강추위에 덜덜 떠는 전기차, 급속 충전기는 어디에? (2024.01.25/뉴스데스크/MBC)
Summary
TLDRAs extreme cold grips Korea, electric vehicles are struggling with faster battery drainage and longer charging times. Researchers found battery capacity and charge/discharge times dropped 70% at -20°C. With fewer fast chargers per EV in Korea than the US and China, drivers are finding all stations occupied during cold snaps. As climate change brings more unexpected freezes, fast chargers are crucial to avoid stranded EVs. Korea must strategically invest in more fast charging stations to support the global EV transition and prepare for extreme weather.
Takeaways
- 😢 Extreme cold weather is causing issues for electric vehicles like faster battery drain and longer charging times.
- 😱 Batteries lose up to 70% of their capacity and take twice as long to charge in -15°C temperatures.
- 😠 Drivers need to charge EVs twice as often in cold weather.
- 🚘 There is a shortage of fast chargers compared to slow chargers at charging stations.
- 😫 Major cities like Seoul have high EV to fast charger ratios, indicating shortage.
- 😨 Faster chargers are critical to avoid being stranded in extreme cold.
- 😰 Texas froze when arctic air collapsed the polar vortex, trapping EVs.
- 😡 Global warming brings more unpredictable cold snaps.
- ❄️ Cold weather cripples EVs so more fast chargers are urgently needed.
- 😤 Government support and strategic investment in more chargers is critical for EV growth.
Q & A
Why are electric cars struggling in the cold weather?
-In cold temperatures, electric car batteries lose power more quickly, take longer to charge, and have reduced range. This is because the electrolytes in the batteries solidify in the cold, preventing ions from moving smoothly between the electrodes.
How much did the test battery capacity and charge/discharge times decrease at -20°C?
-The cylindrical batteries used in imported electric cars saw capacity and charge/discharge times decrease to around 70% at -20°C in the experiment.
What happens to lithium-ion mobility in cold temperatures?
-Lithium ions cannot move smoothly between the positive and negative electrodes when it is cold, reducing battery performance.
How does the cold weather affect electric car drivers?
-Drivers often need to charge their cars twice as often and spend more time charging in cold temperatures.
Why are fast chargers important in extreme cold?
-Fast chargers are critical for drivers with low batteries in frigid temperatures, as regular chargers take too long when battery performance is reduced.
How does the ratio of electric cars to fast chargers compare internationally?
-Korea has around 10% fast chargers, lower than the US (22%) and China (40%). Higher ratios indicate insufficient chargers.
What happened to electric cars during the Texas freeze?
-Many electric cars lost power and were stranded. Charging stations became jammed as drivers desperately needed to recharge.
Why could extreme cold spells become more common?
-Global warming can increase weather variability, leading to more unexpected and intense cold snaps.
Why should Korea expand its fast charging network?
-More fast chargers are needed to prepare for extreme weather and support growing electric vehicle adoption.
What needs to be done to support more electric cars?
-Strategic investment and policies by the government to rapidly expand the fast charging network are urgent.
Outlines
😨 Cold weather impacts electric car performance
Paragraph 1 discusses how cold weather negatively impacts electric car battery life and charging time. Electric cars take much longer to charge and drain faster in extreme cold. Lack of fast charging stations exacerbates the problem.
🥶 Experiments show batteries lose capacity in cold
Paragraph 2 describes experiments showing lithium-ion batteries rapidly losing capacity when exposed to -20°C temperatures. Cylindrical batteries like those in imported electric cars dropped to 70% capacity.
😫 Drivers confirm need for more charging
Paragraph 3 has interviews with electric car drivers confirming they need to charge more frequently in winter. Some need to stop driving to find a charging station.
⛽️ Fast chargers in high demand
Paragraph 4 points out fast chargers are in high demand as cars discharge on the road, while slow chargers sit empty. South Korea has far fewer fast chargers per car than the U.S. and China.
❄️ Lack of chargers worsens extreme cold
Paragraph 5 gives an example of charger shortage worsening an extreme cold snap in Texas. As jet stream collapsed, frozen electric cars piled up with no charging available.
🥶 More extreme cold expected globally
Paragraph 6 notes extreme cold is not just a U.S. issue. Experts expect more severe and unexpected cold due to climate change variability.
