Что такое UEFI и BIOS?🤔 КОРОТКО и ЯСНО обо всём!✅

КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ ФИШКИ И НЕ ТОЛЬКО

9 May 202410:53

Summary

TLDRThis YouTube video from the 'Компьютерные фишки' channel dives into the differences between BIOS and UEFI, two types of firmware used to boot up computers. BIOS, the Basic Input/Output System, has been around since the 1980s and is limited to booting from hard drives up to 2.1 TB and operates in a 16-bit mode with only 1 MB of memory. UEFI, the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, is a newer standard that overcomes BIOS's limitations, supporting larger drives and operating in a 32-bit or 64-bit mode. It also introduces a graphical user interface, mouse support, and secure boot options. The video explains how UEFI is a significant upgrade that most modern computers use, making them more efficient and capable of supporting advanced hardware without users needing to understand the underlying firmware changes.

Takeaways

🌟 BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is a low-level program stored on a chip on your computer's motherboard that initializes hardware components and starts the operating system.
🔄 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a newer standard that replaces traditional BIOS, offering faster boot times, support for larger hard drives, and a graphical interface.
🚫 Traditional BIOS has limitations, such as only supporting hard drives up to 2.1 TB and operating in a 16-bit processor mode with only 1 MB of memory.
🛠️ UEFI supports emulation of BIOS, allowing users to install and run older operating systems that expect BIOS instead of UEFI.
💾 BIOS settings are saved in CMOS memory, which is being phased out in favor of flash memory, also known as EEPROM.
🔗 UEFI uses GPT (GUID Partition Table) instead of MBR (Master Boot Record), which allows for larger disk sizes and more efficient partitioning.
🛡️ UEFI includes features like Secure Boot, which ensures that the operating system has not been tampered with by malicious software.
🌐 UEFI can support networking, enabling remote configuration and debugging, which is not possible with traditional BIOS.
🖥️ Accessing UEFI settings may require entering the boot menu or using a specific key during startup, which can vary between manufacturers.
⚙️ UEFI is essentially a small operating system that runs on top of the computer's firmware, capable of more complex tasks than BIOS.
⏱️ Computers with UEFI boot faster and can support modern hardware and features, providing a smoother user experience without needing to understand the underlying firmware changes.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?
-The main topic discussed in the video script is the difference between BIOS (Basic Input Output System) and UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), and the transition from BIOS to UEFI in modern computers.
What does BIOS stand for?
-BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, which is a low-level program stored on a chip on the motherboard of a computer.
What is UEFI?
-UEFI stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, a newer solution that replaces the traditional BIOS and provides a more advanced booting process with features like support for larger hard drives, faster boot times, and a graphical interface.
Why is UEFI considered an improvement over BIOS?
-UEFI is considered an improvement over BIOS because it supports larger hard drives, boots faster, is more secure, and features a graphical interface with mouse support, among other enhancements.
What is the main limitation of BIOS that UEFI addresses?
-One of the main limitations of BIOS is that it can only boot from hard drives with a capacity of up to 2.1 TB, while UEFI supports much larger volumes and uses GPT (GUID Partition Table) instead of MBR (Master Boot Record).
How does UEFI support larger hard drives compared to BIOS?
-UEFI supports larger hard drives by using GPT instead of MBR, which allows for the management of hard drives with capacities far beyond the 2.1 TB limit imposed by BIOS.
What is the theoretical limit for storage devices supported by UEFI?
-The theoretical limit for storage devices supported by UEFI is 9.4 Zettabytes, which is significantly larger than the 2.1 TB limit of BIOS.
What is Secure Boot and how does UEFI support it?
-Secure Boot is a feature that allows the verification of the integrity of the operating system during the boot process to prevent tampering by malicious software. UEFI supports Secure Boot, enhancing the security of the boot process.
How does UEFI differ from BIOS in terms of its execution environment?
-UEFI can operate in 32-bit or 64-bit modes, providing a larger addressable space compared to BIOS, which operates in a 16-bit mode. This allows for faster boot times and more advanced features.
Why might some users not notice the transition from BIOS to UEFI on their computers?
-Some users might not notice the transition from BIOS to UEFI because the change is often seamless, with UEFI providing backward compatibility and improved performance without requiring user intervention.
What is the significance of the transition from BIOS to UEFI for modern computers?
-The transition from BIOS to UEFI is significant as it allows modern computers to better support contemporary hardware and software, offering improved performance, security, and compatibility with larger storage devices and advanced booting features.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Introduction to BIOS and UEFI

This paragraph introduces the viewers to the topic of BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), explaining the fundamental differences between the two. The speaker begins by greeting the audience on their YouTube channel and stating the aim of the video, which is to discuss BIOS and UEFI in simple terms. The script mentions that most new computers or laptops use UEFI firmware instead of traditional BIOS. UEFI is described as a newer solution that supports larger hard drives, loads faster, is more secure, and features a graphical interface with mouse support. Some new computers still refer to UEFI as BIOS to avoid confusing users who are accustomed to traditional PCs. The paragraph also explains what BIOS is, its role in booting up a computer, and its limitations, such as the inability to boot from hard drives larger than 2.1 TB and its 16-bit processor mode restriction. The BIOS's evolution and the introduction of ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) are briefly touched upon, highlighting the need for a more advanced firmware solution like UEFI.

