O que são os assentamentos israelenses e o que deu início às intifadas palestinas

Summary

This video explores the complex Israeli-Palestinian conflict, focusing on Jewish settlements in Palestinian territories since the 1967 Six-Day War. It details the growth of settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, the controversial practices surrounding them, and the legal and political disputes over their legitimacy. The video also covers key historical moments, such as the Intifadas, the Oslo Peace Accords, and the 2000s' escalations, including Israel's military responses and the role of international powers like the U.S. The series aims to provide a clearer understanding of the ongoing tensions, with a particular focus on Jerusalem's contested status.

Takeaways

• 😀 The relationship between Israelis and Palestinians has been complex since the beginning of the conflict, largely due to the issue of Jewish settlements in Palestinian territories after the 1967 war.
• 😀 Jewish settlements, known as 'settlements,' are communities built by Israel in occupied Palestinian territories, particularly in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, where over half a million Israelis live.
• 😀 These settlements are seen as illegal by the international community, including the United Nations and the International Court of Justice, based on the Geneva Convention, which prohibits a country from transferring its population to occupied territories.
• 😀 Israel argues that the Geneva Convention does not apply to the West Bank, claiming the region was not under clear sovereignty before 1967.
• 😀 The Organization for the Liberation of Palestine (OLP), led by Yasser Arafat, aimed to end Israel's existence and establish a Palestinian state, launching military operations against Israel in various countries.
• 😀 The Palestinian 'Intifadas,' or uprisings, have been key moments in the conflict, with the first one in 1987 and the second in 2000, both marked by violent protests against Israeli control.
• 😀 The Oslo Accords in 1993 were a significant peace attempt, resulting in the creation of the Palestinian National Authority and the division of the West Bank into areas with varying levels of Palestinian and Israeli control.
• 😀 Despite peace efforts like the Oslo Accords, tensions remained high, leading to ongoing violence and a failure to establish a lasting resolution between the two sides.
• 😀 Israel constructed a concrete barrier around parts of the West Bank in 2002, which remains a controversial element in the conflict, seen by Israel as a security measure and by others as a symbol of separation.
• 😀 The recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel by the United States in 2017 sparked a new wave of violence and intensified the ongoing conflict, as Jerusalem is claimed by both Israelis and Palestinians as their capital.

Q & A

What are Jewish settlements in the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict?

Jewish settlements refer to communities established by Israel in Palestinian territories, particularly in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, starting after the Six-Day War in 1967. These settlements are often heavily guarded and surrounded by security measures, and their residents are called settlers.

Why are the Jewish settlements considered controversial?

The settlements are considered controversial because they are built in territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 war. Palestinians argue that they violate their rights by demolishing homes, confiscating land, and restricting their movement. International law, including the Geneva Convention, deems these settlements illegal.

How does Israel justify the establishment of settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem?

Israel argues that the Geneva Convention does not apply to the West Bank because, prior to 1967, there was no clear sovereign control over the region. They contend that the territory was not officially owned by anyone before Israel's control.

What is the stance of the international community on the Jewish settlements?

The international community, including the United Nations and the International Court of Justice, considers the settlements illegal based on the Geneva Convention, which prohibits the transfer of a country's population into occupied territories.

What role did the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) play in the Israel-Palestine conflict?

The PLO, led by Yasser Arafat, was formed in 1964 with the goal of creating a Palestinian state, eliminating Israel, and securing the return of Palestinian refugees. It launched military operations against Israel, including attacks from Jordan and Lebanon, and was involved in acts of violence like the 1972 Munich Olympics attack.

What triggered the first Intifada and how did it impact the conflict?

The first Intifada, or uprising, in 1987 was sparked by frustration over the harsh conditions in the occupied territories, overcrowding, and frequent clashes with the Israeli military. It marked a period of violent protests and was a symbol of Palestinian resistance, leading to the 1993 Oslo Accords.

What was the significance of the Oslo Accords in the Israel-Palestine peace process?

The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993, were a major milestone as they saw the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel agree to work toward peace. They created the Palestinian Authority and aimed to establish a Palestinian state, with a division of the West Bank into areas A, B, and C, each with varying levels of Palestinian and Israeli control.

What happened after the Oslo Accords and why did violence persist?

Despite the Oslo Accords, violence continued due to opposition from hardline factions, the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, and unresolved issues like the status of Jerusalem and Palestinian refugees. The peace process ultimately stagnated, and the region saw more violent clashes.

Why did Israel begin constructing the West Bank separation wall in 2002, and what has been the international reaction?

Israel began constructing the separation wall in 2002, citing security concerns and the protection of its population from Palestinian attacks. However, the international community has criticized the wall as illegal, and calls for its dismantling continue, as it significantly restricts Palestinian movement and further divides the territory.

What was the impact of the U.S. recognizing Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 2017?

The U.S. decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 2017 sparked widespread protests and escalated violence, as Palestinians view East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The move was controversial and exacerbated tensions in an already volatile region.