ETIKA, MORAL DAN AKHLAK Oleh Ulul Huda, S.Pd.I., M.Si.

Summary

The speaker discusses the concepts of ethics, morals, and akhlak (Islamic character) and how they relate to behavior in society. Ethics is based on reason, while morals stem from social customs. Akhlak, rooted in Islamic teachings, reflects one's alignment with God's will. The speaker emphasizes the importance of developing good akhlak, citing Prophet Muhammad's mission to perfect human character. He also stresses the harmony between religion and culture, highlighting that local traditions can be followed as long as they don't contradict Islamic values. The speech concludes by encouraging the integration of ethics, morals, and akhlak in daily life.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The speaker introduces a discussion on ethics, morals, and akhlak (Islamic ethics), emphasizing the importance of understanding these concepts clearly.
• 📚 Ethics is defined as the study of good and bad actions, focusing on human behavior judged by reason and logic.
• 👥 Morals refer to actions considered good and acceptable based on societal norms and traditions, highlighting the importance of social consensus.
• 🕋 Akhlak, derived from the Arabic word 'khulk,' is defined as behavior aligned with the Creator's will, emphasizing harmony between human actions and divine commands.
• 🤝 Ethics and morals share similarities in measuring good and bad actions, but ethics are based on reasoning, while morals are based on societal norms.
• 📜 Akhlak involves embodying qualities that reflect divine attributes and acting in accordance with God's guidance, aiming for moral perfection.
• 💭 Imam Al-Ghazali describes akhlak as traits deeply ingrained in one’s soul, influencing behavior effortlessly without needing deliberation.
• 📝 The five characteristics of akhlak include being deeply rooted in one's personality, performed easily, arising from within without external pressure, sincere actions, and aligned with God's pleasure.
• 🌐 The speaker emphasizes the integration of Islamic teachings and local culture, encouraging the adoption of local traditions as long as they don't contradict Islamic values.
• 🕯️ The talk concludes by urging people to harmonize their actions with ethical, moral, and akhlak values, fostering a cohesive and value-driven community.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the speaker in the video?

The primary focus of the speaker is on discussing the concepts of ethics, morals, and akhlak (Islamic character) and how they interrelate within human behavior and societal norms.

How does the speaker differentiate between ethics and morals?

The speaker explains that ethics is based on reasoning and intellectual thought, while morals are based on the norms and agreements within a specific society or community. Ethics focuses on rational evaluation, while morals are tied to social customs.

What does the speaker say about the origin of the word 'akhlak'?

The speaker explains that 'akhlak' comes from the Arabic word 'khuluq,' which is closely related to the words 'makhluq' (creation) and 'khaliq' (creator). This implies that akhlak refers to human behavior aligning with divine will and the characteristics of Allah.

What is the role of religion in the concept of akhlak according to the speaker?

According to the speaker, akhlak is directly connected to the will of Allah. The ideal behavior for humans should reflect divine attributes, as humans were created by Allah to embody good character and actions that are pleasing to Him.

How does the speaker describe the relationship between religion and culture?

The speaker suggests that religion and culture are closely intertwined, especially when cultural practices do not contradict religious teachings. Cultural traditions can be followed as long as they align with Islamic values and principles.

According to the speaker, what is the significance of Prophet Muhammad in relation to akhlak?

The speaker emphasizes that Prophet Muhammad was sent to perfect akhlak (morals and character). His mission was not just religious in nature but focused on refining and completing ethical conduct and behavior in society.

What are the five characteristics of akhlak mentioned by the speaker?

The speaker lists five characteristics of akhlak: (1) it becomes part of one’s personality, (2) it is done easily without much thought, (3) it comes from within without external pressure, (4) it is sincere, not a performance, and (5) it is done for the sake of Allah's pleasure.

How does the speaker explain the concept of good akhlak in everyday life?

Good akhlak, according to the speaker, is reflected in everyday actions like how a person speaks, behaves, eats, and interacts with others. These habitual actions reveal a person’s true character and alignment with Islamic values.

What is the speaker's view on how societal traditions relate to Islamic teachings?

