(附字幕) 盧永雄「巴士的點評」「拖鞋軍」最大戰果,英國油輪被導彈擊中起大火。美國沒搞出來的「終極能源」貨輪,中國出手造比兩隻航母更大的核動力貨櫃船來了。 24年1月28日

Bastille Post巴士的報
28 Jan 202413:27

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses the Houthi rebel group in Yemen, known as the 'flip-flop militia', successfully attacking a British oil tanker in the Red Sea with missiles. It also covers China's development of a thorium molten salt nuclear reactor, which the US failed to accomplish, and plans to install it on a massive 24,000 TEU nuclear-powered container ship. Additionally, it analyzes failed US naval escorts in the Red Sea unable to prevent Houthi attacks, and speculates on China potentially mediating between Iran, Houthis, and the US to reduce tensions.

Takeaways

  • 😲 Yemen's Houthi forces struck a British oil tanker in the Red Sea with a missile, causing a large fire on board
  • 👷‍♂️ China has succeeded in developing a thorium-based molten salt nuclear reactor, which the US failed to develop
  • 🚢 China plans to build the world's largest 24,000 TEU nuclear-powered container ship using the molten salt reactor
  • 😥 The Houthi attack shows the failure of the US-led Red Sea escort operation to protect ships
  • 🤝 Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi met US National Security Advisor Sullivan, likely to discuss Iran and Yemen
  • 🌡 The thorium-based molten salt reactor is considered an 'ultimate energy source' - highly efficient and safe
  • 🚝 The US first researched molten salt reactors for military purposes but gave up; China continued for civilian use
  • 🔋 China has the 2nd largest thorium reserves, can power the country for 20,000 years based on current electricity use
  • 👍 China is leading globally in developing 4th generation thorium molten salt nuclear reactors
  • 🛳 The molten salt reactor is suitable to power China's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers

Q & A

  • What was the biggest military achievement by the Houthis recently?

    -The Houthis recently launched missile attacks in the Red Sea, hitting a British oil tanker and causing a major fire.

  • What nuclear reactor technology has China succeeded with that the US failed at?

    -China has succeeded at developing thorium-based molten salt reactors, which the US attempted but failed to commercialize.

  • What is the next big ship China plans to launch using nuclear technology?

    -China plans to launch a 24,000 TEU nuclear-powered container ship, larger than two aircraft carriers, using thorium molten salt reactors.

  • Why can't the US-led naval coalition stop Houthi attacks in the Red Sea?

    -The recent successful Houthi missile strike on a British oil tanker despite the naval coalition shows the US failure to control the Houthis in the Red Sea.

  • How does a thorium molten salt reactor work?

    -It uses radioactive thorium-232 as fuel, converting it to uranium-233 which can be separated out and used again, enabling breeding of nuclear fuel.

  • Why is the thorium molten salt reactor considered an 'ultimate energy' technology?

    -It is highly efficient, produces minimal nuclear waste, is safer, has lower construction costs, does not need water cooling, and has almost zero carbon emissions.

  • Why did the US abandon thorium reactor research?

    -The US focused only on military applications. Once ICBMs made nuclear bombers obsolete, they lost interest in thorium reactors.

  • How does China's thorium reserves compare with other countries?

    -China has the 2nd largest thorium reserves in the world after India, which can potentially power China for 20,000 years.

  • What are the advantages of thorium reactors for China?

    -Thorium abundance domestically helps China's energy security. The technology also has military applications for powering aircraft carriers.

  • Where can I subscribe to watch Bus Daily's video content?

    -You can subscribe to Bus Daily's video content on their website and also on Granate, their video platform.

Outlines

00:00

😊 Houthi Rebels Successfully Attack Oil Tanker in Red Sea

Paragraph 1 summarizes that Houthi rebels in Yemen claimed responsibility for missile strikes on a US destroyer and a British oil tanker called Marlin Rowanda in the Red Sea. The attack set the oil tanker on fire. The missile aimed at the destroyer USS Cole was intercepted. The strike comes after the US-led naval coalition to escort ships through the Red Sea failed to stop attacks. China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently met with the US National Security Advisor to discuss getting Iran and the Houthis to stop attacking ships.

05:00

🔋 China Leads in Thorium Molten Salt Reactor, to Power World's Largest Container Ship

Paragraph 2 explains China's development of molten salt thorium reactors, considered one of the most promising advanced nuclear technologies. China will use this technology to power the world's largest 24,000 TEU nuclear-powered container ship. The technology is clean, safe, efficient and sustainable. The US previously researched it for military purposes but gave up. China continued research to solve energy needs and will achieve commercial operation soon.

