First Colonies: 1565-1700 | American Colonial History | Jamestown, Plymouth, Puritans, Quakers
Summary
TLDRThis presentation traces the establishment of European colonies in the future United States and Canada from 1565 to 1700. It highlights the initial Spanish colonization, the arrival of the English, French, and Dutch, and the development of diverse colonies with varying economic and social systems. Key events include the founding of St. Augustine, Jamestown's struggles and tobacco boom, the Mayflower's arrival, and the establishment of representative government and slavery. The narrative also touches on conflicts like King Philip's War, the Salem witch trials, and the expansion of French fur trading posts, setting the stage for future colonial rivalries.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The colonization of what is now the United States and Canada began 73 years after Spain started colonizing the Caribbean, Mexico, and Latin America in 1492.
- 🌐 The native American language and cultural groups along the Atlantic Ocean included the Algonquin, Sioux, Muskogen, Iroquoian, and Pueblo nations.
- 👑 The first successful European colony above Mexico was the Spanish colony of St. Augustine, founded in Florida in 1565.
- 🛟 Sir Walter Raleigh's attempts at Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587 marked the beginning of English colonization in North America, despite the colonies' failures.
- 💢 The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 signaled a shift in global power and opened opportunities for England, France, and the Netherlands to colonize North America.
- 📜 The founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the Virginia Company marked the beginning of successful English colonization in North America.
- 🌾 In 1613, John Rolfe's cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown initiated the first profitable venture in English North America.
- 🏛️ The establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 marked the beginning of representative government in North America, while the same year saw the first shipment of slaves to Jamestown.
- 🚢 The Mayflower's voyage in 1620 led to the founding of Plymouth by Pilgrim separatists, who sought a complete separation from the Church of England.
- 🏫 The Massachusetts Bay Colony, founded in 1630, brought significant numbers of women and children, leading to explosive growth and the establishment of institutions like the Boston Latin School and Harvard.
- 🌳 The French and Dutch also expanded their presence in North America, with Samuel de Champlain charting Lake Champlain and the Dutch establishing New Amsterdam in 1626.
Q & A
What was the first successful European foothold above Mexico in the future United States and Canada?
-The first successful European foothold above Mexico was the Spanish colony of Saint Augustine, founded in modern Florida in 1565.
Why did the failure of the Spanish Armada in 1588 impact the colonization efforts of other European nations in North America?
-The failure of the Spanish Armada signified that Spain was no longer the most powerful nation in the world, providing opportunities for England, France, and the Netherlands to colonize North America.
What significant event occurred in the Roanoke colony in 1587?
-In 1587, a second colony was established at Roanoke Island under John White, and Virginia Dare, the first English child born in North America, was born there.
What was the significance of Jamestown's founding in 1607 for the English colonies?
-Jamestown's founding in 1607 marked the beginning of the first permanent English settlement in North America, predating other English colonies by several years.
How did the colonization of North America change after the English Civil War in 1642?
-The English Civil War led to a period of disorder in England, which in turn resulted in the English colonies in America developing more autonomy due to the lack of direct control from the mother country.
What was the first profitable venture in English North America and how did it impact the economy?
-The first profitable venture in English North America was the cultivation of West Indian or Caribbean tobacco at Jamestown in 1613, which established tobacco as a cash crop.
What were the contrasting institutions born in Jamestown in 1619?
-In 1619, two contrasting institutions were born in Jamestown: the House of Burgesses, which marked the beginning of representative government in North America, and the first shipment of slaves to Jamestown, introducing slave labor to the region.
Which European power established a presence in North America with the founding of Quebec in 1608?
-The French established a presence in North America with the founding of Quebec in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain.
What was the first compulsory education law in the future United States and when was it passed?
-The first compulsory education law in the future United States was passed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1647.
What significant event occurred in 1692 that affected both the French and Spanish colonization efforts in North America?
