O QUE É URBANIZAÇÃO? RESUMO E CONCEITOS | QUER QUE DESENHE?

Descomplica

1 Sept 201703:33

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into urbanization, distinguishing it from urban growth and highlighting its significance in geography. It traces urbanization's roots to the Industrial Revolution, explaining how it spurred rural exodus and city expansion. The script explores various urban forms, from metropolises to megacities and conurbations, noting the rapid rise in megacity numbers. It also introduces the concept of megalopolis, exemplified by BOSWASH in North America and a potential one in Brazil. The video aims to simplify these complex urban dynamics for educational purposes.

Takeaways

🌆 Urbanization and urban growth are not the same. Urban growth refers to the physical expansion of a city, while urbanization is the process where the city's population grows faster than the rural population.
🏙️ A country is considered urbanized when more than 50% of its population lives in cities.
🏭 The concept of large cities is a result of the Industrial Revolution, which intensified among the wealthy in the 19th century and the emerging poor in the 20th century.
🚜 Rural exodus, or the migration from rural to urban areas, is often driven by poor rural conditions and the promise of a better life in cities, which started in Brazil from the 1930s.
🌐 Cities have different configurations, including metropolises, metropolitan regions, conurbations, and megacities.
🌉 Metropolitan regions consist of a metropolis and its surrounding satellite cities, which grow in the orbit of the larger city and form intense flows.
🔗 Conurbations are the physical merging of cities, where the boundaries between cities become indistinguishable.
🏙️ Megacities are extremely large urban areas with more than 10 million inhabitants.
📈 The number of megacities has grown rapidly, jumping from three to 27 in just three decades.
🌐 Megalopolises are extensive urban areas formed by the physical merging of two or more metropolitan areas or regions, like the BOSWASH in the Northeastern United States.

Q & A

What is the main difference between urbanization and urban growth?
-Urbanization refers to the process where the city population grows more than the rural population, while urban growth is the physical expansion of a city, which means the increase in the area of an urban space.
What is the significance of the term 'urban country' in the context of urbanization?
-An 'urban country' is one where more than 50% of the population lives in cities, indicating a high level of urbanization.
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the concept of large cities?
-The Industrial Revolution led to the creation of large cities as it was a period when cities started offering employment opportunities to the population, which was a significant factor in the growth of urban areas.
What is rural exodus and how does it relate to urbanization?
-Rural exodus is a large-scale migration from rural areas to urban areas, often driven by poor conditions in rural areas and the promise of a better life in cities. This migration contributes to urbanization as it increases the city population.
What are the different configurations of cities mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions metropolises, regions metropolitanas (metropolitan areas), conurbations, and megacities as different configurations of cities.
What is a conurbation in the context of urbanization?
-A conurbation is a physical merging of cities where the boundaries between them become unclear, often resulting from rapid urban growth.
Define a mega-city according to the script.
-A mega-city is a very large urban area that houses an urban agglomeration of more than 10 million inhabitants.
How has the number of megacities changed in three decades according to the script?
-In just three decades, the number of megacities has increased from three to 27, indicating a rapid pace of urbanization.
What is a megalopolis and how does it differ from a mega-city?
-A megalopolis is an extensive urban area formed by the physical union of two or more metropolises or metropolitan areas, creating a continuous urban landscape.
What is the BOSWASH megalopolis mentioned in the script?
-BOSWASH is an example of a megalopolis in the Northeastern United States, stretching from Boston to Washington, including cities like New York.
How does the script describe the potential megalopolis in Brazil?
-The script suggests that Brazil's potential megalopolis was expected to form between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, but São Paulo's growth towards Santos and Campinas indicates a different direction of urban expansion.

Outlines

00:00

🌆 Understanding Urbanization

The script introduces the topic of urbanization, emphasizing its relevance to geography. It distinguishes between urbanization and urban growth, with the former referring to the increase in city population relative to rural population, and the latter being the physical expansion of urban areas. The script highlights that urbanization is a relatively recent phenomenon, largely a result of the Industrial Revolution, which led to job opportunities in cities and prompted rural-to-urban migration, known as rural exodus. This concept is exemplified by the historical migration patterns in Brazil starting from the 1930s.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the process where the population of cities grows more rapidly than that of rural areas. It is a key concept in the video, as it sets the stage for discussing the various aspects of city growth and the shift of populations from rural to urban areas. The video emphasizes that urbanization is not the same as urban growth, which is the physical expansion of a city's area.