10:01

😀 China Has Abundant Thorium Reserves, Enabling Energy Security

Paragraph 3 notes China has the 2nd largest thorium reserves, which can meet energy needs for 20,000 years. China aims to lead global commercialization of thorium molten salt reactors. The technology ensures China's energy security. Thorium is abundant while China lacks uranium. The reactors can also likely power China's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Houthi rebels

The Houthi rebels are an armed group in Yemen fighting against the internationally recognized government. They are named after their founding leader Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi. In the video, the Houthi rebels are mentioned as successfully attacking and setting fire to a British oil tanker in the Red Sea using anti-ship missiles. This demonstrates their military capability despite Saudi-led efforts to defeat them.

💡Red Sea

The Red Sea is a strategic sea lane connecting the Indian Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal. In the video, the Red Sea is described as an area where Houthi rebel attacks on commercial ships are escalating, forcing rerouting of shipping traffic and impacting global trade.

💡oil tanker

Oil tankers are large ships designed for transporting crude oil in bulk. In the video, a British-owned oil tanker called Maran Andromeda is mentioned as being struck and set on fire by a Houthi rebel missile attack in the Red Sea. Oil tankers are vulnerable targets with potentially disastrous consequences if attacked.

💡thorium-based molten salt reactor

This is an advanced, fourth-generation nuclear reactor technology using molten thorium salt as the fuel. The video mentions China has succeeded in developing this reactor which the US failed to accomplish. It has benefits like improved safety, efficiency and sustainability over conventional reactors.

💡nuclear-powered container ship

This refers to container ships powered by onboard nuclear reactors rather than conventional fossil fuels. The video discusses China's plans to build the world's largest 24,000 TEU nuclear-powered container ship using thorium molten salt reactor technology, with national security implications.

💡rare earth elements

Rare earth elements like thorium are minerals with unique properties critical for high-tech industries. China has the world's second largest reserves of rare earths including thorium. The video mentions China's thorium reserves can potentially power thorium molten salt reactors for 20,000 years, ensuring national energy security.

💡carbon emissions

Carbon emissions refer to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels. The video describes thorium molten salt reactors as having near zero carbon emissions compared to conventional coal power plants, making them a greener energy solution.

💡nuclear proliferation

Nuclear proliferation refers to the spread of nuclear weapons technology between countries. Unlike uranium, thorium itself cannot be weaponized, potentially making thorium reactors less of a proliferation risk. This is touched upon briefly when contrasting U.S. and China's nuclear power motivations.

💡energy security

Energy security means having reliable access to affordable energy resources. The video suggests China's thorium reserves and development of thorium molten salt reactors improves its energy security by reducing dependence on imported uranium and fossil fuels like oil.

💡geopolitics

Geopolitics refers to how geographical factors like energy resources influence relations between countries. The video implies thorium molten salt reactor development shifts the geopolitical landscape by strengthening China's strategic position in areas like shipping and naval power.