-In 1692, the French explorer LaSalle reached the mouth of the Mississippi River, marking the extension of France's water trade empire, while the Spanish returned to Santa Fe, having learned the importance of cooperation with native nations.
Why was the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 significant for the growth of Boston and the surrounding area?
-The establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was significant because it brought a large number of Puritans, including women and children, to Massachusetts, leading to explosive growth rates in Boston and the surrounding area.
Outlines
🏰 Early European Colonization in North America
This paragraph outlines the development of European colonies in the future United States and Canada from 1565 to 1700. It begins with Spain's colonization of the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and Latin America since 1492, and then shifts focus to the colonization efforts north of Mexico, which started 73 years later. The paragraph describes the native American language and cultural groups along the Atlantic Ocean, the arrival of different European powers, and the establishment of colonies such as Saint Augustine, Roanoke, and Jamestown. It also mentions the Spanish Armada's defeat in 1588, which opened opportunities for England, France, and the Netherlands to colonize North America.
🚢 Expansion of European Colonies and Early Settlements
The second paragraph details the expansion of European colonies in North America, including the establishment of Jamestown in 1607, which was the first successful English colony. It discusses the failed attempts at Roanoke and the critical world event of the Spanish Armada's defeat. The paragraph also covers the granting of charters to the Virginia Company and the Plymouth Company, the founding of Quebec by Samuel de Champlain, and the Dutch exploration of the Hudson River. It highlights the first profitable venture in English North America with the cultivation of tobacco and the introduction of representative government and slave labor in 1619.
🌳 Growth of Colonies and the Emergence of Diverse Societies
This paragraph discusses the growth of European colonies in North America, starting with the founding of Plymouth by the Pilgrims in 1620 and the signing of the Mayflower Compact. It describes the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the importance of literacy and education, with the founding of the Boston Latin School and Harvard. The paragraph also covers the establishment of religious tolerance in Maryland, the conflict with the Pequot people, and the expansion of colonies into the American West with the founding of Santa Fe by the Spanish and New Sweden by the Dutch.
🛡 Conflicts, Tolerance, and the Expansion of Colonial Frontiers
The final paragraph covers the conflicts and the expansion of colonial frontiers in North America. It discusses King Philip's War and the Bacon's Rebellion, which were devastating conflicts between the colonists and the native populations. The paragraph also mentions the establishment of Philadelphia by William Penn, who envisioned a peaceful kingdom with friendly relations with the natives. It describes the French exploration and establishment of trading posts in the Mississippi River region and the infamous Salem witch trials. The paragraph concludes with the return of the Spanish to Santa Fe and the establishment of Williamsburg as the capital of Virginia, highlighting the strong footholds of England, France, and Spain in North America by 1700.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Colonization
💡Native American
💡Saint Augustine
💡Roanoke Colony
💡Jamestown
💡Pocahontas
💡House of Burgesses
💡Slavery
💡Puritans
💡Mayflower Compact
💡Religious Toleration
Highlights
Development of European colonies in the future United States and Canada from 1565 to 1700.
Spain's colonization in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and Latin America since 1492.
Colonization north of Mexico in the present-day United States and Canada began 73 years after Spain's initial colonization.
Native American language and cultural groups along the Atlantic Ocean included Algonquin, Sioux, Muskogen, and Iroquoian nations.
Spanish colonies shown in yellow, English in red, French in blue, and Dutch in orange.
First successful European foothold above Mexico was the Spanish colony of Saint Augustine, founded in 1565.
Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English colony in North America at Roanoke Island in 1585.
The Spanish Armada's defeat in 1588 marked the decline of Spain's power and opened opportunities for England, France, and the Netherlands to colonize North America.
Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the first successful English colony in what is now the United States.
Samuel de Champlain erected a fort at Quebec in 1608, indicating French presence in North America.
The Dutch began their presence in what is now New York State with Henry Hudson's exploration in 1609.
