Modernidad líquida - Zygmunt Bauman (RESUMEN Y EXPLICACIÓN)

Summary

El guion del video discute el concepto de 'posmodernidad' a través del texto 'Liquid Modernity' de Zygmunt Bauman. Bauman sugiere que la posmodernidad no es un nuevo período, sino una exageración de los ideales de la modernidad. La modernidad se caracteriza por su solidez y estabilidad, mientras que la posmodernidad es más fluida y flexible, con un énfasis en la experiencia y la movilidad. El guion explora cómo estos cambios afectan áreas como el trabajo, las relaciones personales, la educación y la salud, y cómo la tecnología ha transformado la forma en que concebimos el espacio y el tiempo. El video invita a la audiencia a reflexionar sobre el tipo de sociedad que queremos formar y a considerar el valor de la movilidad y la experiencia en la vida contemporánea.

Takeaways

• 📚 El tema principal del video es la postmodernidad, un concepto ampliamente utilizado en tiempos recientes y a menudo poco comprendido.
• 👨‍🏫 Se utiliza el texto de Zygmunt Bauman, un sociólogo y filósofo polaco radicado en Inglaterra, para aclarar la postmodernidad o 'liquid modernity', como él la denomina.
• 🔁 Bauman argumenta que no ha sido un fin de la modernidad, sino más bien una exageración de sus ideales, como la individualidad y el capitalismo, que se convierten en hiperindividualidad y un capitalismo exacerbado.
• 💧 La 'liquidez' de la modernidad se refiere a la transformación de ideales sólidos en ideales líquidos, es decir, a un proceso de liquefacción.
• 🏠 La 'solid modernity' se caracteriza por tener formas bien definidas, ciertas certezas y objetos duraderos, mientras que la 'liquid modernity' se caracteriza por la ligereza, la facilidad de movimiento y la falta de ataduras.
• 👥 En la 'liquid modernity', las relaciones se vuelven más ambiguas y se organizan en forma de red, en lugar de fuertes lazos individuales.
• 💼 El trabajo en la 'liquid modernity' se ve influenciado por la flexibilidad laboral, la priorización del trabajo independiente y la búsqueda de nuevas experiencias laborales.
• 🛍️ La compra de productos en la postmodernidad no se centra en su valor de uso, sino en las experiencias que ofrecen y la capacidad de elegir.
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Las relaciones familiares y las instituciones matrimoniales se vuelven menos estables y más fluidas, con un mayor énfasis en la red de relaciones y menos en la cohesión de la unidad familiar.
• ⃣ La tecnología y las redes sociales facilitan la formación y desmantelamiento de relaciones, permitiendo una mayor libertad y movilidad en las interacciones humanas.
• ⏰ El concepto de tiempo y espacio cambia en la 'liquid modernity', con un enfoque en la instantaneidad y la movilidad, en lugar de la estabilidad y la permanencia.

Q & A

¿Qué es lo que Zygmunt Bauman denomina 'liquid modernity' y cómo se relaciona con la postmodernidad?

Zygmunt Bauman llama 'liquid modernity' a un estado que muchos conocen como postmodernidad. Según él, no ha sido el fin de la modernidad y pasamos a una nueva etapa, sino que los ideales de la modernidad se han exagerado y han pasado a ser líquidos, es decir, se han transformado de ser sólidos a líquidos, lo cual caracteriza a la liquid modernidad.

¿Cuáles son las características de la 'solid modernity' o modernidad sólida según Bauman?

La 'solid modernity' se caracteriza por tener formas bien definidas, predominio de lo pesado como en la maquinaria pesada, objetos hechos para durar en el tiempo, casas en lugares específicos, y la idea de ciertas certezas y ideales que se consideraban como tales.

¿Cómo se describe la 'liquid modernity' en contraposición a la 'solid modernity'?

La 'liquid modernity' se describe como algo más ligero, móvil y en constante cambio. En lugar de tener una forma definida y ser pesado, en la liquid modernidad lo importante es poder moverse fácilmente y no tener ataduras. El espacio y el tiempo adquieren una dimensión instantánea y no hay un espacio definido.

¿En qué se transforma la noción de trabajo en la 'liquid modernity'?