Highlights

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Transcripts

play00:00

大家好,今天和大家談一談

play00:02

胡塞武裝這「拖鞋軍」獲得最大戰果

play00:06

在紅海擊中英國油輪,發生大火

play00:10

另外 美國沒搞出來的核發應堆釷基熔鹽堆

play00:13

中國造出來了,還裝上貨輪

play00:16

比兩隻航母更大的核動力貨櫃船即將面世

play00:20

昨日講起美國沒法控制胡塞武裝對紅海的攻擊

play00:24

胡塞武裝馬上迎來最大的戰果

play00:28

1月26日

play00:29

也門胡塞武裝發言人薩雷亞宣稱

play00:31

當天該組織再次發射反艦彈道導彈

play00:35

攻擊了航行在亞丁灣的1艘

play00:37

美國驅逐艦「卡尼」號

play00:39

和1艘英國油輪「馬林·羅安達」號

play00:42

攻擊「卡尼」號驅逐艦的導彈被攔截

play00:44

但英國油輪「馬林·羅安達」號則被擊中

play00:48

「這次打擊是直接的,致船隻起火」

play00:51

此外,還有消息稱

play00:52

疑似屬於印度的油輪也在紅海遭胡塞武裝攻擊

play00:56

但沒有被擊中

play00:58

英國海事貿易運營辦公室證實了相關消息

play01:01

稱其旗下的「馬林·羅安達」號油輪

play01:03

在也門南部港口城市亞丁約111公里處

play01:07

被導彈擊中並起大火

play01:09

船上人員已請求緊急救援

play01:12

「馬林·羅安達」號油輪建造於2018年

play01:15

由全球最大金屬和石油貿易商之一托克集團擁有

play01:19

「馬林·羅安達」號今次是運載俄羅斯的石腦油

play01:23

襲擊發生後

play01:24

布倫特原油價格隨即走高

play01:27

“馬林·魯安達”號油輪被導彈擊中後起火的圖片

play01:30

被發佈在社交媒體上

play01:32

從圖片中可以清晰地看到“馬林·魯安達”號

play01:35

油輪上燃起大火,有濃煙升起

play01:38

托克集團其後表示

play01:40

經歷了幾個小時的滅火工作

play01:42

“馬林·魯安達”號油輪上的大火於

play01:45

當地時間當天下午被撲滅

play01:46

船員已經安全

play01:48

目前這艘油輪正在駛向一個安全的港口

play01:51

他們正在進一步評估在紅海航行的安全風險

play01:55

聯合國貿易和發展會議官員表示

play01:58

目前貨櫃船在紅海航線的過境數量

play02:01

比去年同期下降了67%

play02:04

受影響最大的是液化天然氣運輸船

play02:07

自1月16日起已完全停航

play02:10

可以想像,液化天然氣運輸船

play02:13

一中彈可能發生大爆炸

play02:15

所以全部避開紅海航線

play02:18

今次英國油輪中彈起火,雖然最後撲滅

play02:21

但油輪都是高危

play02:23

相信未來油輪大多會避開此航線

play02:26

結論是美國牽頭的紅海護航行動

play02:28

阻止不了英國油輪中彈

play02:31

已證明是失敗行動

play02:33

另外,外長王毅

play02:35

1月27日起一連兩日在曼谷

play02:37

與美國國家安全顧問沙利文會面

play02:40

相信美國有求於中國,叫中國幫手

play02:44

勸伊朗和胡塞武裝不要再襲擊商船

play02:48

不過,中國是否願幫忙

play02:50

要看大家怎樣談判

play02:52

另外想講講,去年12月

play02:54

中國船舶集團有限公司旗下江南造船集團

play02:57

發佈全球首型、世界最大的

play03:00

24000標準櫃級核動力貨櫃船船型設計

play03:05

「首型」、「最大」、「核動力」這幾個關鍵詞

play03:08

一下子吸引了眼球

play03:11

我之前已提過這隻核動力貨櫃船船

play03:14

如今有更多訊息透露出來

play03:16

內地自媒體正解局

play03:18

有一個詳盡報道,可以進一步講講

play03:21

目前,全球貿易中貨運的主力仍是海運

play03:25

現代的貨櫃船也會盡可能往更大的方向製造

play03:29

比如上海江南造船製造的中海環球號

play03:33

全長就已經達到400米

play03:35

可承載19100個標準貨櫃箱

play03:39

再如瑞士全海公司建造的開拓精神號

play03:42

既是世界上已建最大的貨物運輸船

play03:46

又是一個多功能的工業巨獸

play03:48

是目前世界上唯一能運輸和拆卸海上鑽井平台、

play03:53

沉船和其他大型海洋工程設備的大船

play03:57

長382米,寬124米

play04:01

為這些巨船提供長距離動力的燃料

play04:04

大致包括低硫重油、甲醇、乙醇、氨和氫等

play04:09

許多新造的貨櫃船也採用LNG天然氣燃料

play04:13

但不論是上述哪種

play04:15

廣義上仍屬於化石燃料,能效太低

play04:19

而江南造船廠計劃打造的超級貨櫃船

play04:22

排水量近24萬噸,是一隻龐然大物

play04:26

相當於兩艘12萬噸級的巨型航空母艦

play04:31

這次江南造船能把第四代堆型熔鹽核反應堆

play04:36

用在這貨櫃船上,是一種超前的思路

play04:40

相對於傳統化石能源

play04:42

釷基熔鹽核反應堆

play04:43

不僅動力持久,而且裝置很小

play04:46

產能過程綠色

play04:48

技術也更安全

play04:49

是大型船隻動力的上上之選

play04:52

順帶一提

play04:53

江南造船公佈的釷基熔鹽堆

play04:55

能為更大個頭和更大噸位的24萬噸級貨櫃船

play05:00

提供動力

play05:01

它要成為我國航母的新一代核動力

play05:04

自然也不是問題

play05:06

站在民用能源的角度看,釷基熔鹽堆

play05:09

絕對是目前人類技術射程內

play05:12

即是已逝入商業運作的能源中

play05:15

最好的能源

play05:16

被稱為其中一種「終極能源」

play05:18

現在全面商用最先進的核反應堆是第三代反應堆

play05:23

而中國已在試驗商業營運第四代堆型

play05:25

第四代核反應堆是更安全,更環保

play05:28

和更可持續的核反應堆

play05:30

而熔鹽反應堆

play05:31

6種第四代反應堆堆型之一

play05:33

也是最成熟的一種

play05:34

這個美國沒搞成的核技術

play05:37

為什麼被稱為「終極能源」?