⚡️ Rapid expansion of chargers needed
Paragraph 7 concludes that fast charger expansion is urgently needed to prepare for extreme weather and support electric vehicle growth.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡electric cars
💡battery performance
💡rapid chargers
💡range anxiety
💡polar vortex
💡lithium-ion batteries
💡battery chemistry
💡climate change
💡charging infrastructure
💡energy density
Highlights
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Transcripts
-(앵커) 요즘 강추위가 이어지면서 전기차가 떨고 있습니다.
방전도 빨리 되고 충전 시간도 오래 걸리는거죠.
전 지구적인 현상입니다.
배터리 기술이 앞으로 더 나아지면 좋겠지만 당장 이럴 때 필요한 것은 바로
급속 충전기인데요.
우리나라는 이 급속 충전기가 많이 부족합니다.
기후환경팀, 현인아 기자가 취재했습니다.
-(기자) 영하 15도 안팎의 강추위에 전기차들이 충전소에 몰렸습니다.
충전 시간이 평소보다 2배 이상 걸리는 것으로 나옵니다.
-(인터뷰) 제조사에 따르면 18분 이렇게걸리는데 지금은 한 40분 이상 걸린다고
봅니다.
-(기자) 강추위에 전기차 배터리 성능이 얼마나 떨어지는지 실험해 봤습니다.
연구진이 직접 제작한 배터리를 영하 20도 냉동고에 넣자 배터리 성능이 급격히
떨어집니다.
수입 전기차에 쓰이는 원통형 배터리는 용량과 충전, 방전 시간이 70% 수준까지
떨어졌습니다.
실제로 전기차에 장착할 때는 배터리 여러 개를 모듈로 만들고 보온 장치를 달지만
그래도 한계가 있습니다.
-(인터뷰) 전해질이 온도가 내려가게 되면 고체화가 된다든지 슬러시처럼 변하는
현상이 생기게 되는데요.
리튬 이온이 원활하게 양극과 음극 사이로 이동할 수가 없기 때문에.
-(기자) 전기차 운전자들은 강추위에는 한 번 충전하던 전기차를 두 번씩 충전해야
한다고 말합니다.
-(인터뷰) 겨울이 많이 좀 불편하죠.
택시 운행하다 보면 계속 손님을 받고운행을 하고 싶은데 충전을 해야 해서 못
하고 충전소 들어가야 하는 경우들이 종종 생기죠.
-(기자) 눈여겨봐야 할 점은 이동 중 배터리가 떨어진 운전자들은 급속 충전기를
찾을 수밖에 없다는 겁니다.
같은 충전소의 완속 충전기는 거의 비어있습니다.
충전기 한 대당 전기차 대수를 차충비라고 말합니다.
차충비가 높을수록 충전기가 부족하다는뜻인데요.
급속 충전기의 경우 전국 평균은 19대 정도입니다.
특히 서울과 인천, 부산은 급속 충전기 1대당 전기차 대수가 26대에서 34대로 훨씬
많습니다.
-(인터뷰) 미국 같은 경우는 22%, 중국 같은 경우는 40%가 급속 충전기입니다.
그런데 우리나라는 급속 충전기가 전체 충전기 중에서 대략 한 10% 내외에 머물고
있다라는 거죠.
-(기자) 극한 한파시 급속 충전기가 없다면큰 문제가 생길 수 있습니다.
미국은 성층권 제트기류가 붕괴하면서 역대급 북극 한파가 텍사스주까지
밀어닥쳤습니다.
곳곳에서 전기차가 방전되며 멈췄고 밀려든전기차로 충전소 주변은 전기차의 무덤이
됐습니다.
영하 20도 이하의 극저온 한파는 미국만의 문제가 아닙니다.
-(인터뷰) 지구 온난화가 만들어내는 현상 중 하나가 변동성이 커지는 겁니다.
그러다 보니까 예상치 못한 한파들 혹은 더강한 한파들이 발생할 것으로 예상됩니다.
-(기자) 만일의 사태에 대비해서라도 급속 충전기를 서둘러 확충해야 하는
이유입니다.
충전소 부족이 세계적 추세인 전기차 확대에 걸림돌이 되지 않도록 정부와
지자체의 전략적 투자와 지원책 마련이 시급해 보입니다.
MBC 뉴스 현인아입니다.
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