En la 'liquid modernity', el trabajo se caracteriza por la flexibilidad laboral. Los empleados pueden comenzar en una posición y terminar en cualquier otra, o incluso en la misma, sin una expectativa de permanencia en un solo trabajo o posición. La responsabilidad y la adaptabilidad son valoradas más que el control rígido.

¿Cómo la 'liquid modernity' afecta la forma en que las personas compran y valoran los productos?

En la 'liquid modernity', la compra de productos se centra en la experiencia y la posibilidad de elegir, más que en el valor de uso de los productos. Por ejemplo, las personas pueden cambiar su teléfono móvil o televisión por uno nuevo, incluso si el anterior aún funciona, buscando la experiencia de algo diferente.

¿Cómo se ven afectadas las relaciones personales en la 'liquid modernity'?

Las relaciones personales en la 'liquid modernity' se vuelven más ambiguas y se establecen como una red de vínculos con muchos otros, donde ninguno es más importante que otro. Los vínculos se vuelven labios y fáciles de desmantelar, lo que reduce la seguridad tradicional pero permite una mayor libertad y movilidad en las relaciones.

¿Cómo se describe la educación en la 'solid modernity' según el script?

En la 'solid modernity', la educación se describe como un proceso de producción de sujetos productivos, similar a una fábrica, donde se buscaba generar cuerpos que fueran eficientes y productivos en el ámbito industrial.

¿Qué papel desempeñan los medios de comunicación en la educación en la 'liquid modernity'?

En la 'liquid modernity', los medios de comunicación, como la televisión y el internet, se convierten en grandes fuentes de educación, y la educación se enfoca en la producción de sujetos consumidores que buscan experiencias nuevas y diferentes, más que en la acumulación de productos.

¿Cómo se percibe la salud en la 'liquid modernity'?

La salud en la 'liquid modernity' se percibe como algo que se debe mantener constantemente, similar a cómo se mantiene el agua en un frasco. No se vive en un estado de salud permanente, sino que se debe trabajar en el estado de salud a través de ejercicio, dietas y consultas médicas regulares.

¿Cómo se ven afectadas las nociones de tiempo y espacio en la 'liquid modernity'?

En la 'liquid modernity', el tiempo y el espacio cambian drásticamente. El tiempo se percibe como una serie de momentos instantáneos y no hay un espacio definido. La tecnología y la globalización permiten a las personas estar en diferentes lugares simultáneamente, eliminando la barrera física del espacio y transformando el tiempo en un concepto más fluido.

¿Por qué es relevante el análisis de Bauman para entender el mundo actual?

El análisis de Bauman es relevante porque permite entender el mundo en el que vivimos hoy, no solo en términos de redes y conectividad, sino también en cómo se forman las sociedades actuales, las formas de educación y los valores que se promueven, como la importancia de la movilidad y la experiencia en lugar de la acumulación de bienes.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introducción a la Postmodernidad

El primer párrafo presenta el tema de la postmodernidad, un concepto ampliamente utilizado en la actualidad. Se menciona a Zygmunt Bauman, un sociologo y filósofo polaco radicado en Inglaterra, cuyo texto 'Liquid Modernity' se utilizará para aclarar esta etapa histórica actual. Bauman argumenta que no se ha alcanzado el final de la modernidad, sino que los ideales modernos se han intensificado, dando lugar a una 'hiperindividualidad' y un capitalismo exacerbado, entre otros. Propone la distinción entre 'solid modernity' y 'liquid modernity', sugiriendo que estamos experimentando una transformación de ideales sólidos a un estado líquido.

05:07

🏗️ Características de la Modernidad Sólida y Líquida

Se contrastan las propiedades de los sólidos con las de los líquidos para entender mejor la modernidad sólida y líquida. La modernidad sólida está caracterizada por formas bien definidas, estabilidad y peso, como en la manufactura de objetos duraderos y la adquisición de bienes raíces en un lugar específico. Por otro lado, la modernidad líquida se asocia con la ligereza, la facilidad de movimiento y la falta de ataduras espaciales, lo que sugiere una vida más dinámica y menos estable.

10:08

💼 Cambios en el Trabajo y la Vida Familiar en la Modernidad Líquida

Este párrafo explora cómo la modernidad líquida ha transformado el trabajo y las relaciones familiares. En el ámbito laboral, se abordan temas como la flexibilidad laboral, la falta de estabilidad en las carreras y la prevalencia de la autoempleada. En cuanto a las relaciones familiares, se señala un cambio hacia vínculos más ambiguos y una red de conexiones en lugar de lazos fuertes y duraderos, lo que se refleja en la popularidad de las redes sociales y la forma en que se establecen las relaciones en la era digital.

