NOMENCLATURA DE FUNÇÕES MISTAS | Funções Orgânicas - Tem Química Nárrysson Luiz

Tem Química

22 Apr 202014:14

Summary

TLDRThis chemistry tutorial focuses on naming organic compounds with mixed functions, essential for college entrance exams like the ENEM. It explains the priority rules for naming based on the IUPAC system, emphasizing the hierarchy of functional groups. The instructor uses examples to demonstrate how to identify the dominant group and correctly apply prefixes and suffixes. The video aims to help students avoid common mistakes in organic nomenclature.

Takeaways

📚 This lesson focuses on mixed organic functional groups, which are common in entrance exams like the ENEM.
🔍 Students must recognize which functional group has priority and which is subordinate to correctly name organic compounds.
📈 The priority is determined by a table that ranks functional groups from bottom to top, with higher priority groups listed higher.
🏆 The carboxyl group has the highest priority, so it dictates the naming when it appears with other functional groups.
📝 When an aldehyde is connected to a carboxyl group, the aldehyde loses priority, and the term 'oxo' is used instead of 'al'.
🚫 The term 'ol' is not used for alcohols when they are connected to a carboxyl group; instead, 'hydroxy' is used.
🔝 Amines have priority over all groups listed below them in the table, and their naming follows IUPAC rules unless they are subordinate to a carboxyl group.
🔄 The ether functional group does not have a priority and is named based on the connected elements and their positions.
🌐 Halogen atoms like fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine connected to a carbon atom are named based on their position and the type of bond.
📖 The lesson provides examples of how to name complex organic structures with mixed functional groups, emphasizing the importance of following the priority rules.
💌 The instructor encourages students to watch the entire web series on organic nomenclature and to practice using these rules to succeed in exams.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the nomenclature of organic compounds with mixed functions, focusing on how to recognize and prioritize different functional groups in organic chemistry.
Why is the carboxyl group given the highest priority in naming organic compounds?
-The carboxyl group is given the highest priority because it is considered the most significant functional group in organic nomenclature. When present, it dictates the name of the compound, and other functional groups are considered subordinate.
What is the rule for naming alcohols when they are connected to a carboxyl group?
-When an alcohol is connected to a carboxyl group, it loses its priority, and instead of using the term 'ol', the term 'hydroxy' is used to indicate the alcohol group's presence.
How does the presence of an aldehyde group affect the naming of a compound with a carboxyl group?
-If an aldehyde group is present alongside a carboxyl group, the aldehyde group is considered subordinate, and the term 'oxo' is used to indicate its presence, rather than allowing the aldehyde to dictate the compound's name.
What is the significance of the term 'amino' when used in organic nomenclature?
-The term 'amino' is used when an amine group is present in a compound but is not the dominant functional group. It indicates the presence of the amine group in a way that acknowledges its subordinate role in the compound's naming.
How does the presence of a ketone affect the naming of an alcohol?
-When a ketone is present in a compound with an alcohol group, the ketone takes priority due to its higher position in the functional group hierarchy. The alcohol group is then referred to using the term 'hydroxy' followed by its position.
What is the rule for naming compounds with both an ether and a non-priority functional group?
-If an ether group is not the priority functional group, it is referred to using the term 'oxy', and the naming continues with the standard rules, ensuring that the ether group does not dictate the compound's name.
How are halogens named when they are connected to a carbon?
-Halogens connected to a carbon are named by using the halogen's name followed by 'o' for a single bond, 'di' for a double bond, and 'tri' for a triple bond, with the prefix indicating the number of carbons in the chain.
What is the process for naming a compound with an acid and an alcohol group?
-The acid group takes priority in naming, and the alcohol group is referred to as 'hydroxy' with its position number. The compound is then named based on the acid's standard nomenclature, with the hydroxy group's position indicated.
How does the script suggest approaching the nomenclature of a compound with multiple carboxyl groups?
-When multiple carboxyl groups are present, the compound is named starting from the carboxyl group closest to the amine group, with the amine group referred to as 'amino'. The compound is then named as a diacid, with the positions of the carboxyl groups indicated.
What advice does the script give for learning organic nomenclature?
-The script advises learners to follow the lessons closely, prioritize different functional groups correctly, and always refer to the IUPAC rules for guidance in organic nomenclature.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Organic Chemistry Nomenclature

The script discusses a bonus lesson on organic chemistry nomenclature, specifically focusing on mixed functional groups. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the priority of different organic functions when they appear together in a molecule. The lesson uses a table to illustrate the hierarchy of functional groups, with carboxylic acid at the top, indicating it has the highest priority. The script explains how to name compounds based on this priority, using examples such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and amines. It also covers how to handle situations where two high-priority groups are present, such as choosing between 'oxy' and 'hydroxy' prefixes. The lesson aims to help students avoid losing points on exams like the ENEM and university entrance exams by understanding and applying these nomenclature rules.

