Autismo níveis 1 2 e 3 de suporte [GRAUS LEVE, MODERADO E SEVERO]

Summary

This video discusses the complexities of autism classification, particularly the common misconceptions surrounding terms like 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe.' It explains that these terms are not officially used in diagnostic manuals like DSM or CID. Instead, autism is categorized based on levels of support required, from minimal to intensive. The video highlights the challenges of diagnosing young children and emphasizes the importance of individualized care. The speaker also compares the DSM and CID approaches, noting how genetic markers and other factors play a role in the diagnosis and intervention planning for autism.

Takeaways

• 😀 The terms 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe' are commonly used in autism but do not have a clear, official definition in diagnostic manuals.
• 😀 The DSM classification of autism refers to the level of support needed (levels 1, 2, and 3), not the severity of the condition.
• 😀 The DSM and ICD are the two primary diagnostic frameworks for autism, but they have different classifications and criteria.
• 😀 The DSM categorizes autism into three levels of support, with level 1 requiring minimal support, level 2 requiring substantial support, and level 3 requiring very intensive support.
• 😀 The ICD, particularly in its latest version (CID-11), does not use the levels 1, 2, and 3 but instead focuses on functional language and intellectual abilities.
• 😀 Diagnosing autism in young children is challenging, as behaviors can change significantly as the child matures, making early-level classifications unreliable.
• 😀 Defining autism severity or level at an early age is difficult because cognitive abilities and functional language often develop later, making accurate assessments harder.
• 😀 Autism may present with a variety of symptoms, including self-harm or sensory behaviors, which do not necessarily correlate with intelligence or language abilities.
• 😀 Genetic markers are increasingly identified as contributing to autism, offering more clarity on specific cases, with several well-known genetic links now established.
• 😀 The most reliable way to diagnose and support individuals with autism is through personalized, evidence-based assessments rather than relying solely on broad categorizations like 'mild' or 'severe'.

Q & A

What do the terms 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe' mean in the context of autism?

The terms 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe' are commonly used to describe the severity of autism, but they do not have official definitions in the diagnostic criteria. These terms typically refer to the level of support an individual with autism requires in daily life. 'Mild' suggests minimal support, 'moderate' indicates substantial support, and 'severe' means very substantial support.

How do the DSM and ICD differ in their approach to classifying autism?

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) uses levels 1, 2, and 3 to describe the level of support needed, focusing on functional impairments. The ICD (International Classification of Diseases), however, does not use these levels and instead emphasizes functional aspects like speech and intellectual disabilities, without categorizing autism by severity.

What is the primary focus of the DSM when classifying autism?

The DSM primarily focuses on the level of support required by an individual with autism. It uses levels 1, 2, and 3 to indicate whether a person needs minimal, substantial, or very substantial support in daily life, based on their functional challenges.

Why are the terms 'mild,' 'moderate,' and 'severe' not ideal for autism diagnosis?

These terms are often used informally, but they are not clearly defined in official diagnostic manuals, which leads to confusion. They do not account for the individual's specific needs and abilities. For example, an individual with preserved cognition but significant self-injurious behaviors may be labeled as 'severe,' even though their cognitive abilities may not align with the severity implied by the term.

Can autism be accurately diagnosed in very young children?

It is difficult to make a precise autism diagnosis in very young children, especially regarding intellectual disability and support levels. Early in life, many diagnostic features of autism are still developing, and intellectual disabilities cannot be reliably assessed until later in childhood.

What is the importance of individualized assessment in autism diagnosis?

Individualized assessment is crucial because each person with autism has unique strengths and challenges. Standardized classifications (like levels 1, 2, and 3) do not capture the full complexity of an individual's needs. Detailed behavioral assessments tailored to each person help guide appropriate interventions and support strategies.

How does the ICD approach autism classification?

The ICD, particularly in its 11th version (CID-11), abandons the level-based classification (1, 2, 3) and instead focuses on more specific criteria, such as speech functionality and intellectual disability. It does not categorize autism by severity but instead looks at the presence or absence of certain functional impairments.

What role does intellectual disability play in autism diagnosis?

Intellectual disability is a significant factor in autism diagnosis, particularly when determining the level of support needed. The presence or absence of intellectual disability can guide treatment plans and educational strategies, though it is challenging to diagnose intellectual disabilities in very young children.

What is the difference between the DSM's levels and the ICD's focus on functional impairments?

The DSM's levels (1, 2, and 3) focus on the degree of support an individual needs in daily life, based on the severity of their autism-related challenges. In contrast, the ICD does not use these levels but instead focuses on functional impairments, such as speech and intellectual disabilities, to assess the individual's condition.

How does the presence of specific genetic markers relate to autism diagnosis according to the ICD?

The ICD allows for the inclusion of genetic markers in autism diagnosis. Certain genes, such as SYNGAP1 or Sheik3, have been identified in autism cases, and their presence can help explain the autism diagnosis. This is particularly useful for cases where a clear genetic cause for autism is known, providing more precise information about the individual’s condition.