15:13

🎨 La Experiencia como Nuevo Valor en la Postmodernidad

La postmodernidad prioriza la experiencia por encima del valor de uso de los productos. Se discute cómo la sociedad actual valora la novedad y la experiencia, como en el caso de los restaurantes que ofrecen una experiencia única más allá de la calidad de la comida. También se menciona el consumo de salud y la percepción de la salud como algo que debe ser mantenido activamente, en lugar de un estado permanente.

20:18

👥 Transformación de las Relaciones Personales y la Educación

Se analiza cómo las relaciones personales y la educación se ven afectadas por la modernidad líquida. Las relaciones se vuelven más efímeras y se pueden desmantelar fácilmente, lo que reduce la sensación de inseguridad que podría surgir de tener múltiples conexiones labes. La educación también se ve influenciada por los medios de comunicación, y se enfatiza la importancia de consumir experiencias en lugar de productos materializados.

25:19

⏱️ Cambio en las Nociones de Tiempo y Espacio en la Modernidad Líquida

El tiempo y el espacio en la postmodernidad se perciben de manera diferente. El tiempo se conceptualiza como una serie de momentos instantáneos, y el espacio deja de ser una barrera física gracias a la tecnología, permitiendo la movilidad y la interacción simultánea en diferentes lugares. Esto se refleja en la arquitectura y en la forma en que se planifican las vidas, con menos énfasis en la permanencia y más en la experiencia y la flexibilidad.

🌐 Conclusión: La Importancia de la Modernidad Líquida en el Mundo Actual

El último párrafo resume la importancia de comprender la modernidad líquida para apreciar los cambios tecnológicos y sociales que estamos experimentando. Se alentan a los espectadores a leer el texto de Bauman para obtener una comprensión más profunda de la sociedad actual y a reflexionar sobre los valores y la educación que deseamos para el futuro.

Keywords

💡Postmodernidad

La postmodernidad es un término utilizado para describir un período histórico caracterizado por la incredulidad hacia los grandes relatos y la búsqueda de la identidad. En el video, se relaciona con la liquidez de la modernidad, donde las certezas se convierten en cuestionamientos y la individualidad se hiperrealiza. Ejemplo: '...es un tema que se utiliza mucho en tiempos recientes y se dice que es moderno, los postmodernos, a veces no se conoce muy bien que sería postmoderno...'

💡Zygmunt Bauman

Zygmunt Bauman fue un sociólogo y filósofo polaco que residía en Inglaterra, conocido por sus teorías sobre la sociedad contemporánea. En el video, su obra 'Liquid Modernity' es utilizada para explicar el concepto de la modernidad líquida. Ejemplo: '...vamos a usar un texto por Bauman, un polaco, sociólogo y filósofo que se encuentra en Inglaterra...'

💡Modernidad Líquida

La modernidad líquida es un concepto de Bauman que describe cómo los ideales de la modernidad se han exagerado y transformado en una nueva fase histórica. En el video, se asocia con la flexibilidad y la capacidad de cambio. Ejemplo: '...va a llamar a la modernidad como la conocíamos, temprana modernidad o seca, y la va a llamar modernidad líquida...'

💡Solidez

La solidez se refiere a las propiedades de los sólidos, como mantener su forma y ser estables. En el contexto del video, la 'solid modernidad' se caracteriza por tener formas bien definidas y ciertos ideales como la seguridad y la durabilidad. Ejemplo: '...si pensamos en solidez, es fácil darse cuenta de las propiedades que tienen los sólidos...'

💡Liqueza

La liqueza se refiere a las propiedades de los líquidos, como cambiar de forma y ser ligeros. En el video, la 'liquid modernity' se asocia con la flexibilidad y la facilidad de moverse, en contraste con la rigidez de la 'solid modernity'. Ejemplo: '...si pensamos en el líquido, por ejemplo aquí tengo una botella, el líquido cambia constantemente...'

💡Individualidad

La individualidad hace referencia a la importancia de la identidad y la autonomía del ser humano. En el video, se menciona cómo en la liquid modernity la individualidad se convierte en 'hiperindividualidad'. Ejemplo: '...por ejemplo, la individualidad se convierte en hiperindividualidad...'

