【Environmental Management】Overview of Japan's Experience in Waste Management

Summary

日本は戦後の廃棄物管理の課題に対処するため、法制度を整備し、全国政府、地方自治体、民間部門、市民の協力を強化しました。感染症の蔓延を防ぐため、廃棄物収集技術を導入し、廃棄物の機械化を進めました。特に1960年代から70年代の経済成長期には廃棄物の増加が問題となり、焼却処理や法改正により対策を講じました。1990年代にはダイオキシン問題や不法投棄が社会問題となり、法制度の強化が進められました。2000年代以降は3R（リデュース、リユース、リサイクル）の推進に重点を置き、持続可能な社会の実現を目指しています。

Takeaways

• 🏛️ 戦後、日本は関連する法制度を整備し、国、地方、民間セクター、市民間の協力を強化し、適切な廃棄物技術を導入して、健全な物質循環社会を確立しました。
• 🦟 第二次世界大戦終了前、日本は海外から持ち込まれたコレラやペストなどの感染症に苦しみました。廃棄物の集積地点がこれらの病気を媒介するハエや蚊の発生源となりました。
• 🚮 戦後、都市部での廃棄物の増加に対応するため、廃棄物管理が改善されました。当初は手押し車で廃棄物を収集していましたが、後にモーター車両での収集に移行しました。
• 📜 1954年、公衆衛生を改善するために公衆清掃法が制定されました。これは、1900年に制定された廃棄物清掃法が社会条件に合わなくなったためです。
• 🚛 廃棄物収集の機械化が進められ、都市部の生活環境が改善されました。家庭ごとのドア・トゥ・ドアの収集が導入されました。
• 🔥 1970年代、日本は急速な経済成長と共に廃棄物の量と種類が増加しました。これに対応するため、焼却処理が推進されました。
• 💡 1990年代、ダイオキシンの健康への影響が懸念され、廃棄物焼却施設の運営に対する強い反対がありました。これにより、焼却技術の改善が進められました。
• 📝 1991年、廃棄物管理と公衆清掃法が改正され、廃棄物排出の制限、適切な分類、貯蔵、収集、リサイクル、処分が明確に定義されました。
• ♻️ 2000年代には、廃棄物の削減、再利用、リサイクルを推進するための様々な法律が制定され、健全な物質循環社会の構築が目指されました。
• 🌎 日本は、法制度と技術の進歩を活用して、廃棄物管理システムを発展させ、社会の変化に対応してきました。

Q & A

第二次世界大戦前の日本での廃棄物管理の状況はどうでしたか？

第二次世界大戦前、日本は海外から持ち込まれたコレラやペストなどの感染症が流行し、廃棄物収集ポイントがこれらの病気を運ぶハエや蚊の発生源となっていました。このため、公衆衛生と生活環境の改善に重点が置かれました。

戦後の日本で廃棄物管理が改善された背景は何ですか？

戦後、日本は復興プログラムを支援するための改革を実施し、都市部に人口が集中しました。これに伴う廃棄物の増加に対処するため、廃棄物管理の改善が必要となりました。

1954年に制定された公衆衛生法の目的は何ですか？

公衆衛生法の目的は、公衆衛生を改善し、衛生的な廃棄物処理を通じて生活環境の清潔さを確保することです。

1960年代と70年代の急速な経済成長が廃棄物問題に与えた影響は何ですか？

急速な経済成長により、家電製品の普及や消費行動の変化が起こり、廃棄物の量と種類が急増しました。また、土地埋め立て容量の不足が大きな問題となりました。

1970年に制定された廃棄物管理および公衆衛生法の主な条項は何ですか？

この法律は、廃棄物の分類を明確にし、廃棄物管理のための基本的なシステムを確立しました。産業廃棄物と一般廃棄物を区別し、それぞれの廃棄責任を明確に定義しました。

1991年の廃棄物管理および公衆衛生法の改正の主な点は何ですか？

改正法は、廃棄物排出の制限、適切な分別、収集、輸送、リサイクル、処分を明確にし、産業廃棄物を生成する事業者の責任を強調し、罰則を強化しました。

1999年に制定されたダイオキシン対策特別措置法の目的は何ですか？

この法律の目的は、ダイオキシンの発生を抑制し、環境汚染を防ぐことです。排ガスや排水中のダイオキシンの基準を設定し、焼却技術の革新と施設運営管理の改善を促しました。