play05:40

第四代堆型熔鹽反應堆是增殖反應堆的一種

play05:44

以放射性釷-232為核燃料

play05:47

使用熔化的氟化釷

play05:49

在熱中子堆中轉化為鈾-233

play05:53

鈾-233可分離出來返回反應堆中循環使用

play05:58

這就是所謂可以增殖

play06:00

熔鹽反應堆選用釷-232作燃料

play06:02

是因為釷的燃效非常高

play06:04

用於發電的話

play06:06

理論上一噸釷可提供相當於200噸鈾235

play06:10

或350萬噸煤所提供的電能

play06:14

反應堆產生的能量,加熱水蒸氣

play06:17

推動渦輪機,轉化為電能

play06:19

冷卻後的熔鹽也可以再次流回反應器

play06:24

繼續參與裂變反應

play06:26

這樣整個過程下來

play06:27

核能轉化為電能,非常綠色環保

play06:30

第四代堆型熔鹽反應堆相較於傳統的水冷反應堆

play06:34

具有更高的安全性、更少的核廢料、

play06:37

更長的使用壽命和更廣泛的能源應用前景

play06:41

第一是建設成本更低

play06:43

熔鹽堆使用的高溫熔鹽

play06:45

因為是液態流體

play06:47

本身可以作為反應堆冷卻劑

play06:50

而且這種熔鹽具有高溫低壓的特性

play06:53

即高溫時不會壓力大增

play06:56

所以無需壓力組件去裝載它

play06:59

反應堆的容器沒必要使用沈重而昂貴的特種材料

play07:03

這樣反應堆易於小型化和輕便化

play07:06

建造成本也隨之大幅降低

play07:08

也適合運用在輪船這種環境中

play07:12

第二是更節能、更高效

play07:15

高溫下釷的提取和回收技術的不斷提升

play07:18

實現了釷燃料的高效利用

play07:20

減少了核廢料產生

play07:22

更節能,經濟效益也更高

play07:25

第三是可建在內陸地區

play07:28

熔鹽堆採用非水冷技術

play07:31

而且它的鏈式反應的特點上也不需要水來吸收核輻射

play07:35

總體上對水資源的消耗很少

play07:38

不必建在海邊

play07:40

乾旱地區同樣能修建

play07:42

特別適合在內陸偏遠地區

play07:44

實現高效發電

play07:46

第四是安全性更高

play07:48

熔鹽堆發生核洩漏的概率很低

play07:50

因為熔鹽堆在運行過程中本身不產生壓力

play07:54

出現事故後,熔鹽自行流入儲罐封存

play07:58

冷卻後凝固成固體,不會四處擴散

play08:02

鏈式裂變反應自動停止

play08:05

至於清潔方面則毋庸置疑

play08:07

與化石燃料相比

play08:08

熔鹽堆幾乎做到了零碳排放

play08:12

據測算,熔鹽堆的放射性很弱

play08:14

對工作人員的危害性很小

play08:17

另外再講講熔鹽堆發展的歷史

play08:19

正如很多技術一樣

play08:20

熔鹽堆的研發最早也是起源於美國

play08:24

二戰末期,美國嘗到了核武器的甜頭

play08:29

剛好一大堆核物理學家在和平年代無用武之地

play08:34

於是 美國空軍就在1946年開啓了飛行器反應堆實驗

play08:39

想將反應堆小型化

play08:40

製造出核動力轟炸機這種「永不疲倦的鐵鳥」

play08:45

可以不斷在天上飛不需要加油

play08:49

真正實現全球的空中力量打擊

play08:52

1965年,美國橡樹嶺國家實驗室

play08:55

建成液態燃料熔鹽實驗堆

play08:59

這是在我國成功研發之前

play09:01

唯一成功實現釷基核燃料運行的反應堆

play09:05

一直運行到1969年

play09:07

但美國沒想到的是

play09:09

後來戰略彈道導彈技術迅猛發展

play09:12

導彈越州飛行

play09:13

讓核動力轟炸機的價值迅速下滑

play09:17

美國發展鎔鹽堆由始至終只想作軍事用途

play09:21

未來軍事用不上,加之核原料供給緊張、

play09:25

提純成本相當高、燃料消耗大等問題

play09:28

美國終止了釷基熔鹽堆的研發計劃

play09:32

雖然美國最早研發出熔鹽堆

play09:35

但在應用上沒有繼續走下去

play09:37

美國人沒搞成的技術

play09:39

中國就把它搞成功了

play09:41

我國研發核能技術

play09:42

首要考慮的不是軍事爭霸

play09:45

而是為生產和生活提供能源

play09:47

因為中國缺乏能源

play09:50

正如正解局的評論說到

play09:52

所謂角度不同,格局高下立見

play09:55

2011年,我國政府在甘肅武威

play09:58

重啓釷基熔鹽堆的研究

play10:01

計劃用20年時間

play10:03

在國際上首先實現釷基熔鹽堆的應用

play10:06

同時建立釷基熔鹽堆產業鏈和相應的科技隊伍

play10:08

當年1月,我國在甘肅武威

play10:10

開啓2百萬瓦的小型試驗型

play10:13

熔鹽反應爐的研發計劃

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當時主要的技術難關在於開發合適的合金

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能承受1000度的高溫和釷鹽的輻射

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10年之後,在2021 年

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甘肅武威釷基熔鹽堆試運行

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去年6月,該項目

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獲得國家核安全局頒發的商業運行許可證

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預計今年就能併網發電

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這座小型試驗型熔鹽反應爐是

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我國釷基熔鹽堆四步走發展戰略的第一步