Spanish colonization extended to Santa Fe in what is now New Mexico among the Pueblo civilization in 1610.
Jamestown's survival was aided by Pocahontas and the arrival of the Baron de la War in 1610.
John Rolfe's cultivation of West Indian tobacco at Jamestown in 1613 marked the first profitable venture in English North America.
The year 1619 saw the establishment of the House of Burgesses and the first shipment of slaves to Jamestown.
The Mayflower Compact signed in 1620 was an early governmental document in the future United States.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony, founded in 1630, brought significant numbers of women and children, leading to explosive growth.
Harvard, founded in 1636, was a critical element in the high literacy rates of Puritan New England.
The English Civil War and the subsequent internal conflict in England led to increased autonomy of English colonies in America.
The Navigation Acts initiated by Charles II in 1660 aimed to keep trade within English borders, discouraging trade with the Dutch and other European powers.
The English capture of New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664 marked England's control of the Atlantic coast from Jamestown to Boston.
William Penn's founding of Philadelphia in 1682 and his vision of peace and tolerance led to a diverse and peaceful colony.
By 1700, England, France, and Spain had established strong footholds in North America, setting the stage for future conflicts and the shaping of the modern world.
Transcripts
this presentation outlines the
development of european colonies in the
future united states and canada
from 1565 to 1700.
spain has been colonizing the caribbean
mexico central america and latin america
since 1492
colonization north of mexico in what is
now the united states and canada began
73 years later
let's zoom in to the future united
states and canada
the native american language and
cultural groups along the atlantic ocean
from north to south are algonquin
which includes many nations that extend
from maine
and northeastern canada down the coast
to the carolinas
sioux language speakers are very
interestingly
present in the area of the carolinas
so there is a linguistic connection
between some of these nations here in
the south and the plains people
below them in present-day georgia and
florida the muskogen family of nations
and in the great lakes region are the
iroquoian nations
the pueblo are in the southwest and it's
important to remember that the spanish
will be coming up from mexico
to the southwest
spanish colonies will be shown in yellow
english colonies in red french colonies
in blue
and dutch colonies in orange
the date and the monarch of england will
be shown in the bottom right hand corner
let's begin in fifteen sixty five
elizabeth the first is the monarch in
england
the first successful european foothold
above mexico
is the spanish colony of saint augustine
founded in modern florida in 1565.
1585 sir walter raleigh founds the first
english colony in north america at
roanoke island in future
north carolina
the colony that dissolves the next year
1587
a second colony is established at
roanoke island under john white
the first english
child born in north america is virginia
dare
we will zoom out for a critical world
event that affects north america's
colonies
in 1588 the spanish armada dispatched
from spain for the purpose of invading
england is largely destroyed by a
combination of the english fleet and
harsh weather
the demise of the armada means that
spain is no longer the most powerful
nation in the world
and the armada's ruin provides england
france and the netherlands with
opportunities to colonize north america
1590
john white of roanoke colony returns to
the colony from england with fresh
supplies
however he finds the colony totally
abandoned with only the word croatoan
scrawled on wood
a reference to a local native tribe
we will move back into north america and
move into a new century
in 1606 king james the first
the same king james who authorized the
english bible bearing his patronage
granted a charter to the virginia
company and the plymouth company to
establish english colonies in north
america
in december of 1606
captain john smith is one of about 100
colonists who sail on the ship's susan
constant the discovery and the godspeed
in spring of 1607 the ships are off the
coast of virginia
the ships sail up a river which the crew
names after king james and they found
jamestown
it is important to remember that when
jamestown was founded in 1607
spanish saint augustine has been in
operation for 42 years
a second english colony set out for
north america in 1607
from the plymouth company
this second venture landed much farther
north in modern-day maine
at the mouth of the kennebec river
at sagadahoc
this far north colony does not last
and the settlers return to england
samuel de champlain of france has a fort
erected at quebec the next year 1608
in 1609 yet another european power is
now in play in north america
the dutch are on a stage in future new
york state
henry hudson explores the river that
bears his name
in the same region the french explorer
samuel de champlain furthers french
interests in the northeast
charting the lake in new york state that
bears his name
we often focus on the atlantic coast but
it's important to remember that
colonization is occurring in the
american west as well
in 1610 the spanish settled santa fe in
future new mexico among the ancient
civilization of the pueblo
all at once
four powers are suddenly active in north
america
the english have jamestown in 1607 the
french quebec in 1608 the dutch on the
hudson river in 1609 and the spanish at
santa fe in 1610.
