AP 7 Week 7 Sinaunang Kabihasnan sa Timog Silangang Asya

Summary

The script delves into the ancient civilization of the Khmer Empire, highlighting Jayavarman II's reign and the construction of Angkor Wat. It discusses the empire's territorial expansion and the influence of Indian and Chinese religions. The narrative shifts to the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires, emphasizing their control over the Spice Islands and the spread of Islam. It also covers the decline of these empires due to internal strife and external influences. The script further explores the history of the Champa kingdom and its eventual absorption into Vietnamese territory. It concludes with a brief on the Malay Archipelago's early inhabitants and the formation of modern Southeast Asian nations.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The ancient Khmer Empire, located in modern-day Cambodia, was one of the most powerful states in Southeast Asia under the reign of Jayavarman II.
• 🌳 The empire was known for its extensive agricultural system, which included sophisticated irrigation techniques that supported its prosperous rice cultivation.
• 🏛️ The Khmer Empire constructed the magnificent temple of Angkor Wat, which remains the largest religious monument in the world.
• 🔥 The empire experienced a series of collapses and revivals, with the last collapse occurring in the 14th century due to uncontrolled rebellions and the loss of key territories.
• 🌊 The Srivijaya Empire, known as the 'Golden Age', dominated the maritime trade in Southeast Asia, controlling the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java.
• 📚 They were heavily influenced by Chinese Buddhism, which became the state religion and contributed to the spread of Mahayana Buddhism throughout the region.
• 🏰 The Majapahit Empire emerged as a dominant power in the Malay Archipelago, with its territory stretching from the Spice Islands to Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.
• 👑 Gaja Mada was a key leader and military strategist of the Majapahit Empire, expanding its territory to include modern-day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, and parts of the Philippines.
• 📉 The empire's power waned due to various religious and cultural influences and the arrival of foreign powers, leading to its eventual decline.
• 🏝️ The Champa Kingdom, located in what is now southern Vietnam, expanded its territory and had significant interactions with the Khmer Empire and the Vietnamese.
• 🌐 The region's history is marked by the rise and fall of various kingdoms and empires, reflecting a complex tapestry of cultural, religious, and political influences.

Q & A

Who was Jayavarman II and what was his significance?

Jayavarman II was a ruler of the Khmer Empire and is considered the greatest leader of the Khmer. He is known for establishing the empire's capital at Angkor Thom and for his significant contributions to the region's development.

What is the significance of Angkor Wat?

Angkor Wat is the largest and most well-known temple in the region, built during the time of Jayavarman II. It is considered the pinnacle of Khmer architecture and served as a burial place for kings.

What was the role of Jayavarman I in the Khmer Empire?

Jayavarman I led the Khmer Empire during a period of prosperity and expansion, engaging in diplomacy between India and China, and establishing the empire's dominance over neighboring kingdoms.

What was the impact of the irrigation system on the Khmer Empire?

The irrigation system was a key factor in the prosperity of the Khmer Empire, allowing for increased agricultural production which in turn supported the empire's growth and stability.

What caused the fall of the Khmer Empire?

The fall of the Khmer Empire was due to uncontrolled rebellions from various kings and the eventual takeover by the Siamese.

Who were the Srivijaya and what was their significance?

The Srivijaya were a powerful maritime empire that controlled the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java. They were known for their wealth in gold and their influence in spreading Buddhism and Hinduism.

What was the significance of the Borobudur temple?

Borobudur is a significant monument of the Srivijaya, showcasing their belief in Mahayana Buddhism. It is a large Buddhist temple and a testament to their architectural prowess.

How did the Majapahit Empire expand its influence?

The Majapahit Empire expanded its influence through the conquest of smaller kingdoms and by establishing control over the trade routes in the region, including the Spice Islands.

Who was Gaja Mada and what was his role in the Majapahit Empire?

Gaja Mada was the most famous military leader and Prime Minister of the Majapahit Empire. He played a key role in the empire's success, leading it to its peak of power and territorial expansion.

What was the Champa Kingdom's location and significance?

The Champa Kingdom was located in the central and southern parts of what is now Vietnam and along the coast. It was significant for its maritime trade and cultural influence in the region.

What happened to the Champa Kingdom in the 9th century?

In the 9th century, the Champa Kingdom was invaded and eventually conquered by the Vietnamese, leading to the loss of their territory and influence.

What were the origins of the early settlements in the Philippine Archipelago?

The early settlements in the Philippine Archipelago were formed by ethnic groups such as the Negrito and Indonesian-Malays, who arrived via sea and river routes.