How Xi Jinping Is Transforming China (For Better 👍 and for Worse 👎) - VisualPolitik EN
Summary
TLDRThis video from VisualPolitik explores Xi Jinping's re-election at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and his consolidation of power. It highlights Xi's achievements, such as the eradication of extreme poverty, infrastructure expansion, and advancements in China's space program and military. However, the video also discusses significant failures, including the zero-COVID policy, economic struggles, and rising tensions with neighboring countries. The video poses the question of whether Xi Jinping's leadership will continue to shape China's future positively or further strain its economy and international relations.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Xi Jinping secured a historic third term at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, gaining absolute control over Chinese politics.
- 👥 Xi replaced several top political figures with loyalists in the Politburo's Standing Committee, ending the era of plurality within the Communist Party.
- ⚖️ Xi Jinping's consolidation of power has been compared to Mao Zedong, with media describing the event as a 'Great Purge' of opposition factions within the party.
- 💸 One of Xi's major achievements is reducing extreme poverty in China, though the government's definition of poverty is criticized for setting low standards.
- 🚄 Under Xi's leadership, China has greatly expanded its infrastructure, including the addition of over 40,000 kilometers of high-speed rail and the construction of new airports.
- 🚀 China has made significant advancements in its space program, landing rovers on both the moon and Mars, and developing its own space station, the Tian Gong.
- 🛡 Xi Jinping has modernized China's military by reducing troop numbers, focusing on advanced technology, and tightening party control over the armed forces.
- 🧑⚖️ Xi established the National Security Commission, further centralizing power by personally overseeing matters of national security, economic, and ideological control.
- 🏘 China's economy faces challenges, including an unproductive infrastructure investment strategy, growing debt, and a severe real estate crisis with millions of empty homes.
- 😷 Xi's strict 'zero-COVID' policy has become a major failure, resulting in economic stagnation and ongoing lockdowns, contributing to rising unemployment and public discontent.
Q & A
What significant political event occurred during the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China?
-Xi Jinping was re-elected and secured a historic third term as the leader of China, marking a significant consolidation of power.
What changes did Xi Jinping make to the Politburo Standing Committee during the Congress?
-Four members of the Politburo Standing Committee were replaced by Xi Jinping's loyal followers, reducing factional plurality within the Communist Party.
Why do some media outlets refer to the 20th Congress as a 'Great Purge'?
-The term 'Great Purge' is used because Xi Jinping removed key figures from rival factions, such as Wang Yang and Li Keqiang from the Youth League faction, consolidating his power further.
What are Xi Jinping’s main achievements according to the Chinese government during his first two terms?
-His major achievements include eradicating extreme poverty (by Chinese standards), boosting infrastructure, advancing the space program, modernizing the military, and tightening national security.
How has China’s space program progressed under Xi Jinping?
-Under Xi Jinping, China has made significant strides in space exploration, including landing rovers on the moon and Mars, and constructing its own navigation system and space station.
What is the 'Military-Civil Fusion' strategy introduced by Xi Jinping?
-The 'Military-Civil Fusion' strategy involves leveraging civilian technologies for military purposes, with the goal of creating a more technologically advanced and modern military.
What is the National Security Commission and why is it important?
-The National Security Commission, chaired by Xi Jinping, was established to strengthen the Communist Party's control over national security and foreign policy, allowing Xi to make decisions unilaterally.
What impact has Xi Jinping's control over Hong Kong had on the region?
-Xi Jinping's control has led to the political and judicial subjugation of Hong Kong, curbing its freedoms and dissident activities, which has been a major nationalist victory for the regime.
What are some of the major failures of Xi Jinping's leadership?
-Major failures include the economic downturn, rising unemployment, the real estate crisis, growing national debt, and the unsuccessful 'zero-COVID' policy, which isolated China from the world.
How has China's foreign policy under Xi Jinping impacted its global relations?
-China’s aggressive foreign policy, including its stance on Taiwan and the South China Sea, has led to stronger military and economic alliances against China, especially with the U.S., isolating China diplomatically.