but jamestown is in danger in 1610
the colony is starving
pocahontas provides food assistance to
jamestown's starving colonists
the baron de la war arrives with more
ships and settlers and the colony gets a
second life
1613
john rolfe cultivates
west indian or caribbean tobacco at
jamestown
this begins the first profitable venture
in english north america
it and establishes tobacco as a cash
crop
1619 is a critical year at jamestown
two contrasting institutions are born
that year
one institution is the house of
burgesses which is the beginnings of
representative government in north
america
this is contrasted by the first shipment
of slaves to jamestown in that same year
thus the american south contrasting
traditions of representative government
and slave labor are born in the same
year
another english venture begins in 1620
the mayflower set sail with pilgrim
separatists and strangers
strangers are mayflower colonists that
are not a part of the separatist
religious movement
the mayflower separatists are actually
distinct from other puritans
the pilgrim separatists on the mayflower
want a full separation from the church
of england whereas other puritans want
to purify or reform the church of
england
so there is a distinction between
radical separatist pilgrims
and puritans
the mayflower lands at cape cod
plymouth is founded there in the future
state of massachusetts a name derived
from a local native nation
the wampanoag are there at came cod
the mayflower compact is signed on board
the ship a very early governmental
document in the future united states
1622
the powhatan confederacy attacks
jamestown and the colony's future is
again uncertain
king james wants more direct control
over jamestown
in 1624 the dutch established fort
orange at present-day albany new york
1626
the dutch west india company establishes
new amsterdam on manhattan island the
lenape and other algonquian natives are
present
there
1630 king charles the first grants john
winthrop a charter for the massachusetts
bay colony
one thousand puritans including women
and children
sail for massachusetts
boston is founded
this settlement is much larger than
other english settlements thus far
because massachusetts bay colony brings
significant numbers of women and
children
boston and the surrounding area will
have explosive growth rates
in 1634
lord baltimore establishes saint mary's
in maryland the first english catholic
community in the americas
lord baltimore argues for the free
exercise of religion for both
protestants and catholics
1635
the puritans established the boston
latin school the oldest public school
still in use in the united states
a critical element that the
massachusetts bay colony brings to
america is an expectation that all
members of society both boys and girls
are expected to read the bible
harvard is founded the next year in 1636
just six years after the massachusetts
bay settlers first arrived
puritan new england will be among the
most literate societies on the planet in
the 17th century
also in 1636 the scholar roger williams
founds providence in rhode island
williams becomes fluent in algonquian
while living among the narragansett
natives there
1637 is a tragic year for the pequot
people
new englanders massacre the pequot at
fort mystic in connecticut
concurrently in boston anne hutchinson
gains fame as a reformer who questions
the power of clergy in her puritan
community
she and her followers leave boston for
rhode island in 1638
and
is very popular in many puritan men held
her opinion in high regard and listened
to her opinions
a common theme in new england settlement
is that excommunicants will bring
followers to a new area and found a new
community
new haven connecticut is founded the
same year
also in 1638 swedish colonists found
fort christina near modern-day
wilmington darrell delaware
in 1642
back across the atlantic
england falls into civil war between
parliament and the crown
the english colonies developed more
autonomy due to the disorder in england
also in 1642
a french mission is founded at montreal
1647
massachusetts bay colony passes the
first compulsory education law in the
future united states and puritan
literacy is essentially universal among
both boys and girls
in 1649 king charles the first is
assassinated and parliament's victory
over the crown will result in an england
that has no king for 11 years
the english civil war and the ensuing
internal conflict in england means that