💡Capitalismo

El capitalismo es un sistema económico basado en la propiedad privada y la competencia. En el video, se sugiere que en la liquid modernity, el capitalismo se exacerba y se intensifica. Ejemplo: '...supongamos que el capitalismo se exacerba aún más y así sucesivamente...'

💡Flexibilidad Laboral

La flexibilidad laboral se refiere a la capacidad de los trabajadores de adaptarse a cambios en el empleo y los roles laborales. En el video, se discute cómo esta flexibilidad se ha convertido en una característica de la vida laboral en la liquid modernity. Ejemplo: '...en la vida laboral, empieza a ser prioritario y muchos trabajadores dicen: Yo soy mi propia empresa...'

💡Experiencia

La experiencia hace referencia a la importancia de vivir situaciones nuevas y únicas. En el video, se argumenta que en la postmodernidad, lo que se valora no es tanto el valor de uso de un producto, sino la experiencia que se vive. Ejemplo: '...lo que empieza a valer no es tanto el producto o el valor útil que tiene, sino más bien la posibilidad de elegir vivir nuevas experiencias...'

💡Ligas Sociales

Ligas sociales se refiere a las conexiones y relaciones personales en la sociedad. En el video, se menciona cómo en la liquid modernity, estas ligas se vuelven más ambiguas y se organizan en forma de red. Ejemplo: '...en la postmodernidad esto cambia, no hay ya una liga que sea la liga par excellence y que sea fuerte...'

💡Consumo

El consumo no solo se refiere a la compra de bienes y servicios, sino también a la forma en que se valoran las experiencias y la identidad en la sociedad. En el video, se discute cómo en la liquid modernity, el consumo se centra en adquirir experiencias y mostrar poder de elección. Ejemplo: '...en la liquid modernidad, o postmodernidad, decimos que compramos celulares no tanto porque...'

💡Salud

La salud en el video se presenta como algo que ha perdido su solidez y se ha vuelto en un estado que debe ser mantenido activamente. Ejemplo: '...en la postmodernidad esto no ocurre, la salud se convierte en algo que pierde su forma como el agua...'

💡Educación

La educación se menciona en relación con la formación de sujetos críticos y consumidores en la sociedad. En el video, se cuestiona qué tipo de educación y sociedad se desea formar. Ejemplo: '...si queremos entrenar sujetos productivos y críticos, ¿qué sociedad queremos formar?...'

💡Tiempo y Espacio

El tiempo y el espacio en el video se discuten en el contexto de cómo han cambiado con la liquid modernity, pasando de una vida estable y predecible a una serie de momentos e瞬és que valoran la instantaneidad y la movilidad. Ejemplo: '...el tiempo y el espacio, por ejemplo en la solid modernidad, el espacio de alguien definido...'

Highlights

El tema principal de la charla es la postmodernidad, una categoría utilizada frecuentemente en tiempos recientes.

Se utilizará un texto de Zygmunt Bauman, un sociólogo y filósofo polaco que reside en Inglaterra, para aclarar la postmodernidad.

Bauman no utiliza el término postmodernidad, sino 'líquido moderno', ya que considera que los ideales de la modernidad se han exagerado.

La modernidad se caracteriza por formas bien definidas, peso y estabilidad, mientras que la modernidad líquida es ligera y en constante cambio.

La modernidad sólida se asocia con la certeza y la duración, mientras que la líquida implica ligereza y facilidad de movimiento.

La vida en la modernidad líquida implica una constante búsqueda de nuevas experiencias y la valoración de la experiencia por sobre la utilidad.

En la modernidad líquida, la flexibilidad laboral y la capacidad de adaptación son más importantes que la estabilidad en un trabajo fijo.

La compra de productos en la postmodernidad se centra en la experiencia y la capacidad de elegir, más allá del valor de uso.

Las relaciones personales en la postmodernidad se vuelven más labes y rediles, en lugar de fuertes y duraderas.

La salud en la modernidad líquida es algo que se mantiene y se sustenta activamente, en lugar de ser un estado permanente.

La educación en la postmodernidad busca formar sujetos críticos y consumidores de experiencias, no solo productores.

El concepto de tiempo y espacio cambia en la postmodernidad, con una mayor valoración de la instantaneidad y la movilidad.

