NOMENCLATURA DE FUNÇÕES MISTAS | Funções Orgânicas - Tem Química Nárrysson Luiz

Summary

This chemistry tutorial focuses on naming organic compounds with mixed functions, essential for college entrance exams like the ENEM. It explains the priority rules for naming based on the IUPAC system, emphasizing the hierarchy of functional groups. The instructor uses examples to demonstrate how to identify the dominant group and correctly apply prefixes and suffixes. The video aims to help students avoid common mistakes in organic nomenclature.

Takeaways

• 📚 This lesson focuses on mixed organic functional groups, which are common in entrance exams like the ENEM.
• 🔍 Students must recognize which functional group has priority and which is subordinate to correctly name organic compounds.
• 📈 The priority is determined by a table that ranks functional groups from bottom to top, with higher priority groups listed higher.
• 🏆 The carboxyl group has the highest priority, so it dictates the naming when it appears with other functional groups.
• 📝 When an aldehyde is connected to a carboxyl group, the aldehyde loses priority, and the term 'oxo' is used instead of 'al'.
• 🚫 The term 'ol' is not used for alcohols when they are connected to a carboxyl group; instead, 'hydroxy' is used.
• 🔝 Amines have priority over all groups listed below them in the table, and their naming follows IUPAC rules unless they are subordinate to a carboxyl group.
• 🔄 The ether functional group does not have a priority and is named based on the connected elements and their positions.
• 🌐 Halogen atoms like fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine connected to a carbon atom are named based on their position and the type of bond.
• 📖 The lesson provides examples of how to name complex organic structures with mixed functional groups, emphasizing the importance of following the priority rules.
• 💌 The instructor encourages students to watch the entire web series on organic nomenclature and to practice using these rules to succeed in exams.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the nomenclature of organic compounds with mixed functions, focusing on how to recognize and prioritize different functional groups in organic chemistry.

Why is the carboxyl group given the highest priority in naming organic compounds?

The carboxyl group is given the highest priority because it is considered the most significant functional group in organic nomenclature. When present, it dictates the name of the compound, and other functional groups are considered subordinate.

What is the rule for naming alcohols when they are connected to a carboxyl group?

When an alcohol is connected to a carboxyl group, it loses its priority, and instead of using the term 'ol', the term 'hydroxy' is used to indicate the alcohol group's presence.

How does the presence of an aldehyde group affect the naming of a compound with a carboxyl group?

If an aldehyde group is present alongside a carboxyl group, the aldehyde group is considered subordinate, and the term 'oxo' is used to indicate its presence, rather than allowing the aldehyde to dictate the compound's name.

What is the significance of the term 'amino' when used in organic nomenclature?

The term 'amino' is used when an amine group is present in a compound but is not the dominant functional group. It indicates the presence of the amine group in a way that acknowledges its subordinate role in the compound's naming.

How does the presence of a ketone affect the naming of an alcohol?

When a ketone is present in a compound with an alcohol group, the ketone takes priority due to its higher position in the functional group hierarchy. The alcohol group is then referred to using the term 'hydroxy' followed by its position.

What is the rule for naming compounds with both an ether and a non-priority functional group?

If an ether group is not the priority functional group, it is referred to using the term 'oxy', and the naming continues with the standard rules, ensuring that the ether group does not dictate the compound's name.

How are halogens named when they are connected to a carbon?

Halogens connected to a carbon are named by using the halogen's name followed by 'o' for a single bond, 'di' for a double bond, and 'tri' for a triple bond, with the prefix indicating the number of carbons in the chain.

What is the process for naming a compound with an acid and an alcohol group?

The acid group takes priority in naming, and the alcohol group is referred to as 'hydroxy' with its position number. The compound is then named based on the acid's standard nomenclature, with the hydroxy group's position indicated.

How does the script suggest approaching the nomenclature of a compound with multiple carboxyl groups?

When multiple carboxyl groups are present, the compound is named starting from the carboxyl group closest to the amine group, with the amine group referred to as 'amino'. The compound is then named as a diacid, with the positions of the carboxyl groups indicated.

What advice does the script give for learning organic nomenclature?

The script advises learners to follow the lessons closely, prioritize different functional groups correctly, and always refer to the IUPAC rules for guidance in organic nomenclature.