the english colonies
in america are becoming very accustomed
to local rule
also in 1649 the general assembly of
maryland grants an act concerning
religion or the act of religious
toleration which grants freedom of
religion for all trinitarian churches
1655
the dutch assumed control of struggling
new sweden and modern delaware
1659
spanish franciscans established a
mission at el paso in modern day texas
charles ii restores the monarchy in 1660
marking an end to cromwell's
protectorate
charles ii initiates navigation acts to
ensure that english colonists are
sending raw goods back to england on
english ships discouraging trade with
the dutch or other european powers
this policy is in line with mercantilism
and economic philosophy that assumed a
nation could only build wealth if it
kept trade within its borders
1661 the puritan john elliott who has
lived among the new england algonquians
prints the first bible published in
north america it is in algonquin so the
first bible printed in the future united
states was in algonquin
1664
the english capture new amsterdam from
the dutchman peter stuyvesant
dutch new amsterdam is now english new
york
dutch fort orange in upstate new york
becomes english albany and fort cristina
in modern delaware is also secured from
the dutch for england
england now controls the atlantic coast
from jamestown to boston
1670
charlestown is founded in carolina the
new colony named after king charles
charlestown will quickly develop a labor
system based on large-scale slavery
similar to that employed in the sugar
islands of the caribbean
the cash crops in south carolina will be
rice and indigo
1671
the french jesuits found a mission at
saint ignace in michigan and another
mission in de pere near green bay
wisconsin
in 1673 the french further their
interior exploration
jacques marquette and luis joliet travel
from saint ignace to green bay wisconsin
they then travel through wisconsin to
the upper mississippi river and then
down the river to
middle arkansas
also in 1673 the french established the
fur trading station fort frontenac just
above lake ontario
in 1675 new englanders are engaged in a
full-scale conflict against the region's
algonquin nations
this is king philip's war and the
wampanoag leader metacomet
or king philip leads a coalition of
nations against the new englanders
the percentage of the new england native
population
that are killed in this conflict is
simply devastating for these nations
concurrently with king philip's war
there is also in virginia an equally
destructive conflict in
1676 a wealthy landowner in virginia
nathaniel bacon insists on driving out
the native population
while governor william berkeley is more
committed to fostering stable relations
with the natives
bacon attacks local native groups and
berkeley names bacon a rebel bacon's
rebels cause widespread disruption and
even attack jamestown itself bacon dies
of a fever and the rebel rebellion
fizzles out
out west in 1680 the pueblo people
revolt against spanish rule driving the
spanish from santa fe
1682
william penn holding a charter to start
a new colony
founds philadelphia
penn also has a religious vision
this quaker will establish a peaceable
kingdom with friendly relations with the
natives and immigrants from other
european countries
are to be welcomed
pennsylvania quickly becomes a
destination for germans
penn's vision of peace and tolerance
between tribes nations and churches
actually survives
for almost 70 years
also in 1682 the french explorer lasalle
reaches the mouth of the mississippi
river
as france's water trade empire
now reaches from the atlantic on both
sides from the st lawrence in the
northeast all the way down to the
mississippi in the south
1686
the french established a trading post at
arkansas post
and early european bastion in the lower
mississippi
the infamous witch-hunt craze strikes
salem massachusetts just north of boston
in 1692
also in 1692
the spanish returned to santa fe
however
spain has learned now that it must
cooperate with native nations in order
to maintain its holdings in america
1699
williamsburg is established as the
capital of virginia named after king
william
by 1700
england france and spain
all have strong footholds in north
america
the next century we'll see these
civilizations contest with one another
over the continent and struggles that
would shape the modern world
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