دروس الأولى باك آداب: القافية حدودها وحروفها وأنواعها

Summary

This video delves into the concept of rhyme in Arabic poetry, exploring its definitions, types, and key elements. It focuses on the work of Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi, who defined rhyme as the movement from the last consonant to the preceding consonant, with its corresponding vowel. The lesson covers absolute and restricted rhyme types, the roles of different rhyme letters like ruif and radif, and provides examples from notable poets such as Al-Mutanabbi and Antarah Ibn Shaddad. The video offers a comprehensive understanding of Arabic prosody and its applications in poetry.

Takeaways

• 😀 The rhyme in Arabic prosody is defined as the sound from the last consonant to the first consonant before it, including the vowel preceding it.
• 😀 Rhyme can be a single word, a part of a word, or multiple words depending on the proximity of pauses and vowels in the verse.
• 😀 Absolute rhyme ends with a saturated vowel or sukoon, while restricted rhyme ends with a sukoon without vowel extension.
• 😀 The rhyme letter, called the 'ruif,' is the letter chosen by the poet to build the rhyme scheme, such as lamiyah, mimiyah, or nuniyah.
• 😀 Long vowels (waw, alif, ya') and the letter ha’ are not considered rhyme letters unless they are preceded by a long vowel.
• 😀 The 'letter of connection' follows the rhyme letter and is often a long vowel (alif, waw, or ya') or a silent ha’.
• 😀 The 'khurooj' is the saturation of the vowel of connection, ensuring it is properly extended, such as in examples from poetry.
• 😀 'Radif' is the long vowel or soft letter that comes directly before the rhyme letter without interruption.
• 😀 The 'alif of foundation' is an alif that connects to the rhyme letter, separated only by a consonant letter, which may vary in each verse.
• 😀 Different rhyme types, including Mutakkawiz, Mutakkammum, Mutadarik, Mutawatir, and Mutaradif, depend on the number of movements between pauses, affecting their categorization.

Q & A

What is the definition of rhyme according to Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi?

Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi defines the rhyme as the segment starting from the last consonant to the first consonant before it, considering the movement of the letter that precedes it or comes before it.

What is the difference between a rhyme being a single word versus less than a word?

A rhyme can be a single complete word, as in the word 'adhlamy,' or it can be less than a word, as in the example 'al-zalālāl,' where only part of the word forms the rhyme.

What is the distinction between absolute and restricted rhymes?

An absolute rhyme ends with a saturated vowel or a long vowel letter, whereas a restricted rhyme ends with a sukoon that we stop on, without a vowel.

Can all letters be considered as 'rui' (rhyme letters)?

No, all letters can be considered as 'rui' except for the three long vowels (alif, waw, ya’) and the letter 'ha’' unless it is preceded by a long vowel.

What is the function of the 'letter of connection' in rhyme?

The letter of connection follows the rhyme letter and links it directly, typically as a long vowel like alif, waw, or ya’, or a silent or moving ha’.

What is the concept of 'khurooj' in prosody?

'Khurooj' refers to the saturation of the vowel of connection, often involving a ha’ that is preceded by a consonant letter. It adds an extension to the rhyme and is usually written in prosodic writing.

How is the 'radif' used in the context of rhyme?

The 'radif' is a long vowel that comes directly before the rhyme letter, such as alif, waw, or ya’, without any break. It serves as a preceding vowel to the rhyme letter.

What does 'alif of foundation' mean in prosody?

The 'alif of foundation' is an alif that directly precedes the rhyme letter, with a consonant letter (like ra, nun, etc.) separating it from the rhyme. It does not separate the rhyme letter by a vowel.

What are the types of rhyme based on the number of movements between the sukoon?

The types of rhyme based on movements between the sukoon are Mutakkawiz (4 movements), Mutakkammum (3 movements), Mutadarik (2 movements), Mutawatir (1 movement), and Mutaradif (no movement).

How does the prosodic writing help in understanding rhymes?

Prosodic writing helps in identifying the movements, pauses, and rhyme letters by segmenting the verse into distinct parts, allowing for accurate identification of the rhyme's type and structure.