2000年に制定された循環型社会形成推進基本法の目的は何ですか？

この法律の目的は、資源の消費を抑制し、環境負荷を最小限に抑える循環型社会の実現を促進することです。国家、地方自治体、事業者、国民の役割と責任を明確に定義しています。

日本のリサイクル率の改善に寄与した要因は何ですか？

リサイクル率の改善には、法制度の整備、住民の理解と協力のもとでのソース分別の導入、事業者との協力が寄与しました。リサイクル率は1990年の約5%から2019年には約20%に向上しました。

廃棄物管理における日本の今後の課題は何ですか？

日本は現在、新しい処理技術の開発、廃棄物削減のさらなる進展、3Rイニシアチブの強化、廃棄物セクターにおける気候変動対策の実施など、多くの課題に直面しています。政府、住民、民間セクターなどの利害関係者が協力してこれらの課題に取り組む必要があります。

Outlines

00:00

🇯🇵 日本の廃棄物管理システムの発展

日本は戦後、関連法制度を整備し、国、地方自治体、民間セクター、市民が協力して廃棄物技術を導入し、健全な物質循環社会を築きました。この教育資料では、戦後日本が直面した廃棄物問題とその解決策を実例を交えて紹介します。

05:03

🚑 公衆衛生の向上と廃棄物管理

第二次世界大戦前、日本はコレラやペストなどの感染症が蔓延し、廃棄物収集ポイントが蚊やハエの発生源となっていました。このため、公衆衛生の改善と都市環境の清潔化に焦点が当てられ、戦後の復興と共に廃棄物管理の必要性が高まりました。

10:05

🛠 廃棄物管理の機械化と法整備

戦後、日本は手押し車での廃棄物収集から自動車による収集に移行し、1954年に公衆清掃法が制定されました。この法律は国、都道府県、市町村、そして市民の役割を明確にし、効率的な廃棄物管理サービスを提供するための技術的支援を強化しました。

15:06

🌆 経済成長と廃棄物の急増

1960年代から70年代にかけての経済成長により、家庭電化製品やスーパーの普及が進み、廃棄物の量と種類が急増しました。このため、焼却処理が促進され、廃棄物の最終処分量を減らすための法整備が進められました。

20:08

🚮 不法投棄とダイオキシン問題

1980年代には不法投棄とダイオキシンの問題が浮上し、1991年の廃棄物処理法改正により廃棄物発生抑制や適切な分別・処理が強化されました。さらに、1999年にはダイオキシン対策特別措置法が制定され、焼却施設の運営と管理が改善されました。

25:10

🔄 資源循環型社会の構築

2000年代には、廃棄物の発生抑制やリサイクルが重視され、基本環境法や循環型社会形成推進基本法が制定されました。これにより、リサイクル法が整備され、住民の理解と協力の下でリサイクル率が向上しました。

🤝 持続可能な廃棄物管理への挑戦

日本は廃棄物管理システムの試行錯誤を経て、現在も廃棄物処理技術の開発や廃棄物削減に取り組んでいます。政府、住民、民間セクターが協力し、気候変動対策を含む新たな課題に取り組む必要があります。

Keywords

💡公衆衛生

公衆衛生は、第二次世界大戦後に日本が直面した重要な課題であり、感染症の拡散を防ぐための廃棄物管理が強調されました。公衆衛生の改善は、都市部でのゴミの堆積とごみ散乱を防ぐために重要でした。

💡公共清掃法

1954年に制定された公共清掃法は、公衆衛生の向上を目的とし、衛生的な廃棄物処理を義務付けました。この法律は、地方自治体、国、住民の役割を明確にし、廃棄物管理の効率化を図るための基盤を提供しました。

