L-1.3: Multiprogramming and Multitasking Operating System in Hindi with real life examples

Summary

This video from Gate Smashers explains the key differences between multi-programmed and multi-tasking operating systems. It clarifies that multi-programmed systems, which were introduced first, run multiple processes in RAM but execute each process completely before moving to the next, often leading to CPU idle time. In contrast, multi-tasking or time-sharing systems are pre-emptive, executing a process for a set time interval and then switching to another, ensuring a faster response time and minimal CPU idleness. The video uses a classroom analogy to illustrate these concepts, highlighting the importance of responsiveness and efficient CPU usage in modern operating systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Multi-programmed operating systems aim to maximize the number of processes in RAM, reducing CPU idle time.
• 🕵️‍♂️ Multi-programmed OS uses a non-preemptive scheduling approach, where a process runs to completion or until it requests an I/O operation.
• 💡 The main advantage of multi-programming is that it minimizes CPU idle time by keeping it busy with a queue of processes.
• 👨‍🏫 In the multi-programmed model, a process must explicitly request to pause for I/O operations, allowing the CPU to switch to another process.
• 📚 Multi-tasking or time-sharing operating systems are preemptive, meaning they can interrupt a process to allocate CPU time to other processes.
• ⏱️ Time-sharing systems emphasize response time, ensuring that all processes get timely attention, even if they are not completed in one go.
• 🔄 The round-robin scheduling algorithm is commonly used in time-sharing systems to cycle through processes, giving each a fair share of CPU time.
• 🤖 Multi-tasking systems are designed to provide a more responsive environment, which is crucial for real-time applications and user experience.
• 💻 Modern operating systems, like those used in laptops, are typically multi-tasking or time-sharing, offering a balance between CPU utilization and response time.
• 🔑 The distinction between multi-programmed and multi-tasking systems lies in their scheduling approach and the emphasis on CPU utilization versus response time.

Q & A

What are the two types of operating systems discussed in the script?

The two types of operating systems discussed are multi-tasking and multi-program or time-sharing operating systems.

What is the primary goal of a multi-programmed operating system?

The primary goal of a multi-programmed operating system is to bring as many processes as possible into the RAM to decrease CPU idle time.

How does the process execution work in a multi-programmed operating system?

In a multi-programmed operating system, the execution is generally non-preemptive, meaning the CPU will execute a process completely before moving on to the next one.

What is the significance of non-preemptive scheduling in multi-programmed systems?

Non-preemptive scheduling in multi-programmed systems ensures that once a process starts executing, it runs to completion unless it needs to perform an I/O operation.

How does a multi-tasking or time-sharing operating system differ from a multi-programmed one?

A multi-tasking or time-sharing operating system is preemptive, meaning it can interrupt a process and switch to another process after a certain time interval, regardless of whether the first process has completed.

What is the advantage of using preemptive scheduling in multi-tasking systems?

Preemptive scheduling in multi-tasking systems allows for better responsiveness by ensuring that all processes get a fair share of CPU time, reducing the time a user has to wait for a response.

What is the main difference between the response time in multi-programmed and multi-tasking systems?

In multi-programmed systems, a process must wait for its turn to execute all its tasks before the next process starts, whereas in multi-tasking systems, each process gets a chance to execute a portion of its tasks before the CPU switches to another process.

Why is the CPU idle time low in both multi-programmed and multi-tasking systems?

Both multi-programmed and multi-tasking systems aim to keep the CPU busy by always having processes ready to execute, thus minimizing idle time.

What is an example used in the script to explain the concept of multi-programmed systems?

The script uses the example of 10 students in a class, each with 5 questions to solve, to illustrate how a multi-programmed system would execute all questions for one student before moving on to the next.

What is an example used in the script to explain the concept of multi-tasking systems?

The script uses the same example of students with questions but explains that in a multi-tasking system, the 'CPU' would solve two questions for each student in a round-robin fashion before moving on to the next, ensuring faster response times.

What algorithm is mentioned in the script that is used in multi-tasking systems?

The script mentions the round-robin algorithm as one of the methods used in multi-tasking systems to execute different processes.