Trận Ngọc Hồi - Đống Đa - Tóm tắt lịch sử Việt Nam - EZ Sử

Summary

This video discusses the historic battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa in 1789, a major victory of Đại Việt (Vietnam) against the Qing dynasty’s invasion. The battle occurred in a chaotic time when internal strife divided the country, with the Tây Sơn brothers leading a rebellion against the ruling powers. Quang Trung, one of the Tây Sơn leaders, decisively defeated the Qing forces in just six days, ensuring Vietnam's independence. The video highlights the strategies, the role of war elephants, and Quang Trung’s remarkable leadership in the fight to protect the nation.

Takeaways

• 💥 The Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa battle in 1789 was a decisive victory for Đại Việt over the Qing dynasty during a time of political chaos.
• 🔗 The Lê Trung Hưng dynasty existed in name only, with real power in Đàng Ngoài controlled by the Trịnh Lords, while Đàng Trong was under Nguyễn Lords.
• ⚔️ In 1771, the Tây Sơn brothers revolted against the Nguyễn Lords in Đàng Trong, eventually overthrowing them by 1783.
• 🏰 Nguyễn Huệ, one of the Tây Sơn brothers, successfully marched to the north to eliminate the Trịnh Lords in 1786, but later conflicts with Nguyễn Ánh forced him to focus on the south.
• 📜 The Qing dynasty intervened in 1788, supporting Lê Chiêu Thống's attempt to regain power, sending 290,000 troops into Đại Việt.
• 🎯 Nguyễn Huệ, later crowned Emperor Quang Trung, launched a surprise attack on the Qing army during Tết (Lunar New Year), defeating them within six days.
• 🐘 The Tây Sơn army, using war elephants and strategic ambushes, overwhelmed Qing forces in key battles such as Ngọc Hồi and Đống Đa.
• 🌊 Despite the Qing army's initial numerical advantage, their disorganization and underestimation of Quang Trung's tactics led to heavy losses.
• 🏅 The victory at Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa crushed Qing ambitions in Đại Việt and secured Vietnamese independence, marking a pivotal moment in the nation's history.
• 🕊️ After the battle, Quang Trung ordered respectful treatment of Qing prisoners and honored the fallen, reinforcing his legacy as a strategic and compassionate leader.

Q & A

What was the significance of the Battle of Ngọc Hồi – Đống Đa in 1789?

The Battle of Ngọc Hồi – Đống Đa in 1789 was significant because it marked the victory of the Tây Sơn army, led by Nguyễn Huệ (later known as Emperor Quang Trung), over the invading Qing forces, protecting Vietnam's independence and ending the political ambitions of the Lê dynasty.

What were the political conditions in Vietnam prior to the battle?

Before the battle, Vietnam was divided into two regions: Đàng Ngoài, ruled nominally by the Lê dynasty but effectively controlled by the Trịnh lords, and Đàng Trong, governed by the Nguyễn lords. The Tây Sơn brothers, led by Nguyễn Nhạc, had risen against the Nguyễn lords in Đàng Trong, creating further instability.

Who were the Tây Sơn brothers, and what role did they play in Vietnamese history?

The Tây Sơn brothers—Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ—were leaders of the Tây Sơn rebellion, which began as an uprising against the Nguyễn lords in southern Vietnam. They later overthrew both the Nguyễn and Trịnh lords, unified the country, and defeated foreign invaders, such as the Qing dynasty, with Nguyễn Huệ becoming Emperor Quang Trung.

How did Nguyễn Huệ prepare for the campaign against the Qing army?

Nguyễn Huệ, after hearing about the Qing invasion, declared himself Emperor Quang Trung and quickly mobilized his troops. He conducted a ceremony at the Nam Giao altar, proclaimed his leadership, and led his army northward in a surprise attack during the Lunar New Year to defeat the Qing forces.

What led to the Qing army’s invasion of Vietnam?

The Qing army invaded Vietnam after Lê Chiêu Thống, the last emperor of the Lê dynasty, sought their support to restore his rule. He appealed to the Qing Emperor Qianlong, who sent a large army under Tôn Sĩ Nghị to reinstall him as the ruler of Vietnam.

What tactics did the Tây Sơn army use to defeat the Qing forces at Ngọc Hồi?

The Tây Sơn army, led by Quang Trung, used a combination of psychological warfare, surprise attacks, and tactical ingenuity. For example, they used large shields made of straw and mud to protect their soldiers from enemy fire, and coordinated a multi-pronged attack on different Qing outposts, including Ngọc Hồi and Đống Đa, to overwhelm the enemy.

What was the outcome of the battle for the Qing army and Lê Chiêu Thống?

The Qing army suffered a devastating defeat, with thousands of soldiers killed or captured. Tôn Sĩ Nghị, the Qing commander, fled back to China. Lê Chiêu Thống also fled into exile in China, ending his attempts to reclaim the throne of Vietnam.

How did the victory at Ngọc Hồi – Đống Đa impact the Tây Sơn dynasty?

The victory at Ngọc Hồi – Đống Đa solidified the Tây Sơn dynasty's control over Vietnam and marked the height of Nguyễn Huệ's power as Emperor Quang Trung. It also ended the threat of Qing invasion and secured Vietnam's independence.

What happened to the Qing prisoners after the battle?

After the battle, Emperor Quang Trung ordered the humane treatment of Qing prisoners, ensuring they were fed and cared for. He also held memorial services for the dead Qing soldiers, showing a level of magnanimity and respect towards his defeated enemies.

What was the significance of the 'Gò Đống Đa' in Vietnamese history?

The 'Gò Đống Đa' refers to the burial mounds created after the Battle of Đống Đa, where many Qing soldiers were buried. These mounds became a historical landmark commemorating the victory of the Tây Sơn army and a symbol of Vietnam’s resistance against foreign invaders.