💡機械化

廃棄物収集の機械化は、公衆衛生の改善と作業効率の向上を目的として導入されました。手押し車から小型自動車による戸別収集に移行することで、廃棄物の散乱を防ぎ、都市環境の清潔さを保ちました。

💡焼却処理

急増する廃棄物に対処するため、日本は焼却処理を推進しました。焼却は廃棄物の体積を減らし、限られた埋立地の寿命を延ばす手段として重要でした。焼却による廃棄物削減は、最終処分量の減少に貢献しました。

💡産業廃棄物

産業廃棄物は、事業活動から生じる廃棄物であり、その適切な処理が求められました。産業廃棄物の適切な処理が進まないと、環境汚染や違法投棄が問題となりました。

💡違法投棄

違法投棄は、一部の事業者が廃棄物処理のコストを回避し、不適切に廃棄物を処分する行為です。これにより、深刻な環境汚染が引き起こされ、政府や住民に重い負担がかかりました。

💡循環型社会

循環型社会とは、資源の消費を抑え、環境負荷を最小限に抑える社会を指します。日本は、リデュース、リユース、リサイクルの3Rを推進し、適切な廃棄物処理を行うことで循環型社会の構築を目指しました。

💡環境基本法

1993年に制定された環境基本法は、日本の環境保全における最上位の法律です。この法律は、国、地方自治体、企業、住民の役割を明確にし、環境保全の基本事項を定めています。

💡分別収集

分別収集は、家庭ごみを分別して収集することでリサイクルの質を向上させる手法です。住民の理解と協力を得るために、分別収集の説明会や多言語での資料配布が行われました。

💡3R（リデュース、リユース、リサイクル）

3Rは、廃棄物の発生を抑え（リデュース）、再利用し（リユース）、リサイクルすることを意味します。日本はこれらの取り組みを推進することで、環境負荷の軽減と持続可能な社会の実現を目指しました。

Highlights

Japan developed a comprehensive legal system for waste management, emphasizing coordination among national, prefectural, and municipal authorities, private sectors, and citizens.

Historical waste management challenges included epidemics like cholera and plague, exacerbated by poor waste management practices.

Post-war urbanization led to increased waste, necessitating improved waste management systems and the mechanization of waste collection.

The Public Cleansing Act of 1954 was enacted to improve public health by ensuring sanitary waste disposal and cleanliness in living environments.

The mechanization of waste collection transitioned from handcarts to motor vehicles, significantly improving efficiency and sanitation.

Rapid economic growth in the 1960s and 70s led to increased waste generation and the adoption of incineration to manage landfill shortages.

The 1970 Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law clarified waste management responsibilities and established a basing system for waste management.

Industrial waste was categorized separately from municipal waste, assigning disposal responsibilities to business operators.

The 1991 amendment to the Waste Management Law emphasized waste discharge restrictions, proper sorting, storage, and recycling.

Illegal dumping by business operators led to environmental pollution incidents, prompting legal reforms and stronger penalties.

The Act on Special Measures against Dioxins (1999) controlled dioxin emissions from incineration, leading to technological and operational improvements.

From 1975 to 1995, Japan reduced annual landfilled waste from 20 million tons to 14 million tons, and significantly cut dioxin emissions.

The focus shifted in the 2000s to establishing a sound material-cycle society, prioritizing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

The Basic Environmental Law (1993) and the Basic Act for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society (2000) provided frameworks for sustainable waste management.

Public awareness and cooperation in waste separation and recycling significantly improved Japan's recycling rate from 5% in 1990 to 20% by 2019.

