Anatomi Systema Respiratorium : Diaphragma et Musculi respiratorium

Summary

This video from the anatomy lab at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta offers an educational overview of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm. It explains the role of various muscles, such as the intercostal muscles (external and internal), levator costae, and the diaphragm, in the respiratory process. The video also explores the muscle origins, insertions, and their contributions to inspiration and expiration, along with the nerves and arteries that support them. Key anatomical features like the tendinous center and surrounding structures are discussed in detail.

Takeaways

• 🫁 The respiratory system involves muscles that assist in breathing, primarily located within the ribcage.
• 💪 The intercostal muscles play a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of the chest during respiration.
• 📚 There are two types of intercostal muscles: external and internal intercostal muscles, with different orientations and functions.
• 🩻 The external intercostal muscles help in lifting the ribs during inspiration, facilitating lung expansion.
• 🔍 The internal intercostal muscles assist in forced expiration by pulling the ribs downward.
• 🧠 The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and is vital for respiration.
• 🏋️‍♂️ The diaphragm has three parts: the sternal, costal, and lumbar portions, each contributing to its dome shape.
• 🩸 Several arteries supply the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, including the posterior intercostal arteries and the phrenic arteries.
• 🌬️ Nervous control of respiratory muscles is provided by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve.
• 🦴 Respiratory muscles, especially the diaphragm, contain weak points where hernias, such as diaphragmatic hernias, can occur.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in respiration?

The diaphragm serves as the main muscle involved in respiration by contracting during inspiration to allow air into the lungs and relaxing during expiration.

What are the muscles involved in the process of inspiration?

The muscles involved in inspiration include the external intercostal muscles and the levator costae muscles, which help lift the ribs and expand the thoracic cavity.

How do the external intercostal muscles assist in breathing?

The external intercostal muscles contract during inspiration, pulling the ribs upward and outward to increase the space in the thoracic cavity, facilitating the intake of air.

What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles in respiration?

The internal intercostal muscles play a role in forced expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward, decreasing the space in the thoracic cavity and expelling air from the lungs.

What is the difference between the external and internal intercostal muscles?

The external intercostal muscles assist in inspiration by elevating the ribs, while the internal intercostal muscles are mainly involved in forced expiration by depressing the ribs.

What is the function of the levator costae muscles?

The levator costae muscles assist in inspiration by elevating the ribs, which helps to expand the thoracic cavity during breathing.

What arteries supply blood to the intercostal muscles?

The intercostal muscles receive blood supply from several arteries, including the posterior intercostal arteries from the thoracic aorta, the internal thoracic artery, and branches of the axillary artery.

What is the role of the transversus thoracis muscle in respiration?

The transversus thoracis muscle helps in forced expiration by assisting in depressing the ribs, contributing to the reduction of the thoracic cavity's volume.

Which nerves are responsible for innervating the intercostal muscles?

The intercostal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, which are branches of the thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T11).

What structures pass through the diaphragm, and at which vertebral levels?

Three key structures pass through the diaphragm: the aorta at the T12 level, the esophagus at the T10 level, and the inferior vena cava at the T8 level.