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中國還將繼續建設10兆瓦

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和100兆瓦釷基熔鹽堆

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其實大力發展釷基熔鹽堆

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我國還有另一考慮

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現在的核電站主要用鈾235作燃料

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我國鈾礦資源比較稀缺

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但稀土資源儲量豐富

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稀土礦中富含大量的釷元素

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目前,我國已探明的釷儲量超過30萬噸

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僅次於印度,排名世界第二

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1984年諾貝爾物理學獎獲得者卡羅·盧比亞

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曾計算過

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按照目前的電能消耗來計算

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中國釷的儲量可保證未來兩萬年的發電供應

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可以這樣總結:

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第一,中國彎道超車

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在第4代核電釷基熔鹽反應堆的研發

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和應用全球領先

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除了將商業試運行釷基熔鹽堆核電站外

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正計劃建造全球首型、

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24000標準箱級核動力釷基熔鹽堆超巨型貨櫃船

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第二

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釷基熔鹽堆若可用在超巨型貨櫃船上

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也可以用在我國的核動力航母之上

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第三 能源關係到國計民生和國家安全

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由於我國釷礦存量世界第二

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全面發展釷基熔鹽堆核電站

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能夠保障我國能源安全

play12:00

另外,在「石榴台」時事快評節目

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我會談

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澳洲前總理莫里森反華出名

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在任期間搞砸對華關係,如今退出政壇

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聞說曾四出搵工

play12:13

歡迎訂戶到「石榴台」收看我的評論

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大家好

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「巴士的報」除了在YouTube有視頻之外

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在另一個平台

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「石榴台」也有視頻看

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有網友說想訂閱石榴台收看獨家內容

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但不知道如何網上訂閱

play12:30

我們特別安排客戶服務熱線

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如有關於訂閲或使用問題

play12:36

歡迎您聯絡我們

play12:38

您可以於香港辦公時間致電3610-3800

play12:44

或者發電郵給我們

play12:46

石榴台有很多獨家內容

play12:49

例如《十分鐘看中國》

play12:50

是其他媒體比較少談的中國新聞時事分析

play12:55

另外,石榴台獨家發布的

play12:57

陸羽仁「金融High Tea」財經節目

play12:59

已經推出咗文字版

play13:01

除可收睇視頻之外

play13:03

您還可以在「石榴台」閱讀陸羽仁的文字版

play13:07

石榴台歡迎全球觀眾訂閲

play13:10

在互聯網搜尋巴士的報

play13:12

到巴士的報網站

play13:14

便可以找到石榴台 希望你也

play13:16

支持巴士的報,訂閲石榴台

play13:19

多謝大家