ESCALA DE COMA DE GLASGOW ATUALIZADA - APRENDA AGORA FÁCIL

Summary

In this video, the instructor, a nurse and expert in emergency care, simplifies the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for viewers. The GCS is used to assess the severity of traumatic brain injuries by evaluating three key parameters: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The video breaks down how to assess each parameter, with clear explanations and examples, to calculate the total GCS score. The instructor also touches on the inclusion of pupil reaction assessment. This lesson helps viewers understand and accurately calculate the GCS, making it easier to identify the severity of traumatic brain injuries.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is primarily used to assess and classify traumatic brain injury (TBI), helping to determine the severity of the trauma as mild, moderate, or severe.
• 😀 The GCS evaluates three key parameters: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response. These parameters help determine the patient's neurological status.
• 😀 The scale ranges from a minimum score of 3 (indicating no response) to a maximum score of 15 (indicating full consciousness and orientation).
• 😀 Eye opening can be rated from 1 to 4 points, with the highest score given for spontaneous eye opening, and lower scores for opening eyes in response to stimuli or pressure.
• 😀 Verbal response is scored from 1 to 5, with a score of 5 for a fully oriented patient, and lower scores for confusion, inappropriate words, or no verbal response.
• 😀 Motor response is scored from 1 to 6. The maximum score of 6 is given if the patient follows commands, with lower scores for abnormal or absent motor responses.
• 😀 A score of 13–15 on the GCS indicates mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), 9–12 indicates moderate TBI, and a score below 8 signifies severe TBI.
• 😀 If the Glasgow score falls below 8, the patient may require advanced airway management or intubation due to compromised airway function.
• 😀 The GCS has been updated to include pupil reaction, where the absence of reaction in one or both pupils reduces the GCS score by one or two points.
• 😀 The pupil reaction assessment involves shining light in the eyes and checking if the pupils constrict. Non-reactive pupils result in a score reduction, reflecting the severity of the neurological condition.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?

The primary purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is to evaluate and classify the severity of traumatic brain injuries (TBI), specifically head trauma or traumatic brain injury (TCE). It helps to determine whether the injury is mild, moderate, or severe.

What are the three parameters assessed in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

The three parameters assessed in the Glasgow Coma Scale are: 1) Eye opening response, 2) Verbal response, and 3) Motor response.

How is the eye opening response evaluated in the GCS?

The eye opening response is evaluated by checking whether the patient opens their eyes spontaneously, in response to verbal stimulation, or in response to painful stimulation. Scores range from 1 to 4, with 4 for spontaneous opening, 3 for opening to verbal stimulation, 2 for opening to pain, and 1 for no eye opening.

What does a score of 1 mean for the eye opening response in GCS?

A score of 1 for the eye opening response means that the patient does not open their eyes at all, even with stimulation.

What is the scoring range for the verbal response in the GCS?

The verbal response is scored on a scale from 1 to 5. A score of 5 is for an oriented response, where the patient can correctly answer questions about their identity and situation. A score of 4 is for confusion, 3 for inappropriate words, 2 for sounds or moans, and 1 for no verbal response.

What does a score of 4 mean for verbal response in GCS?

A score of 4 for the verbal response means that the patient is confused and provides incorrect answers to questions, although they are attempting to respond.

How is the motor response evaluated in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

The motor response is evaluated by asking the patient to perform actions such as moving a limb or squeezing the examiner's hand. If the patient follows commands, they receive the maximum score of 6. If not, responses to painful stimuli are evaluated, with scores ranging from 5 (localizing pain) to 1 (no motor response).

What does a score of 6 indicate for the motor response in GCS?

A score of 6 for the motor response indicates that the patient is able to obey commands and perform actions like lifting a limb or squeezing a hand.

What does a GCS score of 8 or less signify?

A GCS score of 8 or less signifies a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), where the patient may be unable to maintain an open airway and could require intubation or advanced airway management.

What is the importance of evaluating the pupillary reaction in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

The pupillary reaction is an important addition to the Glasgow Coma Scale as it provides insight into brain function. The reaction of the pupils to light can indicate the severity of brain injury. If the pupils do not respond to light, one or two points are subtracted from the GCS score.