Bensin Sawit (Bensa)
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the development of palm oil-based fuel technology, highlighting research efforts since 1982. The process involves converting palm oil into gasoline, kerosene, and diesel using a cracking method with catalysts at high temperatures. The project, supported by BPDKS since 2018, has progressed from lab-scale to a pilot production of 1000 liters per day. The team continues to optimize catalysts and process efficiency to make the technology more economical. The initiative aims to empower palm oil farmers, improve national energy security, and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Takeaways
- 🔬 The research on converting palm oil into biofuel began in 1982, focusing on producing gasoline, kerosene, and diesel from stearin.
- 🛢️ Palm-based gasoline is produced through a cracking process, breaking down palm oil into fatty acids like oleic, stearic, linoleic, and palmitic acid under high temperature (500°C) and pressure (1 atmosphere).
- 🏭 A palm oil-based gasoline production unit with a capacity of 1,000 liters per day was built in collaboration with industrial partners.
- ⛽ The conversion process from palm oil to gasoline heavily depends on catalysts, which significantly accelerate chemical reactions.
- 🔧 The team has developed catalysts for palm oil cracking and continues to refine them, now reaching the fourth generation of these catalysts.
- 📈 The palm gasoline development progressed from lab-scale experiments to producing 1 liter per day, 10 liters per day, and eventually 1,000 liters per day at the pilot scale.
- 💡 Challenges faced include optimizing energy efficiency and overcoming reaction performance issues in the large-scale production of palm-based gasoline.
- 🚜 The research aims to develop affordable steam engines for small-scale palm oil farmers to improve access to processing equipment and enhance economic viability.
- 🌱 The initiative supports small farmers through palm tree replanting programs, boosting the quality and productivity of palm fruits while promoting sustainable farming practices.
- 🌍 By utilizing the stearin fraction for fuel and other fractions for high-value edible oil, the research aims to make palm oil-based gasoline more affordable and accessible, enhancing energy security and supporting the livelihoods of palm oil farmers.
Q & A
What was the main focus of the research discussed in the video?
-The main focus of the research was the development and production of palm oil-based gasoline, which involves converting palm oil into a biofuel that can be used as gasoline.
When did the research on converting palm oil into biofuel begin?
-The research on converting palm oil into biofuel began in 1982, with efforts to convert stearin into biofuel products such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil.
What role did BPDPKS play in this research?
-BPDPKS supported the research starting in 2018 by providing funding to help develop the technology for producing palm oil gasoline on a pilot scale.
What process is used to produce palm oil gasoline?
-Palm oil gasoline is produced through a process called cracking, where palm oil, consisting of triglycerides and fatty acids, is fed into a reactor containing a catalyst at 500 degrees Celsius and one atmosphere of pressure.
What are the main components of palm oil used in the cracking process?
-The main components of palm oil used in the cracking process include triglycerides, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid.
What is the capacity of the palm oil gasoline production unit mentioned in the video?
-The palm oil gasoline production unit has a capacity of 1,000 liters per day.
Why is the development of catalysts important in the production process?
-Catalysts are crucial in the production process because they can accelerate reactions by billions or even trillions of times, directing the process toward the desired product. The research team has been continuously developing and improving catalysts for this purpose.
What are the challenges faced during the production of palm oil gasoline on a larger scale?
-The main challenges faced during larger-scale production include optimizing the reaction performance and energy integration to improve the process's economic viability.
How can this palm oil gasoline technology benefit farmers?
-The technology can benefit farmers by allowing them to process their palm fruit into oil, which can increase their income and improve their living standards. Smaller production units will be more affordable for farmers to access.
What are the future plans for the development of palm oil gasoline technology?
-The future plans include using the stearin fraction of palm oil as a raw material for gasoline production while processing other fractions into higher-value edible oils. This approach aims to make palm oil gasoline more affordable and accessible to the public.
Outlines
🔬 The Discovery and Production of Palm Oil-Based Gasoline
The paragraph discusses how research on converting stearin into biofuel, specifically palm oil-based gasoline, began in 1982. The process involves cracking palm oil components (triglycerides, fatty acids) at high temperatures (500°C) and pressure to produce gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The narrative also highlights the role of BPDKS funding from 2018, helping scale the technology to pilot production, with a daily capacity of 1000 liters of palm-based gasoline.
⚗️ Catalyst Development for Palm Oil Gasoline Production
This paragraph emphasizes the importance of catalysts in speeding up chemical reactions by billions or even trillions of times, directing them toward desired products. The team has been focusing on catalyst development for cracking palm oil into gasoline. Over the years, they have advanced from lab-scale synthesis to producing large quantities of catalysts, reaching the fourth generation of development. The goal is to optimize reaction efficiency and energy integration challenges faced in the first-generation production of 1000 liters per day.