Transcripts

foreign

Japan set up its related legal systems

and continue to develop them

strengthened coordination among the

national government local prefectual and

municipal authorities private sectors

and citizens introduced appropriate

waste Technologies and established the

sound material cycle Society this

educational material introduces the

waste related challenges that Japan has

faced from the post-war period and how

this challenge were tackled and solved

with actual case studies

[Music]

prior to the end of World War II in 1945

Japan suffered from epidemic sub-cholera

plague and other infectious diseases

brought into the country from overseas

waste collection points became

generation sources for flies and

mosquitoes that carried these diseases

this situation led to an increased focus

on improving public health and the

living environment through eliminating

waste accumulation and litter in urban

areas

[Music]

after the end of the war reforms were

implemented to support the wide

reconstruction programs and the

population gradually became more

concentrated in urban areas the

accompanying includes an amounts

generated in these areas led to the need

for improved management of that waste at

the time waste was being dumped into

rivers and oceans and piled in the open

on the streets these practices just as

in per war period caused a widespread of

infectious diseases by flies mosquitoes

and rats that infested and multiplied in

the uncollected waste

at the time household waste was being

collected by handcarts however there

were obviously limits to waste

collection by human labor and

communities found themselves unable to

handle the lavatory growing amount of

waste collected waste were being

transferred from hand cars to Motor

Vehicles for transport onwards to

incineration plants and landfilled sites

the handcart operation and transfer work

were being done on the streets and the

resulting waste scattering became a

serious problem

although the law stipulated that

municipalities were responsible for

Waste Management the coordination system

with other stakeholders such as the

national government and residents had

not yet been fully developed Japan faced

a variety of Waste Management problems

to solve these problems the public

cleansing Act was enacted in 1954 the

purpose of this Act was to improve

Public Health by disposing a waste in

sanitary manner to ensure the

cleanliness of the living environment

this act was proposed because the waste

cleaning act which was enacted in 1900

was no longer in line with social

conditions and unable to provide the

adequate legal bits required in

supporting the Waste Management Service

after about 50 years from its enactment

the public cleansing Act was proposed to

ensure that Waste Management Service was

carried out more efficiently

the public cleansing act defined the

responsibilities of a national

government prefectures municipalities

and citizens the responsibility of

municipality was to efficiently

Implement Waste Management Service by

improving staff capabilities developing

related facilities and improving

operations in addition to fulfilling the

basic responsibility of a waste

collection in disposal the

responsibility of prefectures was to

provide the necessary technical support

to enable municipalities to

satisfactorily fulfill their

responsibilities

the national government's responsibility

was to provide the necessary Technical

and financial support to prefectures and

municipalities the ACT also stipulated

that citizens have an obligation to

cooperate with waste collection and

Disposal carried out by Perfection and

Municipal governments

along with the implementation of this

act steps were taken to mechanize waste

collection the goal was to remove waste

from housing areas and improve the

living environment in urban areas

through more efficient and sanitary

waste collection in transport

regarding the mechanization of waste

collection primary waste collection from

each household to waste collection

points by handcarts was abolished in

principle and instead door-to-door

collection by small motor vehicle was

introduced

the mechanization of waste collection

had the effect of improving

environmental sanitation and work

efficiency this also led to development

in mechanization in many other areas of

Waste Management

during this period municipal waste had

been rapidly increasing due to Economic

Development and the population

concentration in urban areas lack of

coordination among government

organizations responsible for Waste

Management and efficient waste

collection were the primary reasons why

large amounts of waste were left and

collected on the streets

people face serious public health

problems from the large numbers of flies

and mosquitoes generated by the

uncollected waste and the spread of

infectious diseases for this reason a

legal system was put in place to provide

a foundation and basis for Waste

Management in line with social

conditions

specifically the public cleansing Act

was enacted in this act clearly defined

the division's roles among the national

government prefectures municipalities

and citizens in addition to the legal

system the mechanization of a waste

collection was promoted

efficient and sanitary collection and

transport of waste that had been

overflowing in the cities and removal of

waste from urban areas helped to improve

Public Health in cities

[Music]