Outlines
📊 Xi Jinping Secures Third Term as Leader of China
Xi Jinping has secured a historic third term as the leader of China, solidifying his control over the Communist Party and China's political structure. During the 20th National Congress, Xi replaced key figures with loyalists, reshaping the Politburo Standing Committee and eliminating internal party factionalism. The consolidation of power marks the end of plurality within the Chinese government, with Xi firmly in control for the next five years.
🔄 The Great Purge and Its Impact on China's Leadership
Xi Jinping's consolidation of power has led to what is referred to as a 'Great Purge,' where key figures like Wang Yang and Li Keqiang, from the Youth League faction, were replaced by Xi’s loyalists. This shift eliminated significant political opposition within the Communist Party, particularly from factions like the Chuan Pie and Jing Jem factions. As a result, Xi now holds unchallenged power within the Chinese government, with no rivals to overshadow him.
📈 Xi Jinping's Achievements: Poverty Eradication and Economic Growth
Xi Jinping's tenure has seen significant achievements, including the eradication of extreme poverty, where the number of extremely poor citizens dropped from 82 million in 2012 to almost zero by 2021. Although the methods are criticized, China has seen marked improvements in urban and rural incomes, with rural income growing by 82%. Infrastructure projects, such as high-speed rail development, have also been major successes, fueling economic growth and job creation.
🚀 China’s Space Program and Military Reforms Under Xi
Xi Jinping has advanced China’s ambitions in space exploration, with successful missions to the moon and Mars, and the creation of China's own space station. In addition, Xi has reformed the military, modernizing it through technological advancements and tightening party control over the armed forces. The Civil-Military Fusion strategy has helped accelerate military development, positioning China as a more capable global military power.
🔐 Xi Jinping's National Security Measures and the Hong Kong Crackdown
Xi Jinping's leadership has been marked by the creation of the National Security Commission, which centralizes control over China's security apparatus under his authority. He has also overseen a major political crackdown on Hong Kong, ending its semi-autonomous status and bringing it under full control of the Communist Party. These moves highlight Xi's personalist approach to leadership, further consolidating his power and silencing dissidents.
📉 The Failures: Economic Slowdown and the COVID-19 Crisis
Despite his achievements, Xi Jinping faces significant failures, most notably his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. The strict zero-COVID policy has stifled China's economy, leading to lockdowns and disruptions. Economic growth has slowed, and unemployment, especially among young people, has risen. Additionally, Xi's massive public spending on unproductive infrastructure projects has led to mounting government debt, further exacerbating economic challenges.
🏢 Real Estate Bubble and Private Sector Struggles
China’s real estate bubble, fueled under Xi’s leadership, has led to severe financial risks, with millions of unoccupied homes and significant debt. The private sector has also struggled due to increasing Communist Party control over businesses. Wealthy tycoons have lost billions as investors flee, fearing Xi’s tightening grip on both the economy and politics, which has negatively impacted China’s international standing.
🌍 Geopolitical Failures and Growing International Isolation
Xi Jinping's aggressive foreign policies, including actions in the South China Sea and threats toward Taiwan, have resulted in China's increasing isolation. These moves have strengthened alliances between the U.S. and other countries in the region, such as through the Quad and AUKUS. China’s deteriorating relations with its neighbors and growing military competition have further strained its global position, creating challenges for Xi’s long-term strategy.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Xi Jinping
💡Communist Party of China
💡Politburo Standing Committee
💡Extreme Poverty Eradication
💡Infrastructure Development
💡Space Program
💡Military Modernization
💡COVID-19 Zero Policy
💡Hong Kong
💡Real Estate Crisis
Highlights
Xi Jinping secures historic third term as leader of China, consolidating absolute control over the Communist Party.
Xi Jinping's rise marks the end of political plurality in the Communist Party, with his loyalists filling key positions.
The removal of Wang Yang and Li Keqiang, key figures from the Communist Youth League faction, exemplifies Xi's power consolidation.
Xi Jinping's leadership style is being compared to that of Mao Zedong, with a focus on centralizing power.
Xi Jinping's anti-poverty efforts led to the claim of eradicating extreme poverty, though the income threshold used is low by global standards.