🚀 Scaling Up Palm Oil-Based Gasoline Production
This paragraph discusses the scale-up process for palm oil-based gasoline production. Starting from lab experiments producing only milliliters, they have expanded to produce 1 liter, then 10 liters per day, and finally up to 1000 liters per day. The second-generation production aims to solve the technical and economic challenges encountered in the first-generation by focusing on energy efficiency and operational parameters. The goal is to create a more optimal and scalable design for future production.
💡 Innovating with Affordable Steam Engines for Farmers
Here, the discussion shifts to the development of steam engines as a cheaper alternative to expensive turbines. These steam engines can be used in smaller mills, making them accessible to farmers processing palm fruit. This innovation will empower farmers by allowing them to process their harvest into oil, thus improving their income. The emphasis is on supporting small farmers through affordable technology that improves both productivity and oil quality.
🌱 Sustainable Farming and Advanced Palm Oil Processing
The focus of this paragraph is on sustainable palm oil farming practices. The team works closely with farmers to improve the quality and productivity of their crops through replanting and better cultivation techniques. The future plans include converting stearin fractions into gasoline while using the remaining fractions to produce higher-value edible oils, making the process more cost-effective and accessible to the general population.
🇮🇩 Palm Oil as a Path to National Energy and Food Sovereignty
The final paragraph wraps up the discussion by emphasizing the goal of uplifting the livelihoods of palm oil farmers through technology and innovation. The technology, developed by the Bandung Institute of Technology, aims to enhance Indonesia's food and energy sovereignty by leveraging the country's vast palm oil potential. The call is made to harness palm oil and domestic innovations like catalysts to achieve independence in these crucial areas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Palm Oil (Minyak Sawit)
💡Cracking Process
💡Catalyst
💡Triglycerides
💡Stearin
💡Biofuel (Bahan Bakar Nabati)
💡Pilot Plant
💡Kerosene
💡Sustainability (Budidaya yang Sustainable)
💡Energy Independence (Ketahanan Energi)
Highlights
Research on converting palm stearin into biofuel began in 1982.
Palm gasoline is produced through the cracking process from palm oil using triglycerides and fatty acids such as oleic, stearic, linoleic, and palmitic acids.
The palm gasoline production unit can produce up to 1000 liters per day.
Catalysts play a critical role in converting palm oil into gasoline, accelerating reactions billions to trillions of times faster.
Catalyst development has reached the fourth generation, improving the process efficiency for palm gasoline production.
Scaling of palm gasoline production started from lab-scale of 5-10 milliliters to a full pilot scale of 1000 liters per day.
Challenges in scaling up to 1000 liters per day include reaction performance and energy integration, impacting economic feasibility.
Generation 2 aims to address issues from Generation 1, focusing on optimal design and energy efficiency for larger-scale production.
Development of a steam engine is proposed to replace expensive turbines, making technology more accessible to small farmers.
The steam engine will be compatible with small palm oil mills processing 5 tons of fresh fruit bunches per hour.
This technology is designed to empower farmers by allowing them to process their own palm fruits into oil, improving their welfare.
Efforts are being made to assist farmers in improving the quality and productivity of palm fruits, alongside promoting sustainable farming practices.
The research team plans to use stearin fraction for gasoline while processing other fractions into high-value edible oils.
Lower production costs will make palm gasoline more affordable for the public.