in the 1960s and 70s while Japan

experienced rapid economic growth and an

increase in citizens affluence rapid

industrialization gave rise to pollution

which became a serious social problem

rapid economic growth led to an increase

in the income of the citizens which

brought about the rapid spread of Home

Appliances such as TVs and refrigerators

in addition with the introduction of

supermarkets and convenience stores The

public's consumption Behavior changed

towards the mass production Mass

consumption and mass disposal-oriented

economic structure this change in turn

led to a rapid increase in the amounts

and types of waste being generated

vigorous economic activities generated

huge amounts of various waste the series

shortage in landfill capacities became a

major issue due to the rapid increase in

the amount of waste generated

to address this challenge Japan promoted

incineration treatment as a sanitary

method to dispose of and reduce waste

that was rapidly increasing in amount in

types incineration reduces the amount of

waste to be landfilled by burning waste

to Ash because of Japan's small land

area and the difficulty of securing

landfill sites The Limited sites

available had to be kept operable for as

long as possible

waste reduction through incineration

contributed to reducing final disposal

amounts

in addition the public cleansing Act was

fully amended in 1970 and the waste

management and public cleansing law was

enacted this law clearly defined

responsibilities according to wage

categories and established the basing

system for Waste Management

the main provisions of the waste

management in the public cleansing law

are clear definitions of waste

classification of waste into two

categories namely Industrial Waste

generated and business activities and

municipal waste

municipalities continue to be

responsible for the disposal of

municipal waste as in the past and the

responsibility of the sports and Global

Industrial Waste lies with the business

operators who generate the waste

in particular the reason for defining

Industrial Waste as a category separate

from municipal waste with that while

industrialization progressed and

Industrial activities in Japan became

more Dynamic during this High economic

growth period the waste generated by

these activities were not being properly

disposed of by the waste generating

business operators this law also clearly

stated that its purpose was to preserve

the living environment which included

taking actions on environmental issues

in addition to improving waste treatment

as a measure to address public health

issues during this period economic

growth and dynamic production and

consumption activities led to a

diversification in the types of waste to

address this issue legislation was

developed to deal with a wide variety of

ways and to clarify the definitions of

waste and the responsibilities for the

waste management

pan also faced a shortage in landfills

capacity due to the rapid increase in

the generated waste confronted by this

rapid increase in amount in types of

waste Japan moved forward with

incineration treatment to sanitarily

disposable waste and reduce demand to be

land filled

foreign

especially from 1986 to 1991 Japan

underwent and then presented economic

boom with the search in stock prices

rising real estate prices in an increase

in personal wealth consequently a

full-blown consuming Society emerged

where people would purchase all types of

items only to throw them away in short

order

as a result the amount of waste

continued to increase the annual tonnage

of waste generation increased from about

8.9 million in 1960 to about 50.3

Million by 1990.