La tecnología y las redes sociales juegan un papel crucial en la formación de las relaciones y la comunicación en la postmodernidad.

La modernidad líquida permite una mayor libertad y movilidad en las relaciones personales y laborales.

El texto de Bauman ofrece una perspectiva actual y relevante para entender el mundo en el que vivimos y sus características tecnológicas.

El libro de Bauman es altamente recomendable para comprender y replantear cuestiones sobre la sociedad y la educación que queremos formar.

Transcripts

Hello, very good, how are you? I hope very good. The topic that we are going to talk today is the topic of

postmodernity. It is a topic or a category that is used in recent times a lot and it

is said that it is modern, those postmodern, sometimes it is not known very well that it would be postmodern

to understand a little stock we are going to use a text by bauman by zygmunt bauman a polish

sociologist and philosopher who is currently just in england and we are going to use this

text for the clarity in which it conveys beyond whether or not he speaks of postmodernity the

clarity with which it transmits this specific historical stage that we are currently experiencing

he is not going to use the term postmodernity for different reasons first bauman in the text

first I am going to show him this text it is called liquid modernity well he is going to call it as

modernity liquid because he calls it liquid modernity which many know as postmodernity

or our current stage for the simple reason that he does not believe that It has been the

end of modernity and we have passed to a new stage. Rather, what he observes is that the ideals

of modernity are exaggerated, exacerbated, let's say the same thing that

modernity was looking for, they all appear exaggerated, for example, individuality becomes a hyper

individuality suppose capitalism is exacerbated even more and so on well

and apart he believes that all modernity not modernity and whether it is solid or liquid is

a process in which nothing was done other than liquefying olic of a process of liquefaction of

certain ideals of modernity that were solid and become liquid that is why liquefaction goes

from solid to liquid then he is going to call modernity as we knew it

early modernity or dry modernity is going to call it solid modernity and I put it He is

going to call it a liquid currency, either because he says that those categories of

liquid solids allow him to explain better or are more explicit. It is necessary to talk about postmodernity well

then for this we have to understand what is solid and what is liquid to understand

what solid modernity is and that liquid modernity, well if we think about solidity, it is easy to

realize the properties that solids have. properties of solids if we grasp this book

is that it does not lose its shape for example the shape is quite stable at least then if it does not

lose its shape but it is stable that it is heavy with these heavy books are heavy for example they

occupy a well defined space clearly I end up with a very clear space

instead the liquid if we think about the liquid for example here I have a bottle not the liquid

changes constantly if we see it changes shape it is light and does not necessarily have a

defined space here because there is the bottle that It contains but if it does not have it, the floor is overturned, it is

filtered, there is no clearly defined space, then Bauman is going to say that solid

modernity is carved. acteriza for having well-defined shapes due to the predominance of the heavy does not do

not think about the machines the cars do not think for example modern times heavy machinery things

to last a long time the included objects manufactured made to last in time

then we did it has a defined shape they have a heavy are they occupy a specific space

for example the houses one thinks of modernity you had to buy a specific land in a

specific place and so on and this basically characterizes modernity ignores

solid modernity also certainties the idea that they would make certainties ideals, let's say they were taken

as certainty, well, this would characterize solid modernity, on the other hand, liquid modernity

, if we just take the characteristics that we saw of liquids, we are going to say that

all lighter all lighter must be able to move easily it is more important now not that something

is solid but to be able to move easily not to have ties that is not pu is that no, not not having things

that despite dragging things either links or material objects having too many houses

are things that anchor liquid modernity aside that is not well seen we said that

things were constantly changing so let's say everything the life of a subject of liquid

modernity of postmodernity is going to be to keep the shape constantly we said that the space

had no relevance then why because one can be simultaneously on different sides

not with the internet for example, at this moment I am in the house of the person who is looking at me

and simultaneously that is, space is no longer a problem, the idea of ​​the instantaneous appears

