Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders (Intro Psych Tutorial #229)
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Michael Corayer explores trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, focusing on PTSD. He explains that PTSD involves intrusive memories of trauma, typically emerging 3 months post-event, and is more common in those exposed to severe stress like military veterans and first responders. The video also touches on acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and the increased risk of suicide in those diagnosed with these conditions.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video discusses trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, focusing on PTSD.
- 🌟 PTSD is characterized by involuntary and intrusive memories of traumatic events, typically emerging about 3 months post-event.
- 👥 For a PTSD diagnosis, the patient must have firsthand experience with the traumatic stressors.
- 🎥 Flashbacks are a key symptom where individuals feel as if they are re-experiencing the traumatic event.
- 🏃 Behavioral symptoms of PTSD include avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma.
- 🔊 Somatic symptoms involve a heightened startle response, a physiological reaction to being startled.
- 🧠 Cognitive symptoms in PTSD manifest as negative beliefs and distorted cognitions, sometimes with catastrophizing thoughts.
- 📊 The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%.
- 👮♂️ Higher prevalence rates are found among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes or assaults.
- 🤝 PTSD often co-occurs with other disorders, with about 80% of diagnosed individuals meeting criteria for another condition.
- ⏳ Acute stress disorder is a related condition focusing on short-term effects of trauma, with symptoms like depersonalization and guilt.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video script?
-The main focus of the video script is to review trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, with a particular emphasis on PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
What is PTSD and what are its key symptoms?
-PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Key symptoms include recurrent involuntary and intrusive memories of the event, often manifesting as flashbacks, avoidance of related stimuli, heightened startle response, and negative beliefs or distorted cognitions.
Why is firsthand exposure to a traumatic event important for a PTSD diagnosis?
-Firsthand exposure to a traumatic event is crucial for a PTSD diagnosis because the disorder is directly linked to the individual's personal experience of trauma. Intrusive memories about events like TV shows, movies, or video games do not qualify for PTSD diagnosis.
How soon after a traumatic event do PTSD symptoms typically emerge?
-PTSD symptoms often emerge about 3 months following the traumatic event, although the timing can vary.
What is the difference between flashbacks and recalling a traumatic event?
-Flashbacks involve the person feeling as if they are re-experiencing the event, as if it is happening again, which is distinct from simply recalling or thinking about the event or ruminating over its details.
Which groups have a higher prevalence of PTSD?
-The prevalence of PTSD is higher in groups such as military veterans, firefighters, police officers, first responders, medical personnel, and victims of crimes including rape, assault, and captivity.
Is PTSD diagnosed more in males or females?
-Contrary to the stereotype that PTSD is more common among military veterans who are often male, more females receive a diagnosis of PTSD than males.
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
-The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%, meaning approximately 3.5% of the population suffers from this disorder over the course of a year.
What is comorbidity in PTSD?
-Comorbidity in PTSD refers to the high likelihood that individuals diagnosed with PTSD also meet the criteria for another disorder, with about 80% of patients having an additional condition such as a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, or a substance abuse disorder.
What is Acute Stress Disorder and how does it differ from PTSD?
-Acute Stress Disorder focuses on the short-term effects of a traumatic event, occurring within a month of the event, and involves symptoms such as feelings of depersonalization and guilt. It differs from PTSD, which considers the long-term effects of exposure to a traumatic event or stressful situation.
What is Adjustment Disorder and how is it related to stress?
-Adjustment Disorder is diagnosed when a person's symptoms and distress caused by a stressful life event are considered out of proportion with the stressor and cause impairments in social or occupational functioning. It can be triggered by less serious stressful events like breakups, divorce, occupational problems, natural disasters, or retirement.
Outlines
🔍 Understanding PTSD and Its Impact
In the first paragraph, Michael Corayer introduces the topic of trauma and stressor-related disorders, focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He clarifies that PTSD involves intrusive memories of traumatic events that the patient has directly experienced, distinguishing it from indirect exposure like watching a movie. Symptoms typically emerge around three months post-event and can manifest as flashbacks, where individuals feel they are re-experiencing the trauma. Behavioral symptoms include avoidance of stimuli related to the event, while somatic symptoms involve a heightened startle response. Cognitive symptoms may present as negative beliefs and distorted cognitions, sometimes with patients catastrophizing their condition. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%. Higher rates are found among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes, with females slightly more diagnosed than males. Comorbidity is common, with about 80% of PTSD patients also meeting criteria for another disorder, often depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. The paragraph also touches on acute stress disorder, which deals with short-term effects of trauma, characterized by depersonalization and guilt within a month of the event, with varying prevalence rates depending on the nature of the trauma.
📈 Adjusting to Stress: Disorders and Suicide Risk
The second paragraph delves into the less severe but still impactful stressors in life, such as breakups, occupational issues, and natural disasters, which can lead to adjustment disorder. This disorder is diagnosed when an individual's response to a stressor is out of proportion, causing significant impairments in social or occupational functioning. It is notably common following serious medical diagnoses, with an increased risk of suicide associated. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content by liking and subscribing, summarizing the discussion on trauma and stressor-related disorders and their various manifestations in different populations.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡PTSD
💡Intrusive memories
💡Flashbacks
💡Avoidance
💡Startle response
💡Cognitive symptoms
💡Lifetime prevalence
💡Comorbidity
💡Acute stress disorder
💡Adjustment disorder
💡Stressors
Highlights
Introduction to trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5.