The speaker believes that societal traditions are acceptable in Islam as long as they do not contradict its teachings. Islamic jurisprudence even allows for local customs to be followed when they are in harmony with Islamic principles.

Why does the speaker emphasize the integration of ethics, morals, and akhlak?

The speaker emphasizes their integration because they represent different facets of human behavior that contribute to living a good and righteous life. Ethics is based on reason, morals on societal norms, and akhlak on divine guidance, and together they form a holistic approach to conduct.

Outlines

00:00

🕌 Introduction to Ethics, Morals, and Akhlak in Islamic Thought

The speaker introduces the concepts of ethics, morals, and akhlak (Islamic ethics) and how these are often confused in society. Ethics is described as the study of good and bad actions through rational thinking, while morals are socially accepted norms of behavior. The key difference is that ethics is based on reason, while morals are based on social consensus. The speaker uses examples like traditional Javanese greetings to illustrate how behavior can reflect both ethics and morals. Additionally, it is emphasized that ethics and morals share a similar purpose: to discern right from wrong.

05:01

🌟 The Concept of Akhlak and Its Connection to the Divine

Akhlak is defined as behavior aligned with the will of Allah, linking human actions to the Creator's commands. The speaker elaborates on the Islamic perspective, explaining that humans, as creations of Allah, should reflect divine qualities in their conduct. The goal is to develop virtues that mirror those of Allah, such as mercy and justice. Quoting Imam al-Ghazali, the speaker defines akhlak as habits that come naturally without conscious thought, formed through consistent actions. The ideal is to embody traits that align with Allah’s will, as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad, who was sent to perfect moral character.

10:03

🤲 Practicing Good Akhlak and Its Social and Religious Importance

The speaker emphasizes the significance of living according to akhlak, especially for students and community members. It’s important to align behavior with Islamic teachings and uphold local cultural traditions, as long as they do not contradict religious principles. Examples include the practice of communal prayers and celebrations, like Halalbihalal, which merge religious values with cultural traditions. The speaker stresses the importance of gratitude and charity, citing them as expressions of Islamic teachings. The key message is that culture and religion can coexist harmoniously when both promote ethical and moral living.

Keywords

💡Etika

Etika refers to the study of what is good and bad behavior, based on rational thought and intellectual reasoning. In the video, it is explained that ethics focuses on human actions as understood through logic, meaning that the moral correctness of an action is determined by rational judgment. The speaker also contrasts it with moral and religious values, highlighting that ethics is grounded in intellectual reflection.

💡Moral

Moral refers to behaviors considered right or wrong based on societal norms and collective agreements within a community. The speaker explains that morality is shaped by the customs and social standards accepted by a group of people. It is not necessarily based on individual reason but rather on what is deemed appropriate or inappropriate within a specific social context.

💡Akhlak

Akhlak, derived from Arabic, relates to character and conduct aligned with divine will, particularly in the context of Islamic teachings. The speaker emphasizes that akhlak refers to the harmonious relationship between human behavior and the will of Allah. This concept is framed as being more deeply connected to religious obedience and fulfilling the role of humans as creations who mirror divine attributes.

💡Perilaku

Perilaku, or behavior, is discussed in the video as actions and conduct that encompass etika, moral, and akhlak. The speaker touches upon the idea that human behavior can simultaneously reflect ethical, moral, and religious values. Behavior becomes an expression of an individual's internalized values and principles, whether based on logic, social norms, or divine command.

💡Imam al-Ghazali

Imam al-Ghazali is referenced as an influential Islamic scholar whose views on akhlak are highlighted. Al-Ghazali defines akhlak as qualities ingrained within a person, manifesting in their actions without much thought or calculation. His philosophy emphasizes that good character is habitual and natural, rather than being forced or premeditated.

💡Kebiasaan Sosial

Kebiasaan sosial, or social customs, refers to the collective practices of a community that shape moral behavior. The video discusses how morality, unlike ethics, is deeply tied to societal agreements and traditions. Examples like greeting elders in Javanese culture are used to illustrate how moral behavior can vary across different social contexts.

💡Akulturasi

Akulturasi, or cultural assimilation, refers to the blending of religious and cultural practices in society. The speaker discusses how Islamic teachings have been assimilated into local traditions without contradiction, provided that these traditions do not conflict with Islamic values. This is important in contexts where religion and culture are intertwined in everyday life.

