Kimia Industri - Proses Pengolahan Air (Bag.3 - Diagram Alir proses)
Summary
TLDRThis video explains the process of water treatment, presented by Pak Yoga. It begins with pumping river water, followed by screening large debris using a bar screen. The water then undergoes coagulation and flocculation, using alum to remove colloidal impurities. Sedimentation follows, where heavy particles settle. The process continues with carbonation to lower pH levels using carbon dioxide. Filtration removes remaining impurities, and finally, chlorination is done to eliminate pathogens before the water is stored for distribution. Pak Yoga ends with a motivational quote about the value of knowledge.
Takeaways
- 💧 River water is pumped using a centrifugal pump for the initial stage of the treatment process.
- 🛑 The screening stage filters out macro impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles, and other large debris using a bar screen.
- 🧪 Coagulation and flocculation involve adding alum as a coagulant and lime (calcium hydroxide) to raise the pH of the water.
- ⚖️ Soda is added to neutralize excess lime during the coagulation and flocculation process.
- 🔗 Coagulation helps in the sedimentation of colloidal impurities by bonding them into larger particles.
- ⚙️ Flocculation combines smaller coagulated particles into larger flocs that can settle out of the water.
- 🌫️ In the sedimentation stage, gravity helps the larger flocs settle at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
- 🌬️ In carbonation, CO2 is introduced to lower the water's pH by forming carbonic acid, obtained from methane combustion.
- 🏞️ Filtration passes water through sand filters to remove any remaining impurities, ensuring the water is clean.
- 🧼 Chlorination uses chlorine (or sodium chloride) to disinfect the water by killing pathogenic bacteria before it’s stored for distribution.
Q & A
What is the first step in the water treatment process described in the video?
-The first step is pumping river water using a centrifugal pump to the screening stage.
What happens during the screening stage of the water treatment process?
-During the screening stage, large debris like wood, leaves, and plastic bottles are filtered out using a bar screen.
What chemicals are added during the coagulation and flocculation stages, and what are their purposes?
-Tawas (alum) is added as a coagulant to help clump small particles, while lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to raise the pH, and soda is added to neutralize the excess lime.
What is the purpose of the coagulation process in water treatment?
-The coagulation process is used to gather fine suspended particles into larger particles, making them easier to settle or remove.
What occurs during the flocculation process?
-In flocculation, the small particles formed during coagulation combine to create larger flocs, which can then be settled out of the water.
What is the role of the sedimentation tank in the water treatment process?
-The sedimentation tank allows the larger flocs formed during flocculation to settle out of the water due to gravity.
How is pH adjusted during the carbonation process, and what is the source of carbon dioxide used?
-The pH is lowered using carbon dioxide, which is obtained from methane gas combustion. The CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, reducing the pH.
What is the purpose of the filtration stage in the water treatment process?
-The filtration stage removes any remaining impurities from the water by passing it through sand, ensuring the water is free of residual particles.
What is the function of chlorination in the water treatment process?
-Chlorination involves adding sodium chloride or chlorine to disinfect the water, killing pathogenic bacteria and ensuring the water is safe for use.
What happens to the water after the chlorination process?
-After chlorination, the treated water is stored in a holding tank before being distributed to consumers for daily use.
Outlines
💧 Introduction to Water Treatment Process
The video begins with a greeting and an introduction by Pak Yoga, who will be discussing the water treatment process. The first phase involves pumping river water using a centrifugal pump to start the filtration process. This sets the stage for the detailed explanation of how water is processed.
🔍 Screening Stage: Macro Impurity Removal
In this stage, large impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles, and other sizable debris are filtered out using a bar screen. This prevents these large materials from progressing further into the water treatment process.
⚗️ Coagulation and Flocculation Process
This step involves adding alum as a coagulant and lime (calcium hydroxide) to increase the pH of the water. Soda is also added to neutralize excess lime. Coagulation helps in binding colloidal particles into larger clumps. Flocculation then follows, where small particles combine to form larger clumps (flocs) that can be easily removed in subsequent processes.
⚖️ Sedimentation: Gravity-Driven Separation
After coagulation and flocculation, the water is directed to the sedimentation tank where gravity pulls down the larger flocs formed during flocculation. These flocs settle at the bottom, separating them from the water. The sedimented water is then directed to the next stage.
🫧 Carbonation Process: pH Adjustment
In the carbonation stage, carbon dioxide (from methane combustion) is injected into the water, producing carbonic acid. This acid lowers the pH of the water. CO2 bubbles rise from the bottom of the tank, reacting with water to achieve the required pH balance.
🌫 Filtration Process: Final Purification
Here, water is filtered through sand to remove any remaining particles and impurities. This ensures that the water is clean and free from residual debris, making it suitable for use. The filtered water is then ready for the final stages of treatment.
🧪 Chlorination: Disinfection of Water
The final stage of water treatment involves the addition of chlorine (sodium chloride or calcium hypochlorite) to kill any remaining bacteria or pathogens. This step ensures the water is safe for consumption. The treated water is stored in a reservoir, ready for distribution to the public.