Discussion on PTSD, including its main symptom of recurrent involuntary memories.
Emphasis on the requirement for firsthand exposure to stressors for PTSD diagnosis.
Description of PTSD symptoms emerging about 3 months post-trauma.
Explanation of flashbacks as a PTSD symptom.
Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma as a behavioral symptom.
Mention of heightened startle response as a somatic symptom in PTSD.
Cognitive symptoms in PTSD, including negative beliefs and distorted cognitions.
Lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%.
Higher prevalence of PTSD among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes.
More females receive a PTSD diagnosis than males, contrary to common stereotypes.
Comorbidity in PTSD, with 80% of patients also meeting criteria for another disorder.
Introduction to acute stress disorder, focusing on short-term effects of trauma.
Prevalence rates of acute stress disorder vary depending on the type of traumatic event.
Discussion on less serious stressful events that can lead to adjustment disorder.
Adjustment disorder diagnosed when stressor-related symptoms are out of proportion.
Increased risk of suicide associated with adjustment disorder.
Conclusion and call to action for viewers to like and subscribe for more content.
Transcripts
Hi, I'm Michael Corayer and this is Psych Exam Review. In this video we're going to look at the
category of trauma and stressor related disorders in the DSM-5. And we'll start by looking at PTSD
or post-traumatic stress disorder and this is a disorder that I've talked about in a previous
video, so I'll post a link to that video in the description. Now one of the main symptoms that we
see in PTSD is recurrent involuntary and intrusive memories of traumatic events. Now it's important
that in the diagnosis of PTSD the patient has firsthand exposure or experience with these
stressors. So if you have intrusive memories about a TV show that you watched or a movie you saw or
a video game that you've played, this wouldn't be considered towards diagnosis of PTSD. These
symptoms often emerge about 3 months following the traumatic event and one way that this can occur is
via what are called flashbacks. So this refers to the person feeling like they are experiencing the
event again it's happening again or they're reliving it. And so this is different from
just recalling the event or thinking about it or ruminating over certain details of the event. The
person actually feels that it's happening again and this is often portrayed in popular culture in
the form of a military veteran who suddenly feels he's back on the battlefield when he's actually in
a more mundane circumstance. Now other symptoms that we see, we see a behavioral symptom which
is avoidance of related stimuli so situations or people or objects that remind the person of this
traumatic event are avoided. And we also see a somatic symptom of a heightened startle response,
so this is refers to a physiological change in the person's reactivity to being startled. And
we also see cognitive symptoms and these include negative beliefs and distorted cognitions and
this distortion sometimes occurs in the form of the patient's saying something like "my nervous
system has been destroyed". Alright so this is sort of exaggeration or catastrophizing of certain
cognitions or beliefs and the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD it's about 8% with a 12-month
estimated prevalence of 3.5% and again that means over the course of a year you'll see about 3.5%
percent of the population is suffering from this disorder. Now of course the prevalence is going to
be higher in some groups and these groups include military veterans, firefighters, police officers,
and first responders or other medical personnel who are more likely to be exposed to traumatic or
very stressful events. But we also see in victims of crimes, victims of rape, assault, combat,
or captivity and there's sort of a stereotype that PTSD is associated with military veterans
and therefore it's often thought of as something that would mostly affect males. But it's actually
the case that there are more females who receive a diagnosis of PTSD than males and we also see
comorbidity in PTSD. About 80% of patients who've been diagnosed with PTSD also meet the criteria
for another disorder and that other disorder is often a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder,
or a substance abuse disorder. Now in the case of PTSD we're mostly thinking about the long-term
effects of exposure to a traumatic event or a stressful situation but of course we also
have shorter term effects and this brings us to another disorder which is acute stress disorder.
So this is more focused on the short-term effects of a traumatic event and this focuses on symptoms
of feelings of depersonalization and guilt following a traumatic event. And these occur
within a month of the event and of course the prevalence varies by event. So people
who experienced a serious vehicular accident about 13-21% of those people will experience
feelings of guilt and depersonalization after the event. In the case of industrial accidents
it's estimated to be about 6-12% of people who've had that experience. And then in the case of rape,
assault, or mass shootings we see about 20-50% of people would meet the criteria for a diagnosis
of acute stress disorder. Of course we also have less serious stressful events,
we have things like breakups, divorce, occupational problems, natural disasters,
and even things like retirement that involve lifestyle changes and these can be stressful
for people and they may actually cause some symptoms and distress. And this can lead to
diagnosis of what's called adjustment disorder and this is where these symptoms and the distress the
person is experiencing because of this stressful life event is considered to be out of proportion
with the stressor, and it's causing impairments in the person's social functioning or in their
occupational function. And this can then lead to this diagnosis of adjustment disorder. This is
actually fairly common in response to serious medical diagnoses. So if people are receiving
a diagnosis of a terminal illness, cancer, or brain tumor, or HIV, some very serious medical
diagnosis, the person is likely to meet the criteria for this adjustment disorder. And
this also carries with it an increased risk of suicide for these patients. Okay so those
are some disorders in this category of trauma and stressor related disorders. I hope you found this
helpful if so please like the video and subscribe to the channel for more. Thanks for watching!
you
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