💡Ridho Allah

Ridho Allah means the pleasure or approval of Allah, which is a key goal in Islamic moral and ethical conduct. The video emphasizes that akhlak (good character) should always be aligned with seeking Allah's approval. Good actions, therefore, are done sincerely, with the intention of pleasing God rather than for social recognition or praise.

💡Innama buistu liutammima makarimal akhlak

This phrase, a Hadith from Prophet Muhammad, translates to 'I was only sent to perfect good character.' It is used in the video to underscore the Islamic perspective that the Prophet’s mission was to enhance human character, emphasizing akhlak as a central element of Islamic teachings. It frames good behavior as not just ethical but also divine.

💡Adat Kebiasaan

Adat kebiasaan refers to customary traditions in a given society, which, according to the speaker, can take on the force of law as long as they do not contradict Islamic teachings. The speaker mentions examples like communal celebrations and practices that have become culturally accepted forms of expressing gratitude and piety.

Highlights

Introduction to the discussion on ethics, morals, and akhlak, highlighting the confusion between these concepts in society.

Definition of ethics: The investigation of good and bad actions based on human reason and rational thought.

Moral definition: Actions aligned with generally accepted ideas of good and proper behavior, rooted in social customs and consensus.

Example of moral and ethical behavior in Javanese tradition: The use of respectful language such as 'nyuwun sewu' when addressing elders.

Ethics vs. Morals: Ethics are based on reason, while morals are grounded in societal or environmental norms.

Akhlak definition: Derived from the Arabic term 'khalq,' meaning character and behavior that align with divine will.

Akhlak as an alignment with God's will: Human behavior should reflect the divine attributes, adhering to what is commanded and avoiding prohibitions.

Purpose of the Prophet Muhammad’s mission: To perfect akhlak (character and morality) according to Islamic teachings.

Imam al-Ghazali's perspective: Akhlak is deeply ingrained in the soul, resulting in effortless actions that reflect a person's true nature.

Indicators of akhlak: A person’s behavior, actions, and words in daily life reveal their moral character.

Five traits of akhlak: Actions are ingrained, performed easily without thought, arise from within, done sincerely, and align with God’s pleasure.

The role of cultural traditions in Islam: Cultural practices that don’t contradict Islamic values can be observed, such as communal prayers and celebrations.

Importance of balancing religion and culture: Traditions that are in harmony with Islamic teachings should be preserved and practiced.

Rejection of harmful customs: Practices that contradict Islamic values, such as substance abuse, should be avoided.

Conclusion: Ethics, morals, and akhlak form a unified guide for living a righteous life, influenced by both reason and religious principles.