This technology aims to enhance the welfare of palm oil farmers and strengthen Indonesia's food and energy security.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Emang bisa ya kayak pernah dengar tapi
apa cuman ho ya kayaknya pernah dengar
Cuman emang beneran ada ya belum pernah
deh Kayaknya emang ada ya dari sawit ini
ya bensin
sawitnya kayak bensin sih baunya baunya
kayak bensin sih Iya baunya kayak B
penelitian ini sebenarnya sudah dimulai
sejak tahun
1982 dengan mengkonversi stearin menjadi
bahan bakar nabati gitu Yaitu terdiri
dari bensin
eh kerosin dan minyak diesel baru mulai
tahun 2018 bpdks mendukung kami dengan
memberikan dana penelitian untuk
mengembangkan teknologi ini hingga skala
percontohan
bensin sawit itu
diproduksi melalui proses perengkahan
atau proses Cracking dari minyak sawit
minyak sawit yang terdiri dari
trigliserida asam-asam lemak Asam oleat
Asam stearat Asam linoleat Asam palmitat
itu di umpankan ke dalam reaktor yang
berisi katalis pada temperatur 500
derajat Celcius dan eh tekanan Satu
atmosfer produksi dari proses
perengkahan ini adalah bensin sawit dan
banyak sekali ee gas dan Kokas yang
terdeposisi pada permukaan katalis di
belakang saya ini adalah sebuah unit
produksi bensin sawit yang berkapasitas
1000 liter per hari yang kami bangun
bersama-sama dengan Mitra industri kami
[Musik]
jadi untuk mengkonversi io atau mifo
menjadi bensa itu sangat bergantung
kepada katalis dan kondisi proses Nah
karena katalis itu bisa mempercepat
reaksi miliaran bahkan triliunan kali
lebih besar dan mengarahkan ke produk
yang kita inginkan Oleh sebab itu kami
sudah sedang dan akan terus
mengembangkan katalisnya Jadi kami ini
sudah cukup lama mengembangkan katalis
khususnya untuk proses Cracking Evo
menjadi bensa kami mulai dari desain
form dan sintesis pada skala
laboratorium dan kami tingkatkan menjadi
skala pilot kami bisa produksi 2 sampai
5 kilo bahkan sekarang kami bisa
produksi Skala yang lebih besar dalam
satu kali produksi itu bisa mencapai 50
kg katalis dan ini sudah merupakan hasil
formulasi dan pemantapan terus-menerus
sehingga saat ini kami sudah punya
katalis hingga generasi
keempat pengembangan bensin sawit kami
Awali dari skala lab secara bertahap
meningkat dari kapasitas 5 sampai dengan
10 mil/ J menjadi 1 l per hari lalu
kemudian kami tingkatkan menjadi 10 Lit
per hari kemudian kami lanjut kepada
pengembangan pada skala 1000 Lit per
hari hanya pada bensa generasi 1 1000
Lit perhi ini kami mendapatkan tantangan
dan kendala terkait dengan kinerja
reaksi dan integrasi energi yang menjadi
challenge dalam peningkatan keekonomian
eh persoalan tadi yang dari generasi sat
maka generasi du ini ee akan mencari
solusinya itu kita akan ee membuat
generasi 1 sebagai pemandunya dan kita
melanjutkan itu mendapatkan parameter
desain parameter operasi termasuk dalam
ini adalah eh efisiensi energi ya ini
yang kita lihat ini sehingga nanti kita
akan keluarkan dari generasi 2 ini
sebuah desain yang paling optimal untuk
kemudian ditindak lanjuti pada skala
yang lebih
besar kami melakukan penelitian dan
pembuatan steam engine untuk
menggantikan turbin sehingga itu bisa
diakses oleh investasi oleh petani
karena turbin pasti mahal steam engine
ini tidak terlalu mahal sehingga bisa
disandingkan dengan PKS 5 ton TBS per
jam ya sebenarnya pabrik kecil ini
sangat Ditunggu oleh para petani ya
artinya Makin kecil ya makin terjangkau
oleh para petani ini dan impian untuk
bisa mengolah buahnya menjadi minyak itu
akan segera
terealisir dengan demikian Ya tentu akan
berdampak kepada peningkatan
kesejahteraan dari para petani itu
sendiri dan tentunya ini harus diiringi
dengan perbaikan mutu dan produktivitas
dari buah yang dihasilkan oleh petani
tersebut nah kami ini biasa ee sering
mendampingi para petani-petani itu
melalui peremajaan ee kelapa sawitnya di
dalam rangka untuk memperbaiki mutu dan
EE produktivitas yang dihasilkan dan ini
akan juga sekaligus diiringi dengan
upaya-upaya untuk
mengimplementasikan budidaya yang
sustainable guna kebutuhan dari pasar
maupun kepentingan dari para petani itu
sendiri kami berencana menggunakan
fraksi stearin dari Evo sebagai bahan
baku bensa sementara itu fraksi lainnya
akan kami olah lebih lanjut menjadi
minyak pangan yang bernilai lebih tinggi
nah hal ini nanti nya akan membuat bensa
dapat diproduksi dengan biaya yang lebih
rendah sehingga jadi lebih terjangkau
bagi
[Musik]
masyarakat di sini kami berhasil
mengembangkan Suatu unit produksi yang
akan digunakan untuk pengembangan proses
lebih lanjut untuk minyak tersebut
[Musik]
teknologi yang kami kembangkan ini
diharapkan menjadi teknologi yang dapat
mengangkat harkat hidup petani sawit dan
meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan
ketahanan energi nasional Institut
Teknologi Bandung memiliki tanggung
jawab moral untuk mengawal proses ini
hingga akhir begitu besarnya potensi
Sawit Indonesia mari kita berdaulat
pangan dan energi dengan katalis dan
teknologi proses merah putih Ba bisa
bisa bisa
[Musik]
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
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