, time thought as instantaneous, that is going to be an important value in postmodernity or

liquid modernity, whatever you want to call it Well now well then we already know the differences in

modernity I am the modal and that to solid modernity we said how heavy what does not change

shape what is ma n has in time and so on the change only liquid is what influences what

is light slight does not depend on space etc. well now these characteristics are going to be found,

let's say, in certain questions if one analyzes or makes a sociological analysis of the two epochs,

for example if One analyzes work, family, ties, school, and others will find

that these characteristics appear within these of these units of analysis, let's take one,

for example, work, employment, we will see that employment also becomes something solid

of something fixed where there were certainties where there were career plans where the person began and

died in the same job began and died in the same position they think in modern times chaplin

not always doing the same completely routine task where it required to be controlled

where the same workers look for a work in a fixed dependency relationship in time

we are going to move into liquid modernity postmodernity to liquid characteristics at work

what are liquid characteristics and we think labor flexibility we think of an employee

today knows when he enters a company but does not know in which position he is going to leave he can end up

as a manager he can end up as in the same position as he can end Anywhere

we also think that nowadays no one would stay in the same job all their lives,

in fact also working on one side they are always looking for something better to

change, independent work begins to be prioritized and many workers say

I am my own company and the youngest are even looking for the generations

as it is called now generation sxc eta whatever they want to call they seek new experiences

at work and this idea of ​​experience I am going to take up because it is very important

on the other hand it is sought that workers do not do the same simple task In other words, it is a

rigid task but they are flexible, that is, because at any time if someone is missing

or someone happens to replace him and in that sense he can no longer find control

it is no longer something important it is not important to control it but it is important that the

person is responsible out there that he is flexible that he is adaptive no and this is good after you

see the selection processes but I want to return to the idea of ​​experience

because, for example, in solid modernity or dry modernity, a characteristic was

that we bought products, we bought products for their use value, I

bought a refrigerator to cool food when the Refrigerator that made

and bought other good ones, that is, they were worth as much as use value in liquid modernity

or postmodernity, we can say that we buy cell phones not so much anymore because

new ones appear, for example, then the use value is no longer important, that is, to be at

the vanguard of the latest technology but not because it really serves me or for example

there are people who go and buy a suppose You join a meal in a restaurant that has some paintings

some paintings that are unique are not in any other restaurant and have an aesthetic, let's say

with certain characteristics that make it very unique, they are restored then one says but

if a person goes to a restaurant it is logical It would be that they go through the community that what they consume,

however postmodernity that no longer happens, the food itself is not important, there

are probably other restaurants with the same food, however, people who go and pay more in that

restaurant because it has that aesthetic what they are paying for is an experience they are paying for

the experience of something different so what begins to be worth is no longer the product or

the useful value of utility that it has but rather the possibility of choosing to live new

experiences on the other hand to buy products that We are not served by what it allows you to show

people in postmodernity or what it gives you is the power to choose to know that you have

the ability to e choose eyes not everyone can the equipment that not everyone has we can say

in the capital to be able to have the resources to be able to buy the problem is also that

postmodernity that demand to choose not to buy in order to have the freedom to

choose is for everyone not for the one who has the resources only but for everyone, so

in that sense one can find people who, let's say, barely make ends meet and

yet spend money on things that don't need this in solid modernity, it wouldn't happen, let's say

one bought a refrigerator. and the other one sold or it or bought it when it broke

on the other hand the products were made to last nowadays the products are practically

disposable they are getting lighter and smaller they are also getting smaller and more transportable if

we think the goal was of the liquid and with the links pass exactly the same if one thinks,

for example, the linking relationships happens the same because because in the family for example

l he family in solid modernity, let's say the institution came or rather the links will be

regulated apart from a specific institution that in marriage the idea of ​​a man-woman

marriage was a strong bond, we can say a very strong well-tied bond in which being

a single bond or poor in the amount of bond in the people but in bonds they were of quality, what

generated was that that bond was maintained throughout life the marriage one sent vows

for life now then people related to little people with very strong ties

friends also childhood friends were for life in solid

modernity now in postmodernity this changes there is no longer a bond that is the link par excellence and

that is strong etc. Links become a little more ambiguous and we

begin to link not directly, for example husband and wife and strong bond, we do not begin

to link in the form of a network with many people simultaneously where none is more much more

important than the other this one sees clearly the social networks in whatsapp etc. now that

there is less security nowadays because the links have proliferated and are more and more labile

that is to say every time if Well, these links proliferated in the form of a network, those links became, let's say,

weak links, well then, modern people are less secure, not really,

what happens is that before one had a strong link and what guaranteed was, let's say, the quality

of that link it gave security in modernity in postmodernity let's say go the other way

one has a lot of ties they are all labile but if you fight with someone you still

have if you have a hundred ties one hundred friends and they fight with you it does not matter you have

ninety-nine more in that sense it does not change too much and on the other hand, since the links are

very very slight, very very very superficial, they are easy to disassemble, that is, in the first

