the esophagus. It is important to know that these two portions of the pharynx, which
are the bucco or oropharynx and the laryngopharynx, are part of the digestive system and the
respiratory system as well, because the air that also passes through the mouth or that comes through the nasal cavity
reaches the larynx thanks to these two portions, now you will tell how you make the food to know
what you have to grab by the esophagus because food does not go into the larynx or trachea?
Because of this structure that we have here, which is called the epiglottis, when we swallow, the lower epiglottis automatically
closes the entrance to the larynx and with it the entrance to the respiratory tract,
so the food, as it finds this closed duct, has nothing left to grab. to the
digestive tract, so nothing special happens in the pharynx from the digestive point of view,
it is simply a place of passage ok, of course in that pharynx we also have, it is important to note,
the tonsils, which we talk about in the respiratory videos, which have an immunological power,
they help us in a certain way, no, it is always efficient, to capture certain particles or
microorganisms that may affect the digestive system, immediately after the pharynx
comes the esophagus, the esophagus is a fairly long tube that first passes through the lower part of the
neck, then crosses the entire thorax, then pierces the diaphragm muscle to finally
reach the abdomen, so that it crosses the neck, thorax and abdomen, the esophagus is a muscular tube,
it has no function in the point of view, digestion simply goes propelling the food
towards the stomach, remember that the entire digestive tract or the vast majority is made of
smooth muscle, so it has contractile movements that I do not control at will,
which are called peristalsis, they are waves of movements that are the that allow the bolus
to move, do not believe that the food passes through the entire digestive system by
gravity, no, there are rhythmic movements called peristalsis, I repeat, that are responsible for pushing
the bolus, once the bolus ends. esophagus begins the stomach, in this stomach
we are going to find it is like a dilation of the digestive tube, mainly here in the stomach
there are gastric juices, which are quite acidic hydrochloric acid juices that have an
important role first in neutralizing microorganisms that have already entered through the stomach. esophagus and secondly, since
it is somewhat acidic, it is like having vinegar water or lemon water, the food that passes through
there will surely begin to disintegrate, this function of the stomach is important, it
also has peristalsis movements which help to let us say soak the food in the
gastric juice, there are also other functions that the stomach can have, it secretes some hormones
some substances that are important for digestion but that would go into much depth on the
topic, after the stomach we have the small intestine, this small intestine has three large
portions , the one immediately after the stomach we call the duodenum, which is its
shortest portion by the way, then comes the portion of the jejunum which is the one you see in blue and then the ileum,
in order, then the three portions that would form the intestine thin is duodenum,
jejunum and ileum, the duodenum is important first because the duodenum is what
receives the bile juices, the pancreatic juices that we are going to see right now and they are
what are then responsible for reducing the acidity that the stomach brings,
because Otherwise those gastric juices would eat up the walls of the intestine ok, in the
duodenum other substances are also absorbed from the digestive point of view, let's see that the
process of absorption of food and the digestive process as such of removing it The substances
that we need in food begin in the small intestine, so it is a long tube,
measuring up to 7.9 meters, although in a person living between 6 and 7, a corpse a little
longer because as all the muscles relax, The digestive tube lengthens a little,
in the corpse it can measure 8 to 9 meters ok, so generally in the
small intestine an absorption process occurs in each part, generally different ones are produced,
different substances are absorbed, we are also going to see an important immunological function that
the small intestine has, because it has lymphatic structures that help prevent toxins from entering,
bacteria from entering or undigested foods from entering the bloodstream, ok,
it is not just absorbing but it also has Those other functions, after the small intestine,
after the ileum specifically, the large intestine tube begins, which you see is
called that because it is actually thicker than the walls of the small intestine tube,
this large intestine is going to have several portions, we are going to see that the ileum empties into its first
portion which is called the cecum, so blind, ok from the cecum comes a shaped structure
worm called vermiform appendix, which is what becomes inflamed when there is appendicitis ok,
the appendix does not have any function from a digestive point of view, but rather
an immunological function is attributed to it, after this cecum would come the ascending colon , then the
transverse colon, then the descending colon, then the sigmoid colon, which is shaped like that,
sigma the Greek letter in the shape of s and then the rectum, then all of these would be portions of the
large intestine, it has 2, 4, 6, 7 portions to the rectum, the large intestine also
has absorption functions, mainly water is absorbed in this, by the way, but
other nutrients from food are also absorbed, it is much shorter than the small intestine,
finally after the rectum it would come the anal canal, which is where the
digestive system finally ends, communicating to the outside, so see that it is a totally open system
that begins in the mouth and ends in the anal canal, very well, to finish the second part
of the components of the system digestive, they were the attached organs, I told you that there were many,
we are going to name mainly the salivary glands ok, there
are three of these major salivary glands, the parotid, the submaxillary and the sublingual, these glands produce saliva,
they are exocrine because Through some ducts it carries saliva to the oral cavity. I already
explained to you that what was more or less the function of saliva. The next important structure from
the point of view of the annexed organs is the liver. The liver produces bile. ,
this bile is stored in the gallbladder, do not believe that it is the gallbladder that produces
bile, but it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder and then through
a duct it empties into the second portion of the duodenum, this Bile has a very important role
in the digestion mainly of fats, but also in certain, let's say other
protein-type components, but mainly the digestion of fats is thanks to bile, then the
pancreas is an organ that has a large endocrine component but It also has a great
exocrine function that produces pancreatic juices and these pancreatic juices, through a series of ducts,
reach the second portion of the small intestine and it is where these pancreatic juices are discharged.
They are also important for digestion since they are responsible for or help the digestion of everything,
of lipids, fats, proteins and carbohydrates, of the three things, lipids,
proteins and carbohydrates, so see that this flows out of the duodenum, apart from the bile,
this pancreatic juice They remove a lot of the acidity that the bolus already brings,
so to speak, because the stomach, as we already said, has very acidic juices,
so in part these bile secretions and pancreatic secretions attenuate a little
that acidity that the food comes with, this It was then a diagram, a
general outline of the digestive system, I hope you understood it, don't forget to subscribe to the channel,
like the video if you liked it and you can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315
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