05:02

📚 Nomenclature Rules Application

This section of the script provides a detailed walkthrough of how to apply the nomenclature rules to various organic compounds. It covers how to number carbon chains, prioritize functional groups, and use prefixes and infixes correctly. The script uses specific examples, such as a compound with both an alcohol and a ketone group, to demonstrate the process. It also explains how to handle cases where the priority group is not at the end of the chain, such as in the case of a carboxylic acid. The lesson reinforces the importance of following the IUPAC rules and using the correct terminology to avoid mistakes in chemical naming.

10:05

🧪 Advanced Nomenclature Scenarios

The final paragraph of the script delves into more complex scenarios of organic nomenclature, such as when a molecule contains multiple high-priority groups like carboxylic acids or amines. It discusses how to determine the numbering of the carbon chain and the placement of prefixes based on the position of these groups. The script also touches on the use of 'di' and 'tri' prefixes when multiple identical functional groups are present, as seen in the example of an acid with two carboxyl groups. The lesson concludes with a reminder to follow the lessons closely and to practice these naming conventions to succeed in exams. It encourages students to subscribe to the channel, turn on notifications, and engage with the content to improve their understanding of organic chemistry.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are chemical compounds that contain carbon. In the context of the video, these are the focus of the lesson, particularly those that are common in entrance exams for universities in Brazil. The script discusses the importance of recognizing and naming these compounds correctly.

💡Nomenclature

Nomenclature refers to the set of rules for naming chemical compounds. The video script emphasizes the importance of understanding IUPAC nomenclature, especially for organic compounds, to avoid losing points on exams like the ENEM and university entrance tests.

💡Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The script discusses various functional groups and their priority in naming compounds.

💡Carboxylic Acid

A carboxylic acid is a functional group with the formula -COOH. It is given the highest priority in organic nomenclature. The script mentions that when a carboxylic acid is present, the compound is named accordingly, and other functional groups are described as subordinate.

💡Aldehyde

An aldehyde is a functional group with the formula -CHO. The script explains that aldehydes have a lower priority than carboxylic acids in naming, and when connected to a carboxylic acid, they are referred to as 'oxo'.

💡Ketone

A ketone is a functional group with the formula -CO-. The script uses the term 'acetone' as an example of a ketone and discusses how it is named in relation to other functional groups like alcohols.

💡Alcohol

An alcohol is a functional group with the hydroxyl group (-OH). The script mentions that alcohols typically end with the suffix '-ol', but if connected to a carboxylic acid, they are referred to as 'hydroxy' instead.

💡Amine

An amine is a functional group that contains nitrogen and is derived from ammonia. The script discusses how amines are named and how their priority is determined in relation to other functional groups.

💡Ether

An ether is a compound that contains an ether group, which is an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. The script mentions that ethers do not have a specific priority and are named based on the connected groups.

💡Halogen

Halogens are elements from group 17 of the periodic table, including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The script discusses how halogenated compounds are named when connected to a carbon atom.

💡Lactate

Lactate is a specific organic compound mentioned in the script as an example of how to name a compound with both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol group.

Highlights

Introduction to mixed functional groups in organic chemistry

Explanation of priority in organic nomenclature

Carboxylic acid has the highest priority in nomenclature

How to handle aldehydes in the presence of carboxylic acid

Nomenclature rules when acetone is present with carboxylic acid

Alcohols normally end in 'ol' but use 'hydroxy' when connected to carboxylic acid

Amine nomenclature and its priority over other groups

Ethers do not have a priority and their nomenclature depends on the connected element

Halogens like fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine connected to carbon

Example of naming lactic acid with mixed functional groups

How to number carbon chains when prioritizing functional groups

Explanation of nomenclature when alcohol and ketone are present

Prioritizing carboxylic acid over ketone in nomenclature

Naming structures with both amine and carboxylic acid groups

How to handle multiple carboxylic acid groups in a molecule

Finalizing the naming of organic compounds with mixed functional groups

Encouragement to follow the channel and engage with the content