Transcripts

Hai assalamualaikum

Hai

Warohmatullohi wabarakatuh

alhamdulillahirobbilalamin

Hai washolatu wassalamu ala asrofil

Ambiya Iwal mursalin

Sayyidina wa Maulana Muhammadin wa ala

alihi wa ashabihi ajma'in

robbisrohli sodri

wayassirli Amri wahlul uqdatammillisaani

yafkahul kauli ama bantu

teman-teman sahabat-sahabat yang saya

banggakan

Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan

membahas terkait dengan etika

moral dan akhlak

bicara etika moral dan akhlak

terkadang di masyarakat kita

terjadi kerancuan

apakah ini termasuk kategori etika

apakah termasuk kategori mural atau

termasuk kategori akhlak

atau memang perilaku itu

Hai mencakup

Hai etika juga moral sekaligus akhlak

sebelum kita membahas Hai lebih jauh

terkait dengan etika moral dan akhlak

maka kita harus mengetahui apa itu etika

Apa itu moral dan apa itu akhlak

Hai etika adalah ilmu yang menyelidiki

perbuatan baik dan perbuatan buruk

dengan memperhatikan amal perbuatan

manusia

sejauh dapat diketahui oleh akal pikiran

Oleh karena itu

kebenaran Etika itu lebih didasarkan

kepada

kebenaran terhadap akal pikiran manusia

berbeda dengan

moral-moral ini adalah

Hai sesuatu

yang sesuai dengan ide-ide umum yang

diterima tentang tindakan manusia

yang baik dan wajar sesuai dengan ukuran

tindakan yang oleh umum itu diterima

Hai meliputi kesatuan sosial atau

lingkungan tertentu

maka didalam mural ini lebih kepada

kesepakatan-kesepakatan

masyarakat masyarakat tertentu yang itu

sudah menjadi

kebiasaan masyarakat tersebut

Hai Oleh karena itu saya ambil contoh

ketika

orang berjalan ketemu dengan orang yang

lebih sepuh maka di tradisi orang Jawa

akan mengucapkan nyuwun Sewu

Punten dan lain sebagainya

Hai itu adalah

gabungan

beretika sekaligus juga bermoral

Selain itu

ketika kita sudah

melihat analisis

Bagaimana

definisi daripada etika dan moral maka

hakekatnya dua hal tersebut etika dan

moral ini memiliki kesamaan arti

tentang ukuran baik dan buruk

namun etika ini mendasarkan Pada ukuran

akal fikiran kita

Hai sedangkan Moral ini mendasarkan

perbuatan baik dan buruk

atas kebiasaan sosial atau lingkungan

maka

etika dan moral hakekatnya melihat Sisi

baik dan buruk perilaku manusia

perbedaannya kalau etika berdasarkan

akal pikiran kalau moral berdasarkan

sosial atau lingkungan

berbeda dengan

akhlak-akhlak ini dari bahasa Arab

Hulk yang jamaknya adalah akhlak

Hai menurut bahasa akhlak ini mempunyai

arti tapi ABD Perangai

kata tersebut mengandung

segi-segi

persamaan dengan kata makhluk

jadi makhluk itu yang diciptakan manusia

ini bagian daripada makhluk

akhlak ini juga mempunyai kesamaan

dengan Kholik atau pencipta

pembuat kalau di dalam ajaran agama

Islam Holic ini pencipta ini adalah

Allah subhanahuwata'ala

kesamaan akar kata tersebut menunjukkan

bahwa dalam akhlak ini

tercakup pengertian keselarasan

kepatutan

kepantasan antara perilaku manusia

dengan kehendak sang Kholik

Hai artinya apa

perilaku orang yang kemudian disebut

dengan makhluk itu idealnya sama dengan

yang dikehendaki oleh Holic yaitu

pencipta artinya apa yang menjadi

perintahnya dilaksanakan apa yang

menjadi larangan-nya ditinggalkan

akhlak karena yang menciptakan manusia

dan alam raya ini sehingga manusia mampu

memancarkan Citra ilahiah dalam

kehidupannya

Oleh karena itu dalam kontek ini Harun

Nasution menggunakan istilah takluk

khalqillah yaitu berbudi pekerti dengan

budi pekerti Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala

karena memang hakekatnya manusia

diciptakan oleh Allah dimuka bumi ini

dalam rangka

mengemban untuk

plak yang baik maka tidak heran kalau

Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam

menyampaikan innama buistu liutammima

makarimal akhlak Sesungguhnya aku

Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi Wasallam

diutus ke muka bumi ini untuk

menyempurnakan akhlak bukan yang lain

tetapi dalam rangka menyempurnakan

akhlak akhlak kepada Allah

subhanahuwata'ala

akhlak kepada alam akhlak kepada sesama

manusia

Oleh karena itu

didalam

pekerti Di dalam berbudi pekerti atau

al-inshof pil sifat inilah yaitu

mensifati diri dengan sifat-sifat yang

dimiliki Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Hai

