A2 - Lesson 34 | Wechselpräpositionen | Two way prepositions | German for beginners

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5 Jan 201913:08

Summary

TLDRThis German language video tutorial focuses on 'Wechselpräpositionen', or variable prepositions, which can take either the accusative or dative case depending on their use. The video explains the difference between 'wo' (where) and 'wohin' (where to), illustrating how they indicate position or direction. It then covers various prepositions like 'an', 'auf', 'hinter', 'über', 'neben', 'unter', 'vor', and 'zwischen', providing examples for each to clarify when to use the accusative or dative case. The tutorial is designed to help learners understand and correctly use these prepositions in different contexts.

Takeaways

😀 Wechselpräpositionen are local prepositions that can be used with both accusative and dative cases depending on the context.
📍 'Wo' and 'wohin' are used to ask 'where' or 'whither', with 'wo' indicating a position or location and 'wohin' indicating an action or direction.
🔄 The prepositions 'an', 'auf', 'hinter', 'neben', 'über', 'unter', 'vor', and 'zwischen' are examples of Wechselpräpositionen.
🏠 'An' is used with the dative case when indicating a position and with the accusative case when indicating movement towards something.
📚 'Auf' is used with the accusative when there is movement towards a surface and with the dative when something is already on a surface.
🐱 'Hinter' is used with the accusative to indicate movement towards the back of something and with the dative to indicate a stationary position behind something.
💧 'Über' is used with the accusative when something is placed above something else, indicating movement, and with the dative for a stationary position above without contact.
🎾 'Neben' is used with the accusative when indicating movement next to something and with the dative for a stationary position next to something without contact.
🏐 'Unter' is used with the accusative when something is moving under something and with the dative for a stationary position under something.
🚗 'Vor' is used with the accusative when indicating movement in front of something and with the dative for a stationary position in front of something.
🥛 'Zwischen' is used with the accusative when indicating something is placed between two items, and the article changes accordingly depending on the case.

Q & A

What are 'Wechselpräpositionen'?
-Wechselpräpositionen are local prepositions that can sometimes be used with the accusative case and sometimes with the dative case because they indicate location.
Why do 'Wechselpräpositionen' change their cases?
-They change cases depending on whether they are indicating a movement (accusative) or a stationary position (dative).
What is the difference between 'wo' and 'wohin'?
-'Wo' indicates a position or location, while 'wohin' indicates an action or direction towards a point.
Can you provide an example of using 'an' with accusative?
-In the sentence 'Sie hängt das Bild an die Wand', 'an' is used with the accusative because it indicates the direction of the action.
How is 'an' used with dative?
-In the sentence 'Das Bild hängt an der Wand', 'an' is used with the dative because it indicates the position of the picture on the wall.
What are the rules for using 'an' with masculine nouns?
-With masculine nouns, 'an' is used as 'an den' in the accusative and 'an dem' in the dative.
What is the difference between 'auf' when indicating movement versus position?
-When indicating movement, 'auf' is used with the accusative (e.g., 'Sie stellt die Flasche auf den Tisch'). When indicating a position, 'auf' is used with the dative (e.g., 'Die Flasche steht auf dem Tisch').
Can you give an example of using 'hinter' with accusative?
-In the sentence 'Die Katze läuft hinter den Baum', 'hinter' is used with the accusative because it indicates the direction of the cat's movement.
How do you use 'hinter' with dative to indicate position?
-In the sentence 'Die Katze steht hinter dem Baum', 'hinter' is used with the dative because it indicates the stationary position of the cat relative to the tree.
What is the rule for using 'über' with accusative and dative?
-With 'über', if there is contact with the object, it is used with the dative (e.g., 'Die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch'). If there is no contact, it is used with the accusative (e.g., 'Er hängt die Lampe über den Tisch').
Can you explain the usage of 'neben' with accusative and dative?
-With 'neben', if there is contact, it is used with the dative (e.g., 'Sie parkt ihr Auto neben dem blauen Auto'). If there is no contact, it is used with the accusative.
What is the last 'Wechselpräposition' covered in the script?
-The last 'Wechselpräposition' covered is 'zwischen', which is used to indicate something is in between two objects.
How can one get more practice with 'Wechselpräpositionen'?
-One can download free world scripts or visit the provided website in the video description for more practice.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Variable Prepositions

This paragraph introduces the concept of variable prepositions in German, which are local prepositions that can be used with either the accusative or dative case depending on the context. The paragraph explains that these prepositions are used to indicate location or direction and provides examples of how they change based on whether they are asking 'where' or 'whither'. It lists the variable prepositions: an, auf, hinter, neben, über, unter, and zwischen, and begins with the preposition 'an', giving examples of its use with both accusative and dative cases.

05:07

📘 Exploring the Use of 'auf' and 'hinter'

The second paragraph continues the discussion on variable prepositions, focusing on 'auf' and 'hinter'. It provides examples to illustrate the difference between when to use the accusative case and when to use the dative case with these prepositions. The paragraph explains that 'auf' is used with the accusative when there is movement towards a surface, but with the dative when indicating a position on a surface. Similarly, 'hinter' is used with the accusative to indicate movement behind something, and with the dative to denote a stationary position behind an object.