05:00

🚀 Transition from BIOS to UEFI

This paragraph delves into the history and development of UEFI as a replacement for BIOS. It starts by mentioning Intel's early work on an extended interface in 1998 and Apple's adoption of Intel architecture in 2006, which led to the development of UEFI. The paragraph then discusses how major industry players, including Intel, AMD, and Microsoft, agreed on the UEFI specification in 2007, creating a new industry standard. The speaker explains that UEFI overcomes BIOS limitations by supporting hard drives larger than 2.2 terabytes and operating in a 32-bit or 64-bit mode, which allows for faster boot times and more attractive settings screens with graphical support. UEFI also incorporates features like Secure Boot for security and network capabilities for remote configuration and debugging. The paragraph highlights that most computers today use UEFI instead of BIOS, and it discusses how UEFI settings can be accessed, often through the Windows boot menu, due to manufacturers' preference for not slowing down the boot process with key presses as in traditional BIOS setups.

10:02

🔍 Exploring UEFI and Future Video Content

The final paragraph wraps up the video by summarizing the key points discussed about UEFI and its advantages over BIOS. It emphasizes that while the transition to UEFI has been significant, most users may not notice the change as their computers simply work better and support more modern hardware and features. The speaker also teases upcoming video content, promising to cover how to access BIOS and UEFI settings, the differences between GPT and MBR disk partitioning schemes, and how to access the boot menu without entering BIOS or UEFI. The paragraph ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the YouTube channel, like the video, and follow for more life hacks and useful content. It concludes with a friendly sign-off, wishing viewers a positive attitude and clear skies, and promising to meet again in future videos.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is a low-level software stored on a chip on the motherboard of a computer. In the context of the video, BIOS is responsible for booting up the computer by waking up its hardware components and ensuring they are functioning correctly before launching the operating system. The script mentions that most new computers use UEFI instead of traditional BIOS, indicating an evolution in the technology.

💡UEFI

UEFI stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. It is a newer solution compared to BIOS, providing a more modern approach to booting up a computer. The script highlights that UEFI supports larger hard drives, faster boot times, enhanced security, and a graphical user interface with mouse support. It also mentions that some new computers still refer to UEFI as BIOS to avoid confusing users accustomed to traditional PCs.

💡MBR

MBR stands for Master Boot Record. It is a section of the computer's boot drive that stores information needed to boot the operating system. The script explains that after POST (Power-on self-test), BIOS looks for the MBR to initiate the boot process. UEFI, on the other hand, uses a different partitioning scheme called GPT, which overcomes some limitations of MBR.

💡POST

POST stands for Power-on self-test. It is a diagnostic process that runs when a computer starts up, checking the hardware configuration and its functionality. The script describes that if there are any issues, the user will see error messages on the screen or hear beeps from the system block, which are explained in the computer's manual.

💡ACPI

ACPI stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. It is an interface that allows for more advanced configuration and power management of devices. The script mentions that BIOS evolved to include ACPI, which made it easier to configure devices and manage power states like sleep mode.

💡GPT

GPT stands for GUID Partition Table. It is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical hard disk. The script explains that UEFI uses GPT instead of MBR, allowing for booting from drives larger than 2.2 TB and overcoming some of the limitations of the MBR.

💡Secure Boot

Secure Boot is a security standard used by UEFI to help ensure that the system boots using a valid and untampered bootloader and operating system. The script mentions that UEFI supports Secure Boot, which can verify that the operating system has not been altered by malicious software.

💡Booting

Booting refers to the process of starting up a computer system. In the script, the term is used to describe the sequence of events that occur when a computer is turned on, from the initial hardware checks by POST to the loading of the operating system via BIOS or UEFI.

💡Hardware Components

Hardware Components are the physical parts of a computer, such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and storage devices. The script discusses how BIOS is responsible for waking up these components during the boot process and ensuring they are functioning correctly.

💡Firmware

Firmware refers to software that provides the low-level control for a computer's specific hardware. In the script, UEFI is described as a type of firmware that replaces the traditional BIOS, offering improved functionality and compatibility with modern hardware.

Highlights

BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is a low-level program stored on the chip of your computer's motherboard.

BIOS is responsible for waking up the hardware components of the computer and checking if they are working correctly before booting the operating system.

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a newer solution that supports larger hard drives, faster boot times, and has a graphical interface with mouse support.

UEFI is more secure and convenient than traditional BIOS, and most new computers or laptops use UEFI firmware.

Some new computers still refer to UEFI as BIOS to avoid confusing users who are accustomed to traditional PCs.

BIOS has limitations such as only being able to boot from hard drives with a capacity of up to 2.1 TB.

BIOS operates in a 16-bit processor mode and has only 1 MB of memory available, causing issues with initializing multiple devices simultaneously.

UEFI overcomes BIOS limitations, allowing booting from disks with a volume of more than 2.2 TB and supports up to 9.4 ZB of data.

UEFI uses GPT (GUID Partition Table) instead of MBR (Master Boot Record) for disk partitioning.

UEFI can operate in 32-bit or 64-bit modes, providing a larger address space and faster boot times compared to BIOS.

UEFI supports Secure Boot, which checks that the operating system has not been altered by malicious software during the boot process.

UEFI can support network operations, allowing for remote configuration and debugging.

UEFI is not just a replacement for BIOS; it is a small operating system that runs on top of the firmware of a personal computer.

Accessing UEFI settings on modern personal computers might require the Windows boot menu, as manufacturers did not want to slow down the boot process.

Most users of personal computers will not notice the transition from BIOS to UEFI, as the computer will simply work better and support more modern hardware and features.

The video will cover how to access BIOS and UEFI settings, the difference between GPT and MBR disk partitioning schemes, and how to access the boot menu without entering BIOS or UEFI in future episodes.