this resulted in a sharp increase in the

amount of waste that had to be

incinerated however the health effects

of dioxins that were generated during

the incineration process became a major

concern in the social issue and the

strong opposition arose against the

operation of incinerators and

constructions of new facilities

waste treatment facilities were

compelled to implement environmental

measures in order to gain the

understanding and the consensible

residence on the operation or

constructions of incinerators

another issue that surfaced around this

time was illegal dumping although the

waste management and the public

cleansing laws stipulated that

responsibility for disposal of

Industrial Waste lies with the business

operators that generated that waste

some operators were reluctant to bear

the cost of the waste disposal and made

attempts to evade this responsibility

their priority was on treating the waste

cheaply in order to increase their

profit and not on treating the waste

properly

in addition an ethical waste disposal

companies is existed they collected

waste disposal fees from the business

operators on the understanding of

properly disposing the waste but

illegally interpret the waste in out of

the way places instead to make it

unjustified profits

illegal dumping resulted in many serious

environmental pollution incidents if

done on a large scale illegal dumping

will weigh down efforts to Resource

sites to the original condition with

costly outlayage of funds over decades

placing a heavy burden on both

government and residents living in and

around these sites

to remedy this situation the waste

management and the public cleansing law

of 1970 was amended in 1991 a key point

of this amendment was that it set out

the purposes of the law more

specifically whereas the waste

management and public cleansing law of

1970 stated that its purpose was to

preserve the living environment and

improve the public health through proper

disposal of waste the amended Waste

Management in a public cleansing law of

1991 stated that its purpose was to

preserve the living environment and

improve Public Health through the

restrictions of waste discharge

appropriate sorting storage collection

transport recycling disposal or the like

waste and conservation of a sanitary

living environment

in other words it included additional

provisions on the amended law includes

additional provisions on the

considerations of measures for

restrictions of waste discharge and the

formulation of plants as well as

specific provisions on proper disposal

that were left ambiguous in the previous

law

furthermore as a measure to combat

illegal dumping the responsibilities of

business operators generating Industrial

Waste were clearly defined and penalties

were strengthened

with respect to incineration treatment

they act on special measures against

dioxins was enacted in 1999 to control

the generations of dioxins and prevent

environmental pollution this act set up

the standards for dioxins and exhaust

gases and drainage water and led to

Innovations in incineration Technologies

and improvements in the operation and

management of its inhalation plant

including the control of the

incineration temperatures

by promotion of waste minimization

through supporting legislation and

making improvements to incineration

technology Japan was able to gradually

reduce its final disposal amounts the

annual tonnage of waste that was being

landfilled declined from about 20

million in 1975 to about 14 million in

1995. annual dioxin's emissions dropped

from about 8 000 grams DEQ in 1997 to

about 400 grams teq in 2003 a decline of

roughly 95 from 1997.