💡 Conclusion and Motivational Quote
The video concludes with a closing message from Pak Yoga, summarizing the water treatment process. He also shares a motivational quote from Abu Bakar as-Siddiq, highlighting the importance of knowledge. The video ends with a thank you and a farewell.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Centrifugal Pump
💡Bar Screen
💡Coagulation
💡Flocculation
💡Sedimentation
💡pH Adjustment
💡Carbonation
💡Filtration
💡Chlorination
💡Storage Tank
Highlights
Introduction to the water treatment process flow diagram by Pak Yoga.
First step: River water is pumped into the system using a centrifugal pump.
Screening stage: Macro-sized impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles are filtered out using a bar screen.
Coagulation and flocculation process: Alum is added as a coagulant, lime (calcium hydroxide) to increase pH, and soda to neutralize excess lime.
Coagulation process: Chemical adsorption of colloidal-sized impurities using alum.
Flocculation process: Small particles from coagulation combine into larger flocs.
Sedimentation stage: Larger flocs settle down in the sedimentation tank using gravity.
Carbonation process: CO2 is used to lower the pH by creating carbonic acid. CO2 comes from methane gas combustion.
Filtration stage: Water is filtered through sand to remove remaining impurities.
Chlorination stage: Chlorine or sodium chloride is added to kill pathogenic bacteria.
Final storage: The treated water is stored in a tank before being distributed to consumers.
Motivational quote from Abu Bakar as-siddiq: 'Knowledge is life for the mind.'
Water after the filtration process can be used for washing.
Flocculation is the combination of smaller particles to form larger ones that settle easily.
Chlorination ensures that the water is safe for daily use by eliminating harmful bacteria.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh pada video kali ini kita
akan membahas mengenai diagram alir
proses pengolahan air bersama Pak Yoga
[Musik]
diagram alir proses pengolahan air
berikut diagram alur prosesnya tahap
pertama air sungai dipompa masuk
menggunakan pompa sentrifugal menuju ke
tahap berikutnya yaitu tahap skrining
pada tahap ini
kotoran-kotoran berukuran makro disaring
menggunakan bar screen kotoran-kotoran
makro Disini yang dimaksud adalah kayu
daun botol plastik maupun
kotoran-kotoran yang lainnya yang
berukuran besar air kemudian dimasukkan
ke dalam bak koagulasi dan flokulasi
ditambahkan tawas sebagai koagulan pada
proses koagulasi ditambahkan kapur atau
kalsium hidroksida berfungsi untuk
menaikkan pH dari air ditambahkan soda
berfungsi untuk menetralisir kelebihan
dari penambahan kapur pada bahwa gulasi
dan flokulasi terjadi proses yang
pertama yaitu proses koagulasi proses
pengendapan dengan bantuan senyawa kimia
yaitu tawas tawas disini berfungsi untuk
mengadopsi kotoran-kotoran yang
berukuran koloid kemudian proses yang
kedua
proses flokulasi proses penggabungan
blok-blok kecil dari proses koagulasi
atau kotoran-kotoran yang masih melayang
menjadi Vlog Vlog besar yang kemudian
nantinya akan diendapkan pada proses
berikutnya air kemudian dialirkan menuju
ke proses berikutnya yaitu kebab
sedimentasi pada bak sedimentasi terjadi
proses sedimentasi atau proses
pengendapan dengan bantuan gaya
gravitasi dimana Vlog besar yang tadi
belum terendapkan akan diendapkan pada
bak sedimentasi setelah mengendap
Hai air kemudian dialirkan menuju ke
proses berikutnya yaitu kabare karbonasi
dipakai karbonasi terjadi proses
rekrutmen nasi atau proses penurunan PH
dengan bantuan karbon dioksida karbon
dioksida ini didapatkan dari hasil
pembakaran gas metana
Hai karbondioksida dan air kan dari
bagian bawah ba sehingga akan ada
gelembung-gelembung dari bagian bawah
bak gelembung-gelembung ini adalah
gelembung karbondioksida yang nantinya
akan bereaksi dengan air membentuk asam
karbonat setelah PH air kurun air
kemudian dialirkan menuju ke proses
berikutnya yaitu proses filtrasi pada
proses filtrasi air disaring menggunakan
pasir tujuannya air yang masih ada
sisa-sisa kotoran dari proses sebelumnya
disaring agar benar-benar bersih dari
kotoran air dari hasil proses filtrasi
sudah bisa digunakan untuk mencuci akhir
dari proses filtrasi kemudian dialirkan
menuju ke tahap berikutnya yaitu
klorinasi pada proses klorinasi
ditambahkan kaporit atau natrium klorida
Hai kaporit berfungsi untuk membunuh
kuman kuman atau bakteri yang bersifat
patogen akhir hasil dari proses
klorinasi kemudian dimasukkan ke bak
penampungan Nah di sini air ditampung
sebelum didistribusikan ke konsumen atau
ke masyarakat untuk digunakan pada
kehidupan sehari-hari sekian penjelasan
Pak Yoga mengenai diagram alir proses
pengolahan air sebelum mengakhiri ada
sedikit motivasi ilmu adalah kehidupan
bagi pikiran Abu Bakar as-siddiq Sekian
dari Pak Yoga terima kasih
wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh ya
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