maka sifat yang harus kita kembangkan di

muka bumi ini adalah sifat-sifat yang

dimiliki oleh Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala

Minimal kita mendekati sifat-sifat Allah

subhanahu wa ta'ala itu idealnya Oleh

karena itu menurut Imam al-ghazali

akhlak ini adalah sifat yang tertanam

dalam jiwa yang menimbulkan berbagai

macam perbuatan dengan gampang dan mudah

tanpa memerlukan pemikiran dan

pertimbangan Oleh karena itu kalau kita

ingin melihat akhlak seseorang

hakekatnya kita bisa melihat kebiasaan

perilaku perbuatan ucapan seseorang di

dalam kehidupan sehari-hari itulah

akhlaqnya Oleh karena itu akhlak

seseorang akan bisa dilihat dari

sejauhmana perilaku keseharian seseorang

karena menurut Imam al-ghazali akhlak

itu adalah yang gampang dan mudah tanpa

memerlukan pemikiran itulah akhlak maka

kebiasaan kita kehidupan kita tidur kita

makan kita jalan kita itulah lah kita

Oleh karena itu didalam

definisi-definisi tersebut

substansinya paling tidak

ada lima ciri perbuatan akhlak

yang pertama perbuatan akhlak adalah

perbuatan yang telah tertanam kuat dalam

jiwa seseorang sehingga telah menjadi

kepribadiannya

Hai karena akhlak itu adalah sesuatu

yang menjadi kepribadiannya sudah

tertanam di dalam kehidupan dia yang

kedua perbuatan akhlak adalah perbuatan

yang dilakukan dengan mudah dan tanpa

pemikiran yang ketiga perbuatan akhlak

adalah perbuatan yang timbul dari dalam

diri orang yang mengerjakannya tanpa

paksaan atau tekanan dari luar

Hai yang keempat perbuatan akhlak adalah

perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan

sesungguhnya bukan main-main atau

sandiwara

yang nomor lima sejalan dengan ciri yang

keempat perbuatan akhlak khususnya

akhlak yang baik adalah perbuatan yang

dilakukan dengan ikhlas semata-mata

karena Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala bukan

karena ingin dipuji orang atau karena

ingin mendapatkan pujian Oleh karena itu

akhlak yang baik adalah akhlak yang

selalu didasarkan kepada ridho Allah

subhanahu wa ta'ala maka Mari kita

bersama-sama mengembangkan ahlaqul

karimah jangan sampai di dalam kehidupan

kita sehari-hari sebagai mahasiswa

sebagai masyarakat kita kemudian

memberikan pertentangan perilaku kita

yang sesuai dengan etika tidak sesuai

dengan moral tidak sesuai dengan akhlak

maka didalam ajaran agama Islam kita

tahu bahwa kehidupan masyarakat kita itu

sudah terjadi akulturasi agama dan

budaya Oleh karena itu apa yang menjadi

budaya masyarakat lokal apa yang menjadi

tradisi masyarakat lokal selama tidak

bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai ajaran

agama Islam maka kita dianjurkan untuk

mengikutinya di dalam Goa itu fiqih

disebutkan ada jenuh agama kebiasaan itu

akan menjadi hukum masyarakat maka

selama kebiasaan itu tidak bertentangan

dengan ajaran agama Islam maka kita

boleh mengikutinya kita boleh

mengamalkannya selama adat kebiasaan itu

tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai

ajaran agama Islam kecuali azab itu

bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai ajaran

agama Islam maka kita tidak boleh

mengikutinya seperti halnya tradisi

nyabu bersama itu enggak boleh tetapi

kalau tradisi doa bersama

pelaksanaan halalbihalal

melaksanakan acara

17agustus dan lain sebagainya Itu sudah

akulturasi agama dan budaya

agama kita mengajarkan kepada syukur

atas nikmat yang diberikan Allah

Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala ekspresi syukur itu

dengan cara merayakan

melaksanakan shodaqoh dan lain

sebagainya Oleh karena itu jangan

pertentangkan antara agama dengan budaya

karena agama dengan budaya itu sesuatu

yang melekat

Kuntowijoyo menyebutkan bahwa

agama yang bertentangan dengan budaya di

mata agama itu akan ditinggalkan oleh

masyarakatnya Oleh karena itu budaya

yang ada disekitar kita yang sesuai

dengan akal sehat kita sesuai dengan

ajaran agama kita selama itu baik maka

kita bersama-sama melaksanakan dan

mengamalkan akhlak etika dan moral yang

itu menjadi satu kesatuan dalam

kehidupan kita terima kasih kurang

lebihnya mohon maaf

lauhul-mahfudz gila aqwamith Thariq

Wassalamualaikum

warohmatullohi wabarokatuh