during this period grossing production

and consumption spurred by the booming

economy led to a rapid increase in the

amount of waste and the capacity

shortage of landfills became an even

more serious problem

in addition while municipalities were

tasked with disposing of large amounts

of waste strong opposition arose against

the operation of incinerators and

construction of the new facilities as a

health effects of dioxins became a major

concern and social issue

furthermore numerous illegal dumping

incidents were perpetuated by business

operators who thought to evade their

waste disposal responsibilities as well

as by an ethical waste disposal

companies

this prompted further advancements in

incineration treatment which ultimately

resulted in reduced landfilled waste

amount

dioxin's emissions that had been a major

concern were reduced through

improvements in the facility equipment

and operational management based on the

emission standards provided in the act

on special measures against dioxins

in addition the amended waste management

and public cleansing law explicitly

spelled out the specific

responsibilities of waste generating

business operators and waste disposal

companies and strengthened penalties for

illegal dumping

foreign

s Japan transitioned away from its mass

production Mass consumption and mass

dispersal oriented economic system of

the past and entered a phase where the

aim was to create the sound material

cycle society that would ensure the

implementation of the three Arts Reduce

Reuse and recycle as well as ensure

proper waste disposal

a sound material cycle Society is a

society which controls the consumptions

of natural resources and minimizes its

environmental burden priorities have

been set out for the cyclical use of

resources and waste management

the necessary steps in establishing a

sound material cycle Society are to

avoid generating waste to reuse Goods

repeatedly instead of turning them into

waste to reuse waste as a resource as

much as possible to recover and utilize

the heat generated from waste treatment

and to properly disposable waste that

cannot be reused by any means currently

the basic environmental law enacted in

1993 serves that the law of highest

order in this area in Japan this law

stipulates the divisions of Worlds among

the national government prefectures

municipalities and citizens as well as

the basic matters for achieving

Environmental Conservation

foreign

the basic act for establishing a sound

material cycle Society enacted 2000 is

subordinate to the basic environmental

law the basic act for establishing a

sound material cycle Society is the

basic framework for promoting a sound

material cycle society and sets out the

priorities for developing such a society

it also clearly defines the divisions of

roles among the national government

prefectures municipalities business

operators and citizens in terms of the

responsibilities of waste generating

parties and extended producer

responsibility that whole producers

responsible for their products even

after they become waste subordinate to

this act are the waste management and

public cleansing law that was enacted in

1970 and has undergone several

amendments since and the law for the

promotion of effective utilization of

resources enacted in 1991 with the

purpose of a comprehensively advancing

three art initiatives that will be

needed to develop the sound material

cycle Society

these two laws the waste management and

public cleansing law and the law for the

promotion of effective utilization of

resources are positioned as interrelated

laws

subordinate to these two laws are the

various recycling laws that functions as

regulations for advancing waste

reduction and recycling according to the

characteristics of individual

commodities

they act on the promotional procurement

of eco-friendly goods and services by

the state and other entities was also

enacted the purpose of this act is to

help build societies producing smaller

environmental burdens by encouraging the

national government and other public

institutions to take the initiative in

preferentially purchasing and using

recycled products

in Japan local municipalities private

companies and the residents have

cooperated Under This legal system on a

variety of initiatives to advance proper

waste management and build the sound

material cycle Society

particular Focus was placed on the

separate collection of recyclables in

the context of a promoting recycling the

Sorting of recyclables which developed

based on the idea that separation of

recyclables at the source such as

individual households is effective for

improving the quality of collected

recyclables and reducing sorting costs

gaining the understanding and

cooperation of residents the generation

at the waist is key to promoting Soul

separation and separate collection

the government developed and handed out

richly Illustrated separation charts and

brochures to Residents is an easy to

understand format for Generations from

children to adults in some regions local

governments held explanatory meetings

for residents where they could ask

questions on not only how they should

separate their waste but also on why

cell separation and separate collection

was being introduced

steps are also taken to reach a wider

segment of residents and ask for their

cooperation in introducing Soul

separation and separate collection

including handing out separation charts

in multiple languages for non-japanese

residents

as a result Japan's recycling rate which

was at about 5 around 1990 when the

country began taking steps toward

building a sound material cycle Society

improved to about 20 by in 2019.

in addition to the development of a

legal system for recycling the promotion

of Soul separation with the

understanding of residents an

introduction of source separation and

separate collection in cooperation with

business operators contributed to the

Improvement of recycling rate

during this period the focus shifted

from solely implementing proper waste

disposal to curb in the generation of

waste itself as well as sorting reusing

and recycling waste a variety of laws

were developed and enforced to support

this new concept of establishing its own

material cycle Society

in addition various public awareness

activities were carried out to Advanced

recycling based on Source separation and

separate collections with the

understanding and cooperation of

residents who were the generators of the

waste

we have reviewed here the history of

Waste Management in Japan from the

post-war period to the present

after the war ended in 1945 Japan set up

a legal system for provided the

foundation and basis for Waste

Management in accordance with social

conditions and clearly defined the

divisions of roles among the national

and local governments and other

stakeholders furthermore to maintain

sanitation in urban areas residents were

encouraged to cooperate in waste

collection and mechanization of waste

collection was developed

in the 1960s and later economic growth

and dynamic production and consumption

activities led to an increase in amounts

and types of waste in order to properly

manage these waste the legal system will

strengthened to clarify the definitions

of waste and where the responsibilities

for their management lay in addition

incineration was promoted to reduce the

final waste disposal amount

in the 1980s a rapid increase in the

amount of waste generation ensued as

people's High consumption Behavior were

spurred by an unprecedented economic

boom to further complicated matters the

generation of dioxins and illegal

dumping incidents emerged as social

problems in order to ensure that such

large amount of waste which properly

treated and disposed of steps were taken

to strengthen the legal system to

clearly Define responsibilities and

stipulate emission standards

in the 2000s the focus shifted from

solely implementing proper waste

disposal to curb in the generation of

waste itself as well as sorting and

recycling waste a variety of laws were

developed to Advance Recycling and

building the sound material cycle

society as we have seen in order to

overcome these various problems Japan

developed legal systems and also

introduced and continued to upgrade

appropriate Technologies

taking into account the social

conditions and issues we confronted over

these different periods

even now our society continues to

undergo changes daily and economic

activities and style of consumption in

Japan also continue to change against

this backdrop we are confronted with

many issues including the challenges of

developing new treatment Technologies

making further advancements in race

reduction in 3r initiatives and

implementing measures to address climate

change in the waste sector

government residents the private sector

and other stakeholders needs to join

forces to address these issues building

on a past experience of trial and error

in the development of Waste Management

Systems