💡Urban Growth

Urban growth is defined as the physical expansion of a city, or the increase in the area of an urban space. The video script distinguishes urban growth from urbanization, highlighting that while urbanization is about population shifts, urban growth is about the spatial expansion of cities.

💡Urban Exode

Urban exode, also known as rural-urban migration, is a significant phenomenon discussed in the video. It refers to the large-scale movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, often driven by the promise of better living conditions and employment opportunities. The script mentions that this was a significant factor in Brazil's urbanization process starting from the 1930s.

💡Metropolis

A metropolis is a large and densely populated urban area that serves as a major center of commerce, culture, and governance. In the context of the video, metropolises like São Paulo, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, and others are mentioned as examples of central zones with high levels of importance and influence.

💡Metropolitan Region

A metropolitan region is a collection of cities and towns that are closely linked to a central, larger city, often referred to as the metropolis. The video explains that this region includes the metropolis and its satellite cities, which grow around the main city and create intense flows of people and resources.

💡Conurbation

Conurbation is a term used to describe the physical merging of cities, where the boundaries between them become blurred as they grow and expand. The video script uses this term to illustrate how urban areas can become so large and interconnected that it becomes difficult to distinguish where one city ends and another begins.

💡Megacity

A megacity is a very large city that has a population of over ten million inhabitants. The video script discusses the rapid growth of megacities, noting that the number of such cities has increased significantly in recent decades, indicating a trend towards larger and more densely populated urban areas.

💡Megalopolis

A megalopolis is an extensive urban area formed by the physical merging of two or more metropolitan areas or regions. The video provides the example of BOSWASH in the northeastern United States, which stretches from Boston to Washington, including New York. It also mentions the attempt to form a megalopolis between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in Brazil.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is a period of significant economic and social change that began in the late 18th century, characterized by the shift from manual labor to machines and the development of large-scale manufacturing. The video script connects the concept of the large city to the Industrial Revolution, noting that it was a time when cities began to offer employment opportunities, attracting people from rural areas.

💡Rural-Urban Migration

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural to urban areas. The video script discusses this as a driving force behind urbanization, where individuals are often motivated by the harsh conditions in rural areas and the hope for a better life in cities.

Highlights

Urbanization and urban growth are not the same; urban growth refers to the physical expansion of a city, while urbanization is the process where the city's population grows more than the rural population.

A country is considered urbanized when more than 50% of its population lives in cities.

The concept of large cities is a result of the Industrial Revolution, which intensified among the rich in the 19th century and the emerging poor in the 20th century.

The promise of better life in cities often drives rural exodus, a significant migratory movement from rural to urban areas, which started in Brazil from the 1930s.

Cities, despite their similarities, always present different configurations, such as metropolises with high importance and influence like São Paulo, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, BH, and Manaus.

A metropolitan region is a set formed by a metropolis and satellite cities, which grow in the orbit of the metropolis and form intense flows.

Conurbation represents the physical joining of cities, where the boundaries between one city and another become blurred.

A megacity is a giant, super urban agglomeration with more than 10 million inhabitants.

The number of megacities has jumped from three to 27 in just three decades.

Megalopolises are extensive urban areas formed by the physical joining of two or more metropolises or metropolitan regions, like the BOSWASH in the Northeastern United States.

In Brazil, there was an attempt to form a megalopolis between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, but São Paulo grew more towards Santos and Campinas than towards Rio de Janeiro.

The Brazilian megalopolis is seen falling towards São Paulo, Campinas, and Santos.

The video encourages viewers to subscribe to the channel, like the video, and follow on social media for easier Enem preparation.

A complete map can be downloaded by subscribing through the link in the description.

The video ends with an invitation to subscribe and share, emphasizing the ease of understanding with Descomplica.