Urban household income in China grew by 66% and rural household income by 82% during Xi Jinping’s first 10 years in power.
Xi Jinping's government expanded China’s high-speed rail network by 330%, making it the largest in the world.
China under Xi Jinping has advanced its space program, landing rovers on the moon and Mars, and building its own space station.
Xi Jinping reformed China’s military, focusing on modernization and creating a more technologically advanced force.
The National Security Commission, chaired by Xi, increased the Communist Party’s control over national security and foreign policy.
Xi Jinping's crackdown on Hong Kong represents a significant win for his nationalist agenda but ended the city's political freedom.
Xi Jinping’s zero-COVID policy has been seen as a failure, economically isolating China and leading to ongoing lockdowns.
China’s economic growth has slowed under Xi, with high public spending and unproductive investments driving up debt.
China's real estate bubble, exacerbated under Xi Jinping’s leadership, poses significant risks to the nation’s economy.
Xi Jinping's aggressive foreign policies, particularly in the South China Sea, have isolated China and strengthened U.S.-led alliances in the region.
Transcripts
[Music]
in the end what many feared would happen
happened at the 20th National Congress
of the Communist Party of China Xi
Jinping was re-elected Xi Jinping
secures historic third term as leader of
China we are talking about one of the
events that will have the greatest
impact on the future of world
geopolitics the dictator Xi Jinping has
not only managed to hold on to power for
five more years but has also achieved
absolute control he has managed to
replace the top political power in China
with his most loyal followers taking
down many of the main representatives of
different factions of the Chinese
Communist Party along the way perhaps
the best illustration of this is what
happened with the standing committee of
the party's politburo the well-known
Group of Seven the central body that
governs the Communist party and by
extension all of China and which is
composed of seven of the 25 members of
The politburo Well of these seven
members in the latest Congress four
names have been replaced the other three
remaining that is Xi Jinping and two
other figures loyal to the leader have
stayed on and now four other members
also loyalty have joined plurality among
the various factions of the Chinese
government is now history
[Music]
among the four senior officials have
been replaced are Wang Yang and Lee kig
Yang two important figures of the Chuan
pie faction from the youth league a
faction to which former president hujin
Tao belongs and which does not get along
particularly well with XI jinping's one
group for this reason many media Outlets
speak of the recent Congress of the
Communist Party of China as a kind of
Great Purge a great assault on power of
a third faction of the party along with
the Chuan pie and the Jing Jem in
Shanghai gang we are speaking of course
about the newly created ji gang
and you know what all this means that
for at least the next five years no one
absolutely no one will overshadow Xi
Jinping
foreign
the relative plurality of the Chinese
Communist party has come to an end and
from now on the Chinese leader will have
more power than ever that is why Xi
Jinping is already known as the new Mao
but this whole story about the factions
of the Communist party and how Xi
Jinping has managed to take full control
of the party we've already covered all
of this recently on visualpolitik so if
you haven't subscribed don't wait any
longer do it right now and hit the
little bell button down there so you
don't miss any of our updates if you
really like what we do join our patreon
community besides contributing to the
growth of this project you can get a lot
of benefits such as the weekly snapshot
Latin politic and exclusive gifts I'll
leave you all the information in the
description below but having said that
in this video we want to put on the
bricks in order to answer two key
questions what have been XI jinping's
greatest achievements and greatest
failures during his last 10 years at the
helm of China and perhaps the most
important question of all has the Xi
Jinping era been good for China becoming
a superpower those of you who usually
follow us here on visualpolitik May
already have a clear idea but just in
case keep watching this video let's get
cracking
the Chinese dreams achieved
[Music]
let's start if you like with the most
positive achievements the brightest
aspect of the government of the man who
seems to Aspire to become the Mao Zedong
of the 21st century because yes since Xi
Jinping took the hell of the People's
Republic of China and despite his
increasing level of authoritarianism the
recently re-elected Undisputed leader
does have some successes to bring to the
table okay some may not be strictly
attributable to Xi Jinping and others
can only be defined as such from
beijing's point of view an example of
the former is precisely the issue of
extreme poverty or rather with the
eradication of extreme poverty which is
one of the great goals that the Chinese
leader is aiming for you see back when
Xi Jinping came to power in 2012 it was
estimated that some 82 million Chinese