In that in the first change that one other person generates impediments or thinks

differently from me or I did not accompany my personal development, I cut that link and I continue with

others with other relationships, so it must be easy to dismantle those links

and for that There does not have to be any other involvement, it is more if they are not face to face, better facebook the

key key case there are people who only interact through facebook, what generates that

is that relationships become then many relationships in postmodernity a subject has

many We can think of relationships in the form of a network, they are all skillful, they are easy to

dismantle, we try to have the minimum possible involvement, the minimum possible direct contact,

and we can also think that this is also helped by technology,

instead solid modernity dry water if we think of a person 1940

for example we are going to realize that it was actually a bond and it was

the bond par excellence was family ties by For example, and we can think about what

the video was cut, things that happen,

well, we had remained in the question of linking the idea more or less is, that is, before there was

marriage in solid modernity and marriage was a pre - established scheduled link

that it was a man-woman marriage It was at that time that I had to take care of each other

in the illness, health was strongly regulated as it had to be related, instead in

the unit position or the liquid modality and the links begin to return, they are no longer so solid

but they are skillful they are weak they are many they are not some and we see it a lot in the form of a network as the

social network we had said such as whatsapp etc. it is important that they are labile or weak links

so that they can be easily dismantled in the first time it becomes problematic

then I have thousands of friends but the first one that causes me a short problem, the bond is more

if I do not know him face to face, the better because it is easier to dismantle that is why l social networks or

whatsapp are so successful because when I do not have face-to-face contact it is easier to

cut off communication with that person and I don't care because I have 50 100 more than 100 friends more

than this postmodernity in modernity let's say one had only one partner He had two

childhood friends that he built all his life and at this time let's say the bonds were strong then

no matter how much there were fights or whatever, the bonds were held for a long time so

that's why many people in, for example, with all the problems that they dragged they did not separate

or they did not divorce nowadays of the most common another important question is that we say if the

marriage its strongly guided institution of how it is necessary to relate nowadays no longer the

marriage does not have weight nowadays couples What do they do? They say we are together we are together and

this, let's say, is the most ambiguous thing there is because what it is for each of us to be together is completely

different, so let's say it opens up to a plurality of completely different forms of interaction if

this is about the links then the links may be weaker but what they

generate is greater mobility and possibility of change regarding the links one day you are in a couple so

the next day you can cut calmly being with another person or if it bothers you or it becomes

an implement they have a couple of frictions they cut to something else that is why it is so easy to dismantle

the links that modernity would not have solid modernity it would not have been possible to think

that otherwise it has that allowing mobility in postmodernity liquid modernity in terms

of the couple becomes something that does not allow the person to be free or goes against the freedom

of the people is already a problem on the other hand in modernity soya does not work in any other way

It is a strongly ingrained bond and one that is burdened with it for a long time, even though it

may be conflictive, well good, this will also affect others in other uni Dades analysis

for example at school or in the best education such as an institution to be

educated in solid modernity say think factory not like in modern times and so

educated that the bodies are or producers subject to produce something Think of the

industrial college, the industrial college, and that was not produced either, it was trying to

generate bodies that are productive and this was spoken by a very interesting text that is to

monitor and punish in case someone does not want to monitor and punish

this issue. He speaks when he talks about it

about power, he speaks precisely about this question, he will touch on but we base ourselves on the issue of

postmodernity, which is what education is going to look for, who are the main sources

of education, the media, the media, I don't know if they are the main ones But they are a great source,

television, internet, etc., and what kind of subjects are producers who are not consumers

well, and what are those who are going to consume? erpos or those subjects or people no longer

products it is not important to accumulate products as it was in solid modernity but it is

important to consume experiences to consume something different and that is what allows us to explain

why a person can change their cell phone when it is still working for having the last one,

or you can change the television also when it works for having the last one with a flat screen

and I don't know that the use value doesn't matter anymore that is the point, the use value doesn't matter what

matters is as long as I generate a different experience if we had already mentioned this

on the one hand this on the other hand also appears a consumption regarding health health was

thought of solid modernity as let's say one in health was something solid something stable

one lived in health in a state of health until at some point out there he got sick

and the doctor helps you to restore it and you were still in health let's say while you were not sick

