SOAL OSN EKONOMI 2024 EPS 1 | PEMBAHASAN SOAL OSNK EKONOMI 2024 EPS 1

Summary

This video discusses the 2024 OSN Economics exam questions at the district level, covering various economic concepts. The presenter explains key topics, including the effects of price changes on demand, the causes of the 2008 global financial crisis, and supply and demand equilibrium with taxes. It also covers the roles of Bank Indonesia and OJK in managing monetary policy, as well as practical problems related to opportunity cost, elasticity of demand, and exchange rate policies. The video provides clear answers and explanations for each question, aiming to help viewers understand fundamental economic concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video explains the concept of the decrease in quantity demanded caused by an increase in price, represented by a movement along the demand curve, not a shift of the demand curve.
• 😀 The 2008 global financial crisis was triggered by a housing credit crisis in the U.S., where banks gave loans to individuals with poor credit scores, resulting in defaults and major financial institution bankruptcies.
• 😀 The price equilibrium after a unit tax is applied can be calculated by adjusting the supply function for the tax and solving the demand and adjusted supply functions.
• 😀 Bank Indonesia is responsible for setting monetary policies, regulating the banking system, and maintaining currency stability, but the responsibility for overseeing banks is now under the Financial Services Authority (OJK).
• 😀 OJK now handles the regulation and supervision of banks, a responsibility previously held by Bank Indonesia before the establishment of OJK.
• 😀 The elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula, and in one example, the elasticity of demand for fish in Natuna was found to be 0.95, indicating relatively inelastic demand.
• 😀 Revaluation is a policy where the government intentionally raises the value of its currency, as opposed to depreciation, which happens due to market forces.
• 😀 The opportunity cost for purchasing additional pens instead of books was calculated, showing that the opportunity cost of gaining three additional pens was one book at a price of Rp3,000.
• 😀 The law of demand is explained in the context of a downward-sloping demand curve, where price and quantity demanded are inversely related.
• 😀 The script covers various economic formulas, including those for calculating elasticity and equilibrium price after taxes, providing practical insights into economics for students and viewers.

Q & A

What is the impact of a price increase on the quantity demanded in the given scenario?

An increase in price causes a decrease in the quantity demanded, as demonstrated in the script. This is shown on a demand curve, where the movement is upward and to the left, indicating a reduction in quantity demanded due to the price increase.

What caused the global financial crisis in 2008?

The global financial crisis of 2008 was triggered by the collapse of the housing credit market in the United States, particularly due to subprime mortgage lending. The crisis began when financial institutions failed, such as Lehman Brothers, due to large numbers of mortgage defaults.

How do you calculate the equilibrium price after a tax is imposed?

To calculate the new equilibrium price after a tax, we set the modified supply curve (taking into account the tax) equal to the demand curve. In the script, this method is demonstrated using a supply function modified for a 500 per unit tax, resulting in an equilibrium price of 9,062.5.

What are the key responsibilities of Bank Indonesia?

Bank Indonesia's responsibilities include setting monetary policy, regulating and supervising banks, ensuring the smooth operation of the payment system, and controlling inflation. The script also discusses tasks that are now handled by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as overseeing banks.

What is the role of OJK in relation to Bank Indonesia?

The Financial Services Authority (OJK) now handles tasks that were previously the responsibility of Bank Indonesia, particularly in overseeing and regulating banks. This includes functions related to the supervision of financial institutions, which were transferred to OJK to better manage financial markets.

What is the concept of opportunity cost as explained in the script?

Opportunity cost refers to the value of what is forgone when one option is chosen over another. In the script, this is demonstrated with the example of Katara’s decision to buy more pens and fewer books, where the opportunity cost is the book she had to forgo in order to buy more pens.

How does the elasticity of demand work in the context of the red snapper market in Natuna?

Elasticity of demand measures how sensitive the quantity demanded is to a change in price. In the script, the demand for red snapper decreases as the price changes, and the elasticity is calculated to be 0.95, indicating inelastic demand.

What is the difference between 'movement along' and 'shift of' the demand curve?

A 'movement along' the demand curve refers to a change in the quantity demanded due to a change in the price of the good itself, while a 'shift of' the demand curve involves a change in demand due to factors other than price, such as consumer preferences or income changes.

What is revaluation, and how does it differ from appreciation or depreciation in currency management?

Revaluation is a deliberate increase in the value of a country's currency by the government, typically through policy measures. This differs from appreciation, which is a natural increase in currency value due to market forces, and depreciation, which is a decrease in currency value due to market dynamics.

What is the correct answer regarding the factors affecting demand and supply curves based on the provided script?

The demand curve typically moves downward from left to right, indicating an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Conversely, the supply curve typically moves upward, showing a direct relationship between price and quantity supplied. The script highlights these behaviors in relation to market functions.