something like the entire population of
Germany were extremely poor however in
2021 we came across news headlines like
this China's XI declares victory in
ending extreme Poverty of course we are
talking about dictatorship and all
dictatorships love making stuff up in
the case of china though the problem is
that according to Chinese government
scales you only need to have an income
of more than 620 a year to escape the
statistics of extreme poverty but aside
from these Minor Details the
indisputable reality is that during the
first 10 years of Xi Jinping the income
of the Chinese did continue to increase
and so the average disposable income per
Urban household grew by 66 between 2003
and 2020. and in the case of rural
households the Improvement was 82 in
other words it almost doubled in less
than 10 years in fact improving living
conditions in rural China has been one
of the Chinese Leader's main objective
since he became president of the country
perhaps it has something to do with the
fact that during his adolescence
following his father being purged from
the party he himself endured what it
means to be poor in rural China
but then again maybe we could say that
instead of thanks to ji it was in spite
of ji the trade War the war on
technology the debt Hong Kong we've
already told you about these things many
times be that as it may there's also the
data and of course that's not the end of
it here is another of his major goals
check this out China's she urges all-out
infrastructure push to boost growth yes
one of ji jinping's great obsessions has
been to fill the country with
infrastructure of all kinds partly to
try to breathe life into an economy that
has been slowing down little by little
let's say that from the Chinese
government's perspective the more
construction of infrastructure is the
best way to fuel economic growth and the
creation of thousands of jobs
and that is why when the Great crisis of
2008 broke out the Chinese government
started building infrastructure in a
frenzy and the results are in plain view
under Xi Jinping the number of
kilometers of high-speed Railways has
increased by 330 to more than 40 000
kilometers just under 25 000 miles no
other country in the world comes even
close to this figure so much for Elon
Musk and his hyper Loop and this is just
one example another would be the 82
civilian airports that have been built
throughout China
of course it's not also Rosie you will
see why I say this later on but for now
let's keep going we can identify four
other key projects where XI jinping's
influence has been even greater one of
them is the space program
throughout this decade China has been
rapidly catching up with the two great
space Powers the United States and
Russia for example the Asian giant has
succeeded in sending Astro mobiles to
both the moon and Mars and that is a
giant step forward China becomes only
second nation in history to land a Rover
on Mars China makes historic landing on
Dark Side of the Moon the Chinese
spacecraft is the first to ever land on
this unexplored area in fact one of XI
jinping's great promises is that China
will achieve the space dream that is
that by 2045 it will become the great
world leader in the galactic exploration
even ahead of the United States in order
to achieve this what do you think he is
doing well naturally increasing the
budget of the cnsa the Chinese NASA to
nearly 10 billion dollars a year but
they are still far behind NASA but not
so much anymore especially when we take
into account the price difference
be that isn't me the fact is that thanks
to all this investment in 2020 China
completed the launch of satellites with
which it has its own navigation service
and therefore does not have to rely on
American GPS and not only that it is
also building its first permanent lows
orbit space station the Tian gong which
will be used for both scientific
experiments and autonomous space flight
among other things
there was no doubt about it the Chinese
space program has received a big Boost
from Xi Jinping but let's continue
another field in which this President
can point to several successes at least
from the Chinese point of view is the
military field why well because Xi
Jinping has pushed for a major reform of
both the armed forces and the National
Security apparatus itself let me explain
true to his vision the Chinese president
has managed to get the party that is
himself to control the Armed Forces much
more tightly he did the same thing that
he has now done with the Group of Seven
he forced people loyal to him to sit on
the central military Commission of
course that's not all he's done China's
armed forces were completely Obsolete
and XI has set out to bring them up to
date
[Music]
and so in the last 10 years the Chinese
government has carried out a profound
process of change and modernization of
the Armed Forces for example it's
promoted the Civil military Fusion
strategy or mcf that is an aggressive
strategy aimed at enabling China to have
a technology advanced military as soon
as possible this has meant that Chinese
companies have had to contribute to this
process by various methods such as
purchasing and adapting Technologies for
civilian use in the military field and
this explains why the United States and
many other countries are restricting
exports to China of lots of