you were in health that is it was something solid something permanent now in postmodernity this

does not happen health happens to be something that loses its shape like water that has to be maintained as

like water the bottle needs the bottle to keep the shape of the bottle the water does not

want what it wants To say that that means that we no longer live in a state of health, you have to stay in

shape to be in good health, which is to stay in good shape, exercise, consume certain

diets, buy certain cosmetic products, consult your doctor regularly, that is, if

you want to enter Within health you have to ask certain questions because the first time

you stop making it lose is the way to lose health, it is understood that it is something that must be sustained

over time, even the concept of health changes all the time, let's say what it does well today. way

that bad then all the time changing also loses its shape at the same time it becomes a one also

a liquid market and somehow this we think we said to work the links such as suddenly not

education health

we can think of the categories of time and space

the category of time and space for example in the solid bite the space of someone defined

we bought houses large houses that will last located in a certain place and there we would say

people bought the house had his family and he thought about the house even for the grandchildren

that is to say there was no thought of mobility to move the space was defined that

person had the house well defined the defined job always went the same job the same

place in a defined position thinks in the chaplin chaplin in the production line had a

certain place this is imposed by taylorism for example not in the production line there is a

certain space to do your work in a certain space where the family is there is a

certain space let's say and the people He did not travel so much because he did not travel so much because he accumulated

goods so he could not carry everything, let's say there was no possibility The ability to be cosmopolitan, that is,

to be able to travel today ends tomorrow, there was no longer that possibility of mobility, then

the space was strongly central, solid modernity, let's say time was half as frozen, it

did not imply too much because because I said a house chosen forever then in That sense

can place too much in temporality, time was also limited because if I wanted to

communicate with someone I had to travel to where that person was if time was something

that was thought was limited by space because of distance, it is not really an impediment

time to communicate with someone in solid modernity but an impediment of space to approach

the car, for example, the car arises as the main attempt to liquefy this solid,

which was time, the car began to allow the first rapid mobility, however

postmodernity We no longer speak of fast mobilities but of snapshots of instantaneity

changes the n oration of time the instantaneous thing that allows the instantaneous erase the space because

because it allows to be simultaneously in different places I can be here speaking now but I can

be I am in his house of the spirit that is watching me I am in the house speaking at that moment

for more if I am on two simultaneous sides, that is, space is no longer a

physical impediment for people the first sense in the space category disappears the time

category becomes moments one listens to couples for example to have a good time

they come together to have a good time then time in postmodernity or liquid modernity

is thought of as a succession of moments of moments that last as something instantaneous

that do not have a defined space so people seek to mobilize they do not want to be in

the same space they do not want buy a house once and for all then in that sense

also the properties are increasingly made with more precarious materials The more and more simple

cathedrals are no longer made, castles and things to last over time as I do not know how, like the

old buildings or the Victorian era, it is no longer necessary that or building with

materials and people and heavy is no longer Because because people seek us to live in

a house all their lives they seek to move, know travel, have few things that tie them to a

place spatially, so the categories of time and space also change with good

weather, basically we can leave the subject here because because It is like the main variables

that are going to be found in the text and the same thing I always say if you are interested you

can get this text on the internet and well and it is a cheap price also if you want to read it

so I recommend it and it is a A book that is very current in that sense, Bauman would seem to

be like Greece ahead of the time and the categories that it gives us that the

solid style eaves present allow us to think about all the questions. Technological situations that continue to

emerge this not only allows this question of the network or of everything connected etc. to think, for

example, globalization was raised at the time but it is but it begins to allow us

to think about social networks and also allows us to think what is WhatsApp and probably

new things that are appearing does not seem to me to be a text that is extremely important because it

allows us to understand the world in which we are living today, not the characteristics, and it

also allows us to understand things that we take as assumptions for example what

is a value to travel you have to move than to travel

for example I do not know not the fact of constantly changing jobs or the fact of having

200 thousand contacts and things that one are new as naturalized but they are not so natural so

it seems to me that in that sense allows us to rethink certain issues also the type of education

we are having if we want to train this in my case I also have a teaching task so

if we want to train producers and consumers critical subjects what do we want to

form what kind of society do we want this basic good I think it's an extremely interesting book

so good if you want I invite you to read it and well I hope this has served you brief

explanation see you in a next video and if you like it, you can like me thank you