10:08

📙 Delving into 'über', 'unter', 'vor', and 'zwischen'

The final paragraph covers the remaining variable prepositions: 'über', 'unter', 'vor', and 'zwischen'. It explains the use of these prepositions with both the accusative and dative cases, providing examples for each. The paragraph clarifies that 'über' is used with the accusative for actions happening over something and with the dative for a position above something without contact. 'Unter' is used with the accusative for actions under something and with the dative for a position underneath. 'Vor' is used with the accusative for movement towards the front of something and with the dative for a position in front. Lastly, 'zwischen' is used with the accusative to indicate placement between two items. The paragraph concludes with a mention of additional resources available for further study.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Wechselpräpositionen

Wechselpräpositionen, or two-way prepositions, are prepositions in German that can take either the accusative or dative case, depending on whether there is movement or location involved. The video explains this concept in detail, showing how these prepositions function in sentences like 'wohin' (movement, accusative) and 'wo' (location, dative). Examples include 'auf' (on) and 'an' (at).

💡Akkusativ

Akkusativ refers to the accusative case in German grammar, used when there is an action or movement directed towards an object. In the video, it is used with Wechselpräpositionen to show movement, such as in the sentence 'Sie hängt das Bild an die Wand' (She hangs the picture on the wall). The use of 'die Wand' in the accusative reflects the movement toward a destination.

💡Dativ

Dativ is the dative case in German, used to indicate location or the position of an object when there is no movement. The video contrasts this with the accusative case, using examples like 'Das Bild hängt an der Wand' (The picture is hanging on the wall), where 'der Wand' is in the dative because the picture is already in a static position.

💡Wo

'Wo' is the German word for 'where,' used to ask about the location of something that is stationary. In the video, 'wo' triggers the use of the dative case. For example, in 'Wo hängt das Bild?' (Where is the picture hanging?), the focus is on the location, hence the dative is used ('an der Wand').

💡Wohin

'Wohin' means 'where to' in German, and it is used to ask about the direction or destination of movement. The video explains that 'wohin' is associated with the accusative case, as in 'Wohin hängt sie das Bild?' (Where is she hanging the picture?), since there is movement involved.

💡Lokale Präpositionen

Lokale Präpositionen are local prepositions in German that describe spatial relationships, such as where something is or where it is going. The video lists Wechselpräpositionen like 'auf' (on), 'hinter' (behind), and 'unter' (under) as examples of local prepositions, showing their use with both accusative and dative cases depending on whether they describe movement or position.

💡Bewegung

Bewegung, or movement, is a key concept in understanding when to use the accusative case with Wechselpräpositionen. The video provides several examples of how the presence of movement, such as in 'Sie stellt die Flasche auf den Tisch' (She places the bottle on the table), requires the use of the accusative case ('den Tisch').

💡Position

Position refers to the static location of an object, which determines the use of the dative case with Wechselpräpositionen. In the video, examples like 'Die Flasche steht auf dem Tisch' (The bottle is on the table) illustrate the use of the dative case ('dem Tisch') when the object remains in a fixed position.

💡Kontakt

Kontakt, or contact, is a nuanced aspect of some Wechselpräpositionen like 'auf' (on) and 'über' (above). In the video, it is explained that 'auf' implies direct contact between objects, as in 'auf den Tisch' (on the table), while 'über' (above) does not require physical contact, as seen in 'Die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch' (The lamp is hanging above the table).

💡Liste der Artikel

The 'Liste der Artikel' refers to the list of articles that change according to case (accusative or dative) and gender (masculine, feminine, neutral, plural) in German. The video shows how these articles are used with Wechselpräpositionen, such as 'den Tisch' (accusative, masculine) and 'dem Tisch' (dative, masculine), helping learners understand how to apply them correctly in sentences.

Highlights

Introduction to variable prepositions in German

Definition of variable prepositions and their function

Explanation of how variable prepositions can stand with accusative or dative cases

The difference between 'wo' and 'wohin' in terms of position and action

Example sentences to illustrate the use of 'wo' and 'wohin'

List of variable prepositions: an, auf, hinter, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen

Detailed explanation of the use of 'an' with accusative and dative cases

Examples demonstrating the use of 'an' in different contexts

Explanation of the use of 'auf' with positive and negative articles

Examples showing the difference between 'auf' with accusative and dative cases

Clarification on the use of 'hinter' with accusative and dative cases

Examples of 'hinter' in sentences to show its usage

Explanation of 'und' as a preposition that indicates togetherness

Examples of 'über' used with contact and without contact

Detailed usage of 'über' with accusative and dative cases

Explanation of 'neben' and its difference from 'an' in terms of contact

Examples of 'neben' in sentences

Usage of 'unter' with accusative and dative cases explained

Examples showing the use of 'unter' in different contexts

Explanation of 'vor' with movement and position

Examples of 'vor' used with accusative and dative cases

Usage of 'zwischen' to indicate a position between two objects

Examples of 'zwischen' with accusative and dative cases

Final summary and invitation to download free world page for more information