technologically advanced products
in this vein in 2015 the reduction of
the army by 300 000 men was announced
because the important thing now is not
to have the largest army but the best
equipped and trained Beijing knows this
and is set to work it has also greatly
improved integration between the various
branches of the Armed Forces the result
generally speaking is that military
experts and analysts believe that
China's Armed Forces today are far more
capable and operational than they were a
decade ago and that without XI jinping's
technological drive and reforms that is
perhaps something that would have never
been achieved although we are not going
to get into the details of this topic
here because we already told you about
this in a past video that will link for
you in the description below
then in terms of security at least its
own security we could say that another
major achievement was the creation of
the National Security Commission of the
Communist Party of China founded in
November 2013. a commission that
surprise surprise is chaired by Xi
Jinping himself don't let anyone say
later that this guy's leadership is not
personalistic to the max in China Xi
Jinping is beginning to seem omnipresent
omnipotent and omniscient this is clear
that he has studied the manual of the
good autocrat thoroughly well this
commission is basically in charge of
tightening the party's control of
National Security and foreign policy
matters including economic social
cultural and of course ideological
matters to clarify the main implication
of this new body is that it is now
directly Xi Jinping who decides without
any interference what exactly is a
threat to National Security what has to
be pursued by the state's repressive
apparatus and what has to be punished
with such harsher penalties by the
Chinese courts another question I'm sure
you're wondering is why on Earth is this
an achievement well let's say that this
case is a little different here we are
talking about a Personal Achievement of
a guy who has managed to take over all
the the levers of power and of course
with such control as fingertips let's
see who is brave enough to dare to
challenge him exactly there's no one but
obviously we could not end this section
without mentioning The Assault on Hong
Kong
[Music]
the political and judicial assault on
the former British colony has been one
of the most significant events in
Chinese politics in recent decades what
until then had been one of the freest
cities in the world is now under the
full control of the Chinese Communist
party this is meant not only an
important win for XI jinping's
nationalist discourse but also the end
of one of the main centers of dissidents
and criticism of the regime worldwide
[Music]
but this is as far as it goes whether we
like them more or less there are the
five wins the five achievements that
allow Xi Jinping to boast about his
management of his own people yes moves
like the Hong Kong takeover may be bad
for China in the long run but so what
the important thing was to go into this
20th congress with the ability to be
re-elected and that's exactly what
happened however that's not the whole
story along with these relative
achievements and political wins we can
also highlight six major failures that
in addition will make this third term in
office very difficult check this out
[Music]
the major cracks in the Empire
obviously we cannot talk about major
failures without talking about covet for
a long time the Chinese government
itself sold its management of the
pandemic as a success but over time the
reality has turned out to be very
different we're not going to assess
whether or not the government acted fast
enough to contain the pandemic I think
we already have a rough idea about
whether or not they did that the point
is that the covert zero policy one of XI
jinping's big bets has proven to be a
great failure
[Music]
the kovic zero policy continues to
China and keeps it largely
disconnected from the rest of the world
with all the economic and social damage
that that implies yet despite this its
results are a resounding failure the
covert zero policy may have reduced the
number of infections and deaths in China
but it has not achieved its main
objective to eradicate the virus far
from it this strategy is perpetuating
the problem confinements and restrictive
measures continue almost three years
after the pandemic first broke out
this explains why we can still find news
stories like this one China locks down
part of Wuhan nearly three years after
the first coveted case emerged more than
800 000 people locked down in the site
of world's first covet outbreak in 2019
as other Chinese cities seal up streets
and homes seeing is believing of course
don't think that this endeavor is coming
for free
foreign
policy is accelerating the economic
crisis that the country is beginning to
experience economic growth in China has
plummeted and unemployment rates are
soaring among young people to the extent
that many University students prefer not
to finish their studies for fear of not
finding a job and becoming unemployed in
fact the poorer performance of the
economy is another of XI jinping's major
burden since the current Chinese leader
became to power both the growth and the
Very dynamism of the Chinese economy
have been fading and this is despite the
fact that the government has made a
Titanic effort to make things develop in
a different way do you remember for
example what we were saying a moment ago
about infrastructure well in spite of
having improved Communications and
territorial structuring the truth is
that public spending stimulus policies
have caused the various levels of the
Chinese government to spend a lot of
money on investments that they did not
need and of course are not productive at
all this graph that you see on the
screen is crucial in it you can see how
economic growth has evolved and how also
how the so-called incremental capacity
output ratio this ratio tells us how
much additional investment is needed to
grow domestic production as you can see
since 2008 it has not stopped increasing
and under XI jinping's mandate is
practicing multiplied by two in other
words more and more investment is being
made to increase production this is
basically because Chinese investment is
very unproductive do you remember all
those high-speed train lanes and
highways we mentioned before well the
vast majority of them are not productive
at all but what they have done instead
is defeat a huge mountain of debt
because don't forget it doesn't matter
whether we are talking about a socialist
country a company or a family money
never grows on trees and all public
spending has to be financed one way or
another and naturally if you invest in
projects that have no returns if you are
a company you go bankrupt and if you're
a government then you are left with a
huge pile of debt but I know what you're
thinking let's see Grant if we look at
the statistics on Chinese government
debt things seem to be under control it
hasn't grown that much right well guess
what you are partly right the problem is
that we are talking about a country
addicted to made-up accounting and that
you are not taking things like this into
account China's state-owned companies
encumbered by world's biggest corporate
debt pile of course the public
investment bubble is not the only bubble
China is suffering from in fact it's not
even the most worrying one as we've
already told you here on visual politic
the real estate crisis promises to be
much worse
ji Jinping fueled a huge real estate
bubble that he has failed to manage and
that now risks wreaking real havoc on
the account of the government Banks and
Chinese families China's property crisis
is fueling record loss in Bea debt
almost nine percent of Bank of East Asia
limiteds loans to Chinese property
developers were likely impaired as of
the end of June 30th that outstrips
three to six percent for major Chinese
peers to give you an idea some estimates
suggests that today we can find more
than 120 million empty homes throughout
China and that's not the end of it
another of XI jinping's economic pillars
particularly in recent years has been to
increase the Communist party's control
over Chinese Enterprises the result the
public sector keeps growing and the
private sector is on the ropes you'll
believe me take a look at this
[Music]
and considering how poorly the public
sector is performing in China this is
not bored well and guess what the
markets know it China's richest tycoons
lost more than 35 billion dollars in the
market sell-off that followed XI
jinping's Titan and grip on the
government
shiners Yuan tumbled on Tuesday to its
lowest level in nearly 15 years as
investors fled Chinese assets amid fears
about XI jinping's dramatic move to
tighten his grip on power but remember
we are not only talking about the
economy and international politics
Fiasco's also outnumber successes in
recent years beijing's increasingly
belligerent agenda has led to frankly
poor results for example China did not
even manage to persuade South Korea not
to install the U.S thaad anti-missile
Shield whose powerful Radars according
to the Chinese themselves can monitor
military movements hundreds of
kilometers away and this is just one
example because the truth is we can find
many more
[Music]
foreign
policies regarding the South China Sea
Islands his constant threats and
harassments of Taiwan and his military
escalation have promoted the emergence
of strong anti-chinese military and
economic alliances these alliances have
a clear protagonist the United States we
are talking for example about orcas quad
cptpp or the recent indo-pacific
economic framework contrary to what
Beijing thought its agenda has
strengthened Washington's role in the
region and is leading its neighbors to
invest much more in their own Armed
Forces
of course a more isolated China at odds
with its neighbors is bad news for both
China itself and the rest of the world
but basically barring a last minute
swerve this is what we can expect after
the 20th Congress of the Chinese
Communist party as you can see Xi
Jinping has some successes but his major
failures are putting the once thriving
Chinese model on the ropes but at this
point it's over to you will Xi Jinping
become the new Mao capable of
controlling both the Chinese society and
the Chinese economy with an iron fist a
XI jingping a good leader for China
leave us your thoughts in the comments
below and let's open up a respectful